scholarly journals 18F- based Quantification of the Osteogenic Potential of hMSCs

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Grossner ◽  
Uwe Haberkorn ◽  
Tobias Gotterbarm
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Tracer Uptake ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Layer ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Significant Difference

In bone tissue engineering, there is a constant need to design new methods for promoting in vitro osteogenic differentiation. Consequently, there is a strong demand for fast, effective and reliable methods to track and quantify osteogenesis in vitro. In this study, we used the radiopharmacon fluorine-18 (18F) to evaluate the amount of hydroxylapatite produced by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in a monolayer cell culture in vitro. The hydroxylapatite bound tracer was evaluated using µ-positron emission tomography (µ-PET) scanning and activimeter analysis. It was therefore possible to determine the amount of synthesized mineral and thus to conclude the osteogenic potential of the cells. A Student’s t-test revealed a highly significant difference regarding tracer uptake between the osteogenic group and the corresponding control group (µ-PET p = 0.043; activimeter analysis p = 0.012). This tracer uptake showed a highly significant correlation with the gold standard of quantitative Alizarin Red staining (ARS) (r2 = 0.86) as well as with the absolute calcium content detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (r2 = 0.81). The results showed that 18F labeling is a novel method to prove and quantify hydroxyapatite content in MSC monolayer cultures. The mineral layer remains intact for further analysis. This non-destructive in vitro method can be used to rapidly investigate bone tissue engineering strategies in terms of hydroxylapatite production, and could therefore accelerate the process of implementing new strategies in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Plant-derived Cellulose Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Leblanc Latour ◽  
Maryam Tarar ◽  
Ryan J. Hickey ◽  
Charles M. Cuerrier ◽  
Isabelle Catelas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Alizarin Red

AbstractPlant-derived cellulose biomaterials have recently been utilized in several tissue engineering applications. Naturally-derived cellulose scaffolds have been shown to be highly biocompatible in vivo, possess structural features of relevance to several tissues, as well as support mammalian cell invasion and proliferation. Recent work utilizing decellularized apple hypanthium tissue has shown that it possesses a pore size and properties similar to trabecular bone. In the present study, we examined the potential of apple-derived cellulose scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE). Confocal microscopy revealed that the scaffolds had a suitable pore size for BTE applications. To analyze their in vitro mineralization potential, MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were seeded in either bare cellulose scaffolds or in composite scaffolds composed of cellulose and collagen I. Following chemically-induced differentiation, scaffolds were mechanically tested and evaluated for mineralization. The Young’s modulus of both types of scaffolds significantly increased after cell differentiation. Alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red staining further highlighted the osteogenic potential of the scaffolds. Histological sectioning of the constructs revealed complete invasion by the cells and mineralization throughout the entire constructs. Finally, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of mineral aggregates deposited on the scaffolds after differentiation, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the presence of phosphate and calcium. In summary, our results indicate that plant-derived cellulose is a promising scaffold candidate for bone tissue engineering applications.

Herbally Painted Biofunctional Scaffolds with Improved Osteoinductivity for Bone Tissue Engineering

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 49-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivaji Kashte ◽  
Gajanan Arbade ◽  
R.K. Sharma ◽  
Sachin Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Alizarin Red

In the bone tissue engineering composite scaffolds with osteogenic potential are emerging as the new tool. Here, we investigated the graphene (GP), graphene oxide (GO) andCissusquadrangularis(CQ) callus extract for their spontaneous osteoinductive potential. Electrospun poly ε-caprolactone (PCL) sheets were painted with varying combination GP, GO and CQ solutions as ink. The prepared PCL-GO, PCL-GO-CQ, PCL-GP and PCL-GP-CQ scaffolds were characterized for their physical, mechanical and biological properties. Addition of GO, GP, GO-CQ and GP-CQ to PCL enhanced roughness, wettability, Yield strength and tensile strength, biocompatibility .significantly. Presence of GO and CQ in PCL-GO-CQ scaffolds, while GP and CQ in PCL-GP-CQ scaffolds showed synergistic effect on the biocompatibility, Cell attachment,cell proliferation of human umbilical Wharton’s jelly derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) and their differentiation into osteoblasts by 21stday in culture without osteogenic differentiation media or any growth factors. Same is confirmed by the Alizarin red S staining and Von kossa staining. The combination of PCL-GO-CQ scaffold prepared by novel paint method was found to be the most potential in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Osteogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells from rat mandible to regenerate critical sized calvarial defect

