scholarly journals Osteogenic Properties of Novel Methylsulfonylmethane-Coated Hydroxyapatite Scaffold

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (22) ◽  
pp. 8501
Author(s):  
Jeong-Hyun Ryu ◽  
Tae-Yun Kang ◽  
Hyunjung Shin ◽  
Kwang-Mahn Kim ◽  
Min-Ho Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Level Of Activity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Scaffold

Despite numerous advantages of using porous hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds in bone regeneration, the material is limited in terms of osteoinduction. In this study, the porous scaffold made from nanosized HAp was coated with different concentrations of osteoinductive aqueous methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) solution (2.5, 5, 10, and 20%) and the corresponding MH scaffolds were referred to as MH2.5, MH5, MH10, and MH20, respectively. The results showed that all MH scaffolds resulted in burst release of MSM for up to 7 d. Cellular experiments were conducted using MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells, which showed no significant difference between the MH2.5 scaffold and the control with respect to the rate of cell proliferation (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference between each group at day 4 for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, though the MH2.5 group showed higher level of activity than other groups at day 10. Calcium deposition, using alizarin red staining, showed that cell mineralization was significantly higher in the MH2.5 scaffold than that in the HAp scaffold (p < 0.0001). This study indicated that the MH2.5 scaffold has potential for both osteoinduction and osteoconduction in bone regeneration.

scholarly journals TRIM16 Positively Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells by Modulating the Ubiquitination and Degradation of RUNX2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Qiaoli Zhai ◽  
Hong Liu ◽  
Xun Xi ◽  
Shuai Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

Abstract BackgroundPeriodontal disease is a common disease that compromises the integrity of tooth-supporting tissues. Bone regeneration is the ultimate goal of periodontal therapies, in which osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells plays a critical role. The tripartite motif (TRIM)16 is downregulated in periodontal tissues of patients with periodontitis and involved in osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hBMSCs).However, the role of TRIM16 in the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) is largely unknown.MethodshPDLSCs were isolated and identified by immunophenotype assays using flow cytometry. Overexpression plasmids and specific short-hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) were constructed to manipulate the expression of target molecules. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red staining (ARS) and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) were used to evaluate osteogenic potential capacity. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and Western blot analysis were performed to determine the expression of osteogenic-related markers and activation of relevant signaling pathways. Co-immunoprecipitation assays were performed to confirm the interactions between proteins and the ubiquitination of RUNX2. A LC-MS/MS analysis was performed to explore the different expression proteins in present of TRIM16.ResultsTRIM16 significantly promoted alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized nodule formation, and positively regulated the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by enhancing protein expression of RUNX2, COL1A1 and OCN. Mechanistically, TRIM16 serves as a pivotal factor that stabilizes RUNX2 protein levels by decreasing CHIP-mediated K48-linked ubiquitination degradation of the RUNX2 protein. Besides, TRIM16 significantly increased expression of COL1A1 via activation of p38MAPK/RUNX2.ConclusionThis study identified a novel mechanism of TRIM16 in regulating stability of the RUNX2 protein, which may promote the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. TRIM16 may be a potential target of stem cell based-bone regeneration for periodontal therapies.

scholarly journals Parathyroidectomy May Cause Remission of Uraemic Tumoral Calcinosis in Haemodialysis Patients

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiting Huang ◽  
Jun Lu ◽  
Pengwei Guo ◽  
Jun Pang ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Tumoral Calcinosis ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Intact Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Metastatic Calcification ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Stage Renal Disease

AbstractFew cases of uraemic tumoral calcinosis (UTC) have been reported. This study aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of parathyroidectomy for UTC. Historical clinical data of patients with end-stage renal disease and UTC who underwent parathyroidectomy were analysed. Absorption of metastatic calcification was compared before and after operation. Changes in intact parathyroid hormone, serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase levels were analysed before parathyroidectomy and at 1 week and 3, 6, and 12 months after parathyroidectomy. Eight patients met the enrolment criteria (men, 6; mean age, 38.6 SD 10.9 years). Uraemic tumoral calcinosis, which developed 2–8 years after dialysis began, was caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism. Massive calcium deposition was found in the shoulder (n = 6), hip (n = 3), and elbow (n = 2). Four patients had > 2 joints affected, and a single joint was involved for four patients. Seven patients had rapid remission (< 6 months) of the masses after parathyroidectomy. In one patient, the mass remained unabsorbed until 6 months postoperatively. Hypocalcaemia occurred in all patients where parathyroidectomy was successful, and calcium supplementation was required 1 year postoperatively. Serum intact parathyroid hormone levels on day 7 and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively decreased significantly from baseline and remained low 1 year postoperatively (22.015 SD33.134 pg/mL). Postoperative phosphorus levels were significantly lower than preoperative levels (p < 0.05), but no significant difference was found in alkaline phosphatase levels (p > 0.05). Parathyroidectomy has promising efficacy for UTC treatment and regulation of serum intact parathyroid hormone and phosphorus. Hypocalcaemia is a common complication after parathyroidectomy. Current Controlled Trials ChiCTR2000041311, date of registration: Dec. 23, 2020.

