scholarly journals Obese Mice with Dyslipidemia Exhibit Meibomian Gland Hypertrophy and Alterations in Meibum Composition and Aqueous Tear Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8772
Author(s):  
Eugene A. Osae ◽  
Tiffany Bullock ◽  
Madhavi Chintapalati ◽  
Susanne Brodesser ◽  
Samuel Hanlon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Epididymal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Tear Production ◽  
Lipid Species

Background: Dyslipidemia may be linked to meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) and altered meibum lipid composition. The purpose was to determine if plasma and meibum cholesteryl esters (CE), triglycerides (TG), ceramides (Cer) and sphingomyelins (SM) change in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity where mice develop dyslipidemia. Methods: Male C57/BL6 mice (8/group, age = 6 wks) were fed a normal (ND; 15% kcal fat) or an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD; 42% kcal fat) for 10 wks. Tear production was measured and meibography was performed. Body and epididymal adipose tissue (eAT) weights were determined. Nano-ESI-MS/MS and LC-ESI-MS/MS were used to detect CE, TG, Cer and SM species. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis, Pearson’s correlation and unpaired t-tests adjusted for multiple comparisons; significance set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Compared to ND mice, HFD mice gained more weight and showed heavier eAT and dyslipidemia with higher levels of plasma CE, TG, Cer and SM. HFD mice had hypertrophic meibomian glands, increased levels of lipid species acylated by saturated fatty acids in plasma and meibum and excessive tear production. Conclusions: The majority of meibum lipid species with saturated fatty acids increased with HFD feeding with evidence of meibomian gland hypertrophy and excessive tearing. The dyslipidemia is associated with altered meibum composition, a key feature of MGD.

scholarly journals Effects of dietary fat quantity and composition on fasting and postprandial levels of coagulation factor VII and serum choline-containing phospholipids

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Schou Lindman ◽  
Hanne Müller ◽  
Ingebjørg Seljeflot ◽  
Hans Prydz ◽  
Marit Veierød ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Coagulation Factor ◽  
Factor Vii ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Coagulation Factor Vii ◽  
Low Fat Diet

Dietary fat influences plasma levels of coagulation factor VII (FVII) and serum phospholipids (PL). It is, however, unknown if the fat-mediated changes in FVII are linked to PL. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary fat on fasting and postprandial levels of activated FVII (FVIIa), FVII coagulant activity (FVIIc), FVII protein (FVIIag) and choline-containing PL (PC). In a randomized single-blinded crossover-designed study a high-fat diet (HSAFA), a low-fat diet (LSAFA), both rich in saturated fatty acids, and a high-fat diet rich in unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) were consumed for 3 weeks. Twenty-five healthy females, in which postprandial responses were studied in a subset of twelve, were included. The HSAFA diet resulted in higher levels of fasting FVIIa and PC compared with the LSAFA and the HUFA diets (all comparisonsP≤0·01). The fasting PC levels after the LSAFA diet were also higher than after the HUFA diet (P<0·001). Postprandial levels of FVIIa and PC were highest on the HSAFA diet and different from LSAFA and HUFA (all comparisonsP≤0·05). Postprandial FVIIa was higher on the HUFA compared with the LSAFA diet (P<0·03), whereas the HUFA diet resulted in lower postprandial levels of PC than the LSAFA diet (P<0·001). Significant correlations between fasting levels of PC and FVIIc were found on all diets, whereas FVIIag was correlated to PC on the HSAFA and HUFA diet. The present results indicate that dietary fat, both quality and quantity, influences fasting and postprandial levels of FVIIa and PC. Although significant associations between fasting FVII and PC levels were found, our results do not support the assumption that postprandial FVII activation is linked to serum PC.

scholarly journals Impact of Drying Method on the Evaluation of Fatty Acids and Their Derived Volatile Compounds in ‘Thompson Seedless’ Raisins

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Wang ◽  
Hafiz Umer Javed ◽  
Ying Shi ◽  
Safina Naz ◽  
Sajid Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Heptanoic Acid ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Air Drying