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 204173141983042 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Joon Lee ◽  
Jane Kwon ◽  
Luke Current ◽  
Kun Yoon ◽  
Rahim Zalal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Origin ◽  
Rat Mandible

Although bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively explored in bone tissue engineering, only few studies using mesenchymal stem cells from mandible (M-MSCs) have been reported. However, mesenchymal stem cells from mandible have the potential to be as effective as femur-derived mesenchymal stem cells (F-MSCs) in regenerating bone, especially in the orofacial regions, which share embryonic origin, proximity, and accessibility. M-MSCs were isolated and characterized using mesenchymal stem cell–specific markers, colony forming assay, and multi-potential differentiation. In vitro osteogenic potential, including proliferation, osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and mineralization, was examined and compared. Furthermore, in vivo bone formations of F-MSCs and M-MSCs in rat critical sized defect were evaluated using microCT and histology. M-MSCs from rat could be successfully isolated and expanded while preserving their MSC’s characteristics. M-MSCs demonstrated a comparable proliferation and mineralization potentials and in vivo bone formation as F-MSCs. M-MSCs is a promising cell source candidate for craniofacial bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Investigation into Apatite-forming Ability of Hydroxyapatite/Chitosan-based Scaffold

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tran Thanh Hoai ◽  
Nguyen Kim Nga
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Mineral Layer ◽  
Chitosan Scaffold ◽  
Apatite Mineral ◽  
Highly Porous