scholarly journals Effects of Enhanced Hydrophilic Titanium Dioxide-Coated Hydroxyapatite on Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Calvarial Defects

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (11) ◽  
pp. 3640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji-Eun Lee ◽  
Chung Bark ◽  
Hoang Quy ◽  
Seung-Jun Seo ◽  
Jae-Hong Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Graft Material ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Calvarial Defects

The regeneration of bone defects caused by periodontal disease or trauma is an important goal. Porous hydroxyapatite (HA) is an osteoconductive graft material. However, the hydrophobic properties of HA can be a disadvantage in the initial healing process. HA can be coated with TiO2 to improve its hydrophilicity, and ultraviolet irradiation (UV) can further increase the hydrophilicity by photofunctionalization. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of 5% TiO2-coated HA on rabbit calvarial defects and compare it with that of photofunctionalization on new bone in the early stage. The following four study groups were established, negative control, HA, TiO2-coated HA, and TiO2-coated HA with UV. The animals were sacrificed and the defects were assessed by radiography as well as histologic and histomorphometric analyses. At 2 and 8 weeks postoperatively, the TiO2-coated HA with UV group and TiO2-coated HA group showed significantly higher percentages of new bone than the control group (p < 0.05). UV irradiation increased the extent of new bone formation, and there was a significant difference between the TiO2-coated HA group and TiO2-coated HA with UV group. The combination of TiO2/HA and UV irradiation in bone regeneration appears to induce a favorable response.

scholarly journals Constructing a Sr2+-Substituted Surface Hydroxyapatite Hexagon-Like Microarray on 3D-Plotted Hydroxyapatite Scaffold to Regulate Osteogenic Differentiation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1672
Author(s):  
Yingqi Wei ◽  
Huichang Gao ◽  
Lijing Hao ◽  
Xuetao Shi ◽  
Yingjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Hydrothermal Reaction ◽  
Porous Scaffold ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Cell Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Proliferation And Differentiation ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Scaffold ◽  
Biological Performance ◽  
Strontium Ion

Surface topography and chemical characteristics can regulate stem cell proliferation and differentiation, and decrease the bone-healing time. However, the synergetic function of the surface structure and chemical cues in bone-regeneration repair was rarely studied. Herein, a strontium ion (Sr2+)-substituted surface hydroxyapatite (HA) hexagon-like microarray was successfully constructed on 3D-plotted HA porous scaffold through hydrothermal reaction to generate topography and chemical dual cues. The crystal phase of the Sr2+-substituted surface microarray was HA, while the lattice constant of the Sr2+-substituted microarray increased with increasing Sr2+-substituted amount. Sr2+-substituted microarray could achieve the sustainable release of Sr2+, which could effectively promote osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) even without osteogenic-induced media. Osteogenic characteristics were optimally enhanced using the higher Sr2+-substituted surface microarray (8Sr-HA). Sr2+-substituted microarray on the scaffold surface could future improve the osteogenic performance of HA porous scaffold. These results indicated that the Sr2+-substituted HA surface hexagon-like microarray on 3D-plotted HA scaffolds had promising biological performance for bone-regeneration repair scaffold.

Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds by Polymer Sponge Method

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 703-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.B.M. Fook ◽  
A.H. Aparecida ◽  
Thiago Bizerra Fideles ◽  
R.C. Costa ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Lia Fook
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Bone Substitutes ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Pore Sizes ◽  
Hydroxyapatite Scaffold

This study aimed to develop porous hydroxyapatite scaffold for bone regeneration using the replica of the polymeric sponge technique. Polyurethane sponges were used with varying densities to obtain the scaffolds. The results indicate the porous HA scaffolds developed in this study as potential materials for application as bone substitutes to have high porosity (> 70%), chemical composition, interconnectivity and pore sizes appropriate to the bone regeneration.

scholarly journals New Application of Osteogenic Differentiation from HiPS Stem Cells for Evaluating the Osteogenic Potential of Nanomaterials in Dentistry

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Tetè ◽  
Paolo Capparè ◽  
Enrico Gherlone
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Medical Disorders ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Solid Foundation ◽  
Diffuse Positivity

Objective: HiPS stem cells are commonly used for the study of medical disorders. The laboratory in which this study was conducted uses these cells for examining the treatment and cure of neurodegenerative diseases. Bone regeneration poses the greatest challenge for an oral surgeon both in terms of increased implant osseointegration and reducing bone healing times. The aim of this study was to validate the protocol in the literature to produce and then test in vitro osteoblasts with different nanomaterials to simulate bone regeneration. Method: hiPS clones (#2, #4, and #8) were differentiated into an osteoblast cell culture tested for alizarin red staining and for alkaline phosphatase testing at 14, 21 and 28 days, after the cells were plated. Results: The cells showed diffuse positivity under alizarin red staining and the alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-test, showing small formations of calcium clusters. Conclusion: Despite the limitations of our study, it is a starting point for further protocols, laying a solid foundation for research in the field of bone regeneration through the use of stem cells.

scholarly journals Effect of a Simvastatin-Impregnated Chitosan Scaffold on Cell Growth and Osteoblastic Differentiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5346
Author(s):  
Ghaliah M. Alsawah ◽  
Mohammad I. Al-Obaida ◽  
Ebtissam M. Al-Madi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Chitosan Scaffold ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Alkaline Phosphate

This study aims to evaluate the effect of chitosan (CS) scaffold, alone, and the potential synergistic effect when impregnated with simvastatin (SIM), on immortalized human bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hbMMSCs) compared to CollaCote (CL). CS scaffolds were fabricated and seeded with immortalized hBMMSCs. Samples were divided into control groups (negative with no added material and positive with CL added) and four experimental groups: CS alone, CS/SIM 0.01, 0.03, and 0.05 mg, respectively. Cell viability, osteoblastic differentiation and calcium deposition were investigated via AlamarBlue, alkaline phosphate activity assays and alizarin red S staining at 1 and 14 days, respectively. At day one, no significant difference was noted between the groups regarding cell viability. However, all CS/SIM groups showed significant cutback at day 14 in cell proliferation compared to CS alone and CL groups (p < 0.001). All groups supported osteoblastic differentiation with no significant difference. Alkaline phosphate activity increased in both time periods in the CS/SIM 0.05 mg group compared to the other SIM groups, with no significant difference among the experimental groups. Chitosan scaffold is a bioactive compatible material capable of regenerative potential of hBMMSCs and a promising material to be used for perforation repair.

scholarly journals Temporal induction of Lhx8 by optogenetic control system for efficient bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Delan Huang ◽  
Runze Li ◽  
Jianhan Ren ◽  
Haotian Luo ◽  
Weicai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Control System ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Calvarial Defect ◽  
Defect Model ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Optogenetic Control

Abstract Background The spatiotemporal regulation of essential genes is crucial for controlling the growth and differentiation of cells in a precise manner during regeneration. Recently, optogenetics was considered as a potent technology for sophisticated regulation of target genes, which might be a promising tool for regenerative medicine. In this study, we used an optogenetic control system to precisely regulate the expression of Lhx8 to promote efficient bone regeneration. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to detect the expression of Lhx8 and osteogenic marker genes. Alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were used to detect alkaline phosphatase activity and calcium nodules. A customized optogenetic expression system was constructed to regulate Lhx8, of which the expression was activated in blue light but not in dark. We also used a critical calvarial defect model for the analysis of bone regeneration in vivo. Moreover, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), three-dimensional reconstruction, quantitative bone measurement, and histological and immunohistochemistry analysis were performed to investigate the formation of new bone in vivo. Results During the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs, the expression levels of Lhx8 increased initially but then decreased thereafter. Lhx8 promoted the early proliferation of BMSCs but inhibited subsequent osteogenic differentiation. The optogenetic activation of Lhx8 in BMSCs in the early stages of differentiation by blue light stimulation led to a significant increase in cell proliferation, thus allowing a sufficient number of differentiating BMSCs to enter the later osteogenic differentiation stage. Analysis of the critical calvarial defect model revealed that the pulsed optogenetic activation of Lhx8 in transplanted BMSCs over a 5-day period led to a significant increase in the generation of bone in vivo. Conclusions Lhx8 plays a critical role in balancing proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in BMSCs. The optogenetic activation of Lhx8 expression at early stage of BMSCs differentiation led to better osteogenesis, which would be a promising strategy for precise bone regeneration.