Air- and sun-dried raisins from Thompson Seedless (TS) grapes were analyzed under GC/MS to evaluate fatty acids (FAs) and their derived volatile compounds, coming from unsaturated fatty acids oxidation. A total of 16 FAs were identified in TS raisins, including 10 saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and 6 unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs). The contents of C18:0, C15:0, and C16:0 among SFAs and C18:3, C18:2 and C18:1 in USFAs were significantly higher. Furthermore, USFAs such as C16:1 and C20:1 were only identified in air-dried raisins. The principal component analysis showed the increased content of FAs and FA-derived compounds were in air-dried and sun-dried raisins, respectively. Among FA-derived compounds, 2-pentyl furan, 3-octen-2-one, 1-hexanol and heptanoic acid were more potent. This study shows that air-drying is more favorable for the production of fatty acids (SFAs and USFAs), whereas sun-drying is more advantageous in terms of fatty acid-derived volatiles.

scholarly journals Autotrophic and Heterotrophic Growth Conditions Modify Biomolecole Production in the Microalga Galdieria sulphuraria (Cyanidiophyceae, Rhodophyta)

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
Roberto Barone ◽  
Lorenzo De Napoli ◽  
Luciano Mayol ◽  
Marina Paolucci ◽  
Maria Grazia Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Galdieria Sulphuraria ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Carbon Mass

Algae have multiple similarities with fungi, with both belonging to the Thallophyte, a polyphyletic group of non-mobile organisms grouped together on the basis of similar characteristics, but not sharing a common ancestor. The main difference between algae and fungi is noted in their metabolism. In fact, although algae have chlorophyll-bearing thalloids and are autotrophic organisms, fungi lack chlorophyll and are heterotrophic, not able to synthesize their own nutrients. However, our studies have shown that the extremophilic microalga Galderia sulphuraria (GS) can also grow very well in heterotrophic conditions like fungi. This study was carried out using several approaches such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and infrared spectrophotometry (ATR-FTIR). Results showed that the GS, strain ACUF 064, cultured in autotrophic (AGS) and heterotrophic (HGS) conditions, produced different biomolecules. In particular, when grown in HGS, the algae (i) was 30% larger, with an increase in carbon mass that was 20% greater than AGS; (ii) produced higher quantities of stearic acid, oleic acid, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and ergosterol; (iii) produced lower quantities of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) such as methyl palmytate, and methyl linoleate, saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and poyliunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). ATR-FTIR and principal component analysis (PCA) statistical analysis confirmed that the macromolecular content of HGS was significantly different from AGS. The ability to produce different macromolecules by changing the trophic conditions may represent an interesting strategy to induce microalgae to produce different biomolecules that can find applications in several fields such as food, feed, nutraceutical, or energy production.

Effect of animal age and gender on fatty acid and elemental composition in Austrian beef applicable for authentication purposes

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriána Bednárová ◽  
Ján Mocák ◽  
Walter Gössler ◽  
Margit Velik ◽  
Josef Kaufmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Elemental Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe main aim of the present study was to find differences in the content of fatty acids and variations in elemental composition in beef samples of longissimus dorsi muscle related to cattle age and gender. A further goal was to describe interrelations among the selected variables (descriptors) characterising the samples. For this purpose, an extensive data table was compiled, which contains chemical descriptors specifying forty-six beef samples originating from four well-known Austrian grassland-based beef labels. The following descriptors were investigated: (a) concentrations of 33 fatty acids, (b) concentrations of 19 elements, (c) contents of dry-mass, protein, intramuscular fat, and ash, (d) total content of saturated fatty acids (SFA), mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), (e) total contents of omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) PUFA and their ratio. The correlation analysis provided a number of statistically significant correlations among the descriptors, which were concordant with the results of the principal component analysis and cluster analysis. Furthermore, the effect of age and gender of cattle (both acting as target factors) on the fatty acid content and elemental composition of beef was examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and appropriate non-parametric tests. Several important interrelations among the beef characteristics investigated were also discovered. Finally, the most relevant beef descriptors were utilised in linear discrimination analysis (LDA) for predicting the slaughter age of the cattle for beef authentication.