In this study, porous scaffolds were fabricated using inorganic material-hydroxyapatite and chitosan for bone-tissue engineering. The combination of hydroxyapatite and chitosan may result in increasing biocompatibility of the scaffolds. The scaffolds were prepared by solvent casting and paticulate leaching method. Bioactivity of the scaffolds was evaluated through in vitro experiments by soaking scaffold samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). The scaffolds obtained were highly porous and interconnected with a mean pore size of around 200µm and porosity about 79 %. The apatite-mineral layer was produced on the HAp/chitosan after 10 days of soaking in SBF, however, it was not observed on the chitosan scaffold after 10 days soaking. The results revealed that the HAp/chitosan scaffold showed better bioactivity than the chitosan scaffold. Keywords Scaffold, Chitosan, Apatite, SBF. In this study, porous scaffolds were fabricated using inorganic material-hydroxyapatite and chitosan for bone-tissue engineering. The combination of hydroxyapatite and chitosan may result in increasing biocompatibility of the scaffolds. The scaffolds were prepared by solvent casting and paticulate leaching method. Bioactivity of the scaffolds was evaluated through in vitro experiments by soaking scaffold samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). The scaffolds obtained were highly porous and interconnected with a mean pore size of around 200µm and porosity about 79 %. The apatite-mineral layer was produced on the HAp/chitosan after 10 days of soaking in SBF, however, it was not observed on the chitosan scaffold after 10 days soaking. The results revealed that the HAp/chitosan scaffold showed better bioactivity than the chitosan scaffold. Keywords: Scaffold, Chitosan, Apatite, SBF.   In this study, porous scaffolds were fabricated using inorganic material-hydroxyapatite and chitosan for bone-tissue engineering. The combination of hydroxyapatite and chitosan may result in increasing biocompatibility of the scaffolds. The scaffolds were prepared by solvent casting and paticulate leaching method. Bioactivity of the scaffolds was evaluated through in vitro experiments by soaking scaffold samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). The scaffolds obtained were highly porous and interconnected with a mean pore size of around 200µm and porosity about 79 %. The apatite-mineral layer was produced on the HAp/chitosan after 10 days of soaking in SBF, however, it was not observed on the chitosan scaffold after 10 days soaking. The results revealed that the HAp/chitosan scaffold showed better bioactivity than the chitosan scaffold. Keywords: Scaffold, Chitosan, Apatite, SBF. References [1] M.P. Bostrom, D.A. Seigerman, The clinical use of allografts, demineralized bone matrices, synthetic bone graft substitutes and osteoinductive growth factors: a survey study, Hss. Journal 1 (2005) 9-18. https://doi.org/10. 1007/s11420-005-0111-5.[2] T.T. Hoai, N.K Nga, L.T. Giang, T.Q. Huy, P.N.M. Tuan, B.T.T. Binh, Hydrothermal Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanorods for Rapid Formation of Bone-Like Mineralization, J. Electron. Mater. 46 (2017) 5064-5072. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5509-6.[3] M. Rinaudo, Chitin and chitosan: properties and applications, Prog. Polym. Sci. 31 (2006) 603-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006. 06.001.[4] N.K. Nga, H.D. Chinh, P.T.T Hong, T.Q. Huy, Facile chitosan films for high performance removal of reactive blue 19 dye from aqueous solution, J. Polym. Environ. 25 (2007) 146-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-016-0792-5.[5] M.N.V Ravi Kumar, R.A.A Muzzarelli, H. Sashiwa, A.J. Domb, Chitosan chemistry and pharmaceutical perspectives, Chem. Rev. 104 (2004) 6017-6084. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr03 0441b.[6] J.M. Karp, M.S. Shoichet, J.E. Davies, Bone formation on two‐dimensional poly (DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide)(PLGA) films and three‐dimensional PLGA tissue engineering scaffolds in vitro, J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 64 (2003) 388-396. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbm.a.10420.[7] J.F. Mano, R.L. Reis, Osteochondral defects: present situation and tissue engineering approaches, J. Tissue. Eng. Regen. Med. 1 (2007) 261-273. https://doi.org/10.1002/term.37. [8] A.G. Mikos, J.S. Temenoff, Formation of highly porous biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering, Electron. J. Biotechn. 3 (2000) 23-24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0717-3458200000 0200003.[9] W.W. Thein-Han, R.D.K Misra, Biomimetic chitosan–nanohydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering, Acta Biomater. 5 (2009) 1182–1197. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.actbio.2008.11.025.[10] Y. Zhang, J.R. Venugopal, A.E. Turki, S. Ramakrishna, B. Su, C.T. Lim, Electrospun biomimetic nanocomposite nanofibers of hydroxyapatite/chitosan for bone tissue engineering, Biomaterials 29 (2008) 4314–4322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.07.038.[11] B.X. Vương, Tổng hợp và đặc trưng vật liệu composite hydroxyapatite/chitosan ứng dụng trong kỹ thuật y sinh.,Tạp chí Khoa học ĐHQGHN: Khoa học Tự nhiên và Công nghệ Tập 34 (2018) 9-15. https://doi.org/10.25073/ 2588-1140/vnunst.4689.[12] N.K. Nga, T.T. Hoai, P.H. Viet, Biomimetic scaffolds based on hydroxyapatite nanorod/poly (D, L) lactic acid with their corresponding apatite-forming capability and biocompatibility for bone-tissue engineering, Colloids Surf. B Biointerf. 128 (2015) 506-514. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.colsurfb.2015.03.001.[13] N.K. Nga, L.T. Giang, T.Q. Huy, C. Migliaresi, Surfactant-assisted size control of hydroxyapatite nanorods for bone tissue engineering, Colloids Surf. B: Biointerf. 116 (2014) 666-673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.11.001.[14] C.R. Kothapalli, M.T. Shaw, M. Wei, Biodegradable HA-PLA 3-D porous scaffolds: effect of nano-sized filler content on scaffold properties, Acta Biomater. 1 (2005) 653-662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2005.06.005.[15] T. Kokubo, H. Takadama, How useful is SBF in predicting in vivo bone bioactivity?, Biomaterials 27 (2006) 2907-2915. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. biomaterials.2006.01.017[16] T.T. Hoai, N.K. Nga, Effect of pore architecture on osteoblast adhesion and proliferation on hydroxyapatite/poly (D, L) lactic acid-based bone scaffolds, J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 15 (2018) 1663-1671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13738-018-1365-4.        