scholarly journals Quaternary ammonium silane (k21) based intracanal medicament triggers biofilm destruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Sook Kuan Kok ◽  
Xian Jin Lim ◽  
Soo Xiong Chew ◽  
Shu Fen Ong ◽  
Lok Yin See ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Collagen Matrix ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Biofilm Destruction ◽  
Root Canal Dentin

Abstract Background Compare antimicrobial efficacy of a quarternary ammonium silane (QAS)/k21 as an intracanal medicament against E. faecalis and C. albicans biofilms formed on root dentin. Methodology Dentin blocks were sterilized and E. faecalis and C. albicans microbial colonies were counted for colony-forming-units against 2%k21, 2%CHX and Ca(OH)2 medicaments. Biofilm colonies after 7 days on dentin were analysed using confocal laser scanning microscopy with live/dead bacterial viability staining. TEM was done to study dentin collagen matrix. Dentin discs from 3rd day and 7th day well plate was used for Raman spectra and observed under fluorescent-microscope. Docking studies were carried out on MMP-2 S1 binding-domain with k21. Results There was reduction of E. faecalis/C. albicans when k21, chlorhexidine and calcium hydroxide were used with highest percentage in 2%k21 treated specimens. 2%k21 showed dense and regular collagen network with intact cross-banding and decreased Raman intensity for 2%k21 on 3rd day. NaOCl + k21 showed least adherence, whereas saline groups showed highest adherence of E. faecalis and C. albicans to root-canal dentin. Alizarin red staining of hDPSCs revealed calcium deposition in all groups with significant difference seen amongst 2%k21 groups. MMP-2 ligand binding was seen accurately indicating possible target sites for k21 intervention. Conclusion 2%k21 can be considered as alternative intracanal medicament.

scholarly journals Three-dimensional printed polylactic acid scaffold integrated with BMP-2 laden hydrogel for precise bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Misun Cha ◽  
Yuan-Zhe Jin ◽  
Jin Wook Park ◽  
Kyung Mee Lee ◽  
Shi Huan Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Defect Model ◽  
Ectopic Ossification ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Background Critical bone defects remain challenges for clinicians, which cannot heal spontaneously and require medical intervention. Following the development of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology is widely used in bone tissue engineering for its outstanding customizability. The 3D printed scaffolds were usually accompanied with growth factors, such as bone morphometric protein 2 (BMP-2), whose effects have been widely investigated on bone regeneration. We previously fabricated and investigated the effect of a polylactic acid (PLA) cage/Biogel scaffold as a carrier of BMP-2. In this study, we furtherly investigated the effect of another shape of PLA cage/Biogel scaffold as a carrier of BMP-2 in a rat calvaria defect model and an ectopic ossification (EO) model. Method The PLA scaffold was printed with a basic commercial 3D printer, and the PLA scaffold was combined with gelatin and alginate-based Biogel and BMP-2 to induce bone regeneration. The experimental groups were divided into PLA scaffold, PLA scaffold with Biogel, PLA scaffold filled with BMP-2, and PLA scaffold with Biogel and BMP-2 and were tested both in vitro and in vivo. One-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post-hoc analysis was used to determine whether statistically significant difference exists between groups. Result The in vitro results showed the cage/Biogel scaffold released BMP-2 with an initial burst release and followed by a sustained slow-release pattern. The released BMP-2 maintained its osteoinductivity for at least 14 days. The in vivo results showed the cage/Biogel/BMP-2 group had the highest bone regeneration in the rat calvarial defect model and EO model. Especially, the bone regenerated more regularly in the EO model at the implanted sites, which indicated the cage/Biogel had an outstanding ability to control the shape of regenerated bone. Conclusion In conclusion, the 3D printed PLA cage/Biogel scaffold system was proved to be a proper carrier for BMP-2 that induced significant bone regeneration and induced bone formation following the designed shape.

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