The effect of high fat diet and saturated fatty acids on insulin signaling in the amygdala and hypothalamus of rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 1537 ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyoungil Oh ◽  
Stephane Boghossian ◽  
David A. York ◽  
MieJung Park-York
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Insulin Signaling ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat

scholarly journals Dietary Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Increase Survival and Decrease Bacterial Load during Septic Staphylococcus aureus Infection and Improve Neutrophil Function in Mice

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 514-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara L. Svahn ◽  
Louise Grahnemo ◽  
Vilborg Pálsdóttir ◽  
Intawat Nookaew ◽  
Karl Wendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Neutrophil Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Content Type

Severe infection, including sepsis, is an increasing clinical problem that causes prolonged morbidity and substantial mortality. At present, antibiotics are essentially the only pharmacological treatment for sepsis. The incidence of resistance to antibiotics is increasing; therefore, it is critical to find new therapies for sepsis.Staphylococcus aureusis a major cause of septic mortality. Neutrophils play an important role in the defense against bacterial infections. We have shown that a diet with high levels of dietary saturated fatty acids decreases survival in septic mice, but the mechanisms behind this remain elusive. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the differences in dietary fat composition affect survival and bacterial load after experimental septic infection and neutrophil function in uninfected mice. We found that, afterS. aureusinfection, mice fed a polyunsaturated high-fat diet (HFD-P) for 8 weeks had increased survival and decreased bacterial load during sepsis compared with mice fed a saturated high-fat diet (HFD-S), similar to mice fed a low-fat diet (LFD). Uninfected mice fed HFD-P had a higher frequency of neutrophils in bone marrow than mice fed HFD-S. In addition, mice fed HFD-P had a higher frequency of neutrophils recruited to the site of inflammation in response to peritoneal injection of thioglycolate than mice fed HFD-S. Differences between the proportion of dietary protein and carbohydrate did not affect septic survival at all. In conclusion, polyunsaturated dietary fat increased both survival and efficiency of bacterial clearance during septicS. aureusinfection. Moreover, this diet increased the frequency and chemotaxis of neutrophils, key components of the immune response toS. aureusinfections.

scholarly journals Short-Chain Fatty Acids Protect Against High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity via a PPARγ-Dependent Switch From Lipogenesis to Fat Oxidation

Diabetes ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 2398-2408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gijs den Besten ◽  
Aycha Bleeker ◽  
Albert Gerding ◽  
Karen van Eunen ◽  
Rick Havinga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

scholarly journals Effect of the diet on performance characteristics and quality of meat fat of lamb by principal component analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e53180
Author(s):  
Marcus Andrade Wanderley Junior ◽  
Cristiane Leal dos Santos ◽  
Leandro Pereira Lima ◽  
Thon Jovita Farias ◽  
Rodrigo Soares Junqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Performance Characteristics ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Fat Quality

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of use of agroindustrial co-products in the diet of lambs on the performance and nutritional quality of meat fat. Twenty lambs were distributed into four experimental groups: control diet (C) or diets containing cottonseed (CS), sunflower meal (SFM), and castor cake (CC). During the experimental period, data on dry matter consumption (DMC) and total weight gain (TWG) were collected. After slaughter, samples of Logissimus dorsi (LD) muscle were taken for fatty acids and cholesterol analysis. Diets C and CS provided similar characteristics of fat quality and animal performance. However, SFM and CC diets tend to form isolated groups, with different fat and performance characteristics. The SFM diet results in meat with a higher saturated fatty acids and cholesterol content. The CC diet is related to improved performance characteristics and lower cholesterol content. In conclusion, the inclusion of CC in the experimental diets provided, in the proportions used in this experiment, better characteristics of animal performance and meat fat quality.

scholarly journals Resistant starch from green banana (Musa sp.) attenuates non-alcoholic fat liver accumulation and increases short-chain fatty acids production in high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 1066-1072
Author(s):  
Carolyne Pimentel Rosado ◽  
Victor Hugo Cordeiro Rosa ◽  
Bruna Cadete Martins ◽  
Aruanna Cajaty Soares ◽  
Izabelle Barcellos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Musa Sp ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Obesity In Mice ◽  
Fat Liver ◽  
Green Banana
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