Fabrication of Pentoxifylline-Loaded Hydroxyapatite/Alginate Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Maryam Shadravanan ◽  
Mona Latifi ◽  
Zahra Vojdani ◽  
Tahereh Talaei-Khozani
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Degradation Rates

Background: Hydroxyapatite (HAP), as a common biomaterial in bone tissue engineering, can be fabricated in combination with other osteogenic agents. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is demonstrated to have positive roles in bone defect healing. Since local administration can diminish the systemic side effects of the drug, the objectives of the current in vitro study were to find the effects of PTX on the osteoblast functions for tissue engineering applications. Methods: a HAP scaffold was fabricated by casting the HAP slurry within polyurethane foam. The scaffold was enriched with 5 mg/mL PTX. Alginate (Alg) was used as drug carrier to regulate the PTX releasing rate. MG-63 osteosarcoma cells were cultured on 3D scaffolds and 2D Alg films in the presence or absence of PTX. Results: PTX did not affect the cell viability, attachment and phenotype. Also, the ultrastructure of the scaffolds was not modified by PTX enrichment. Alizarin red S staining showed that PTX has no effect on calcium deposition. Besides, Raman confocal microscopy demonstrated an increase in the organic matrix formation including proline, valine and phenylalanine deposition (represented collagen). Although PTX increased the total protein secretion, it led to a decrease in the alkaline phosphatase activity and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) content. PTX reduced the hydration and degradation rates and it was released mainly at the first 24 hours of incubation. Conclusion: Based on our in vitro study, application of engineered PTX-loaded HAP scaffold in bone regeneration can act on behalf of organic matrix production, but not angiogenesis and mineralization.

scholarly journals Intrinsic Osteoinductivity of Porous Titanium Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Tamaddon ◽  
Sorousheh Samizadeh ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Gordon Blunn ◽  
Chaozong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Bone Ingrowth ◽  
Selective Laser Sintering ◽  
Porous Titanium ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Alizarin Red

Large bone defects and nonunions are serious complications that are caused by extensive trauma or tumour. As traditional therapies fail to repair these critical-sized defects, tissue engineering scaffolds can be used to regenerate the damaged tissue. Highly porous titanium scaffolds, produced by selective laser sintering with mechanical properties in range of trabecular bone (compressive strength 35 MPa and modulus 73 MPa), can be used in these orthopaedic applications, if a stable mechanical fixation is provided. Hydroxyapatite coatings are generally considered essential and/or beneficial for bone formation; however, debonding of the coatings is one of the main concerns. We hypothesised that the titanium scaffolds have an intrinsic potential to induce bone formation without the need for a hydroxyapatite coating. In this paper, titanium scaffolds coated with hydroxyapatite using electrochemical method were fabricated and osteoinductivity of coated and noncoated scaffolds was compared in vitro. Alizarin Red quantification confirmed osteogenesis independent of coating. Bone formation and ingrowth into the titanium scaffolds were evaluated in sheep stifle joints. The examinations after 3 months revealed 70% bone ingrowth into the scaffold confirming its osteoinductive capacity. It is shown that the developed titanium scaffold has an intrinsic capacity for bone formation and is a suitable scaffold for bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Osteogenic Differentiation Capacity of In Vitro Cultured Human Skeletal Muscle for Expedited Bone Tissue Engineering

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlei Miao ◽  
Lulu Zhou ◽  
Lufeng Tian ◽  
Yingjie Zhang ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mrna Levels

Expedited bone tissue engineering employs the biological stimuli to harness the intrinsic regenerative potential of skeletal muscle to trigger the reparative process in situ to improve or replace biological functions. When genetically modified with adenovirus mediated BMP2 gene transfer, muscle biopsies from animals have demonstrated success in regenerating bone within rat bony defects. However, it is uncertain whether the human adult skeletal muscle displays an osteogenic potential in vitro when a suitable biological trigger is applied. In present study, human skeletal muscle cultured in a standard osteogenic medium supplemented with dexamethasone demonstrated significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity approximately 24-fold over control at 2-week time point. More interestingly, measurement of mRNA levels revealed the dramatic results for osteoblast transcripts of alkaline phosphatase, bone sialoproteins, transcription factor CBFA1, collagen type I, and osteocalcin. Calcified mineral deposits were demonstrated on superficial layers of muscle discs after an extended 8-week osteogenic induction. Taken together, these are the first data supporting human skeletal muscle tissue as a promising potential target for expedited bone regeneration, which of the technologies is a valuable method for tissue repair, being not only effective but also inexpensive and clinically expeditious.

scholarly journals Comparing Three Different Three-dimensional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: An in vivo Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Nosouhian ◽  
Amin Davoudi ◽  
Mansour Rismanchian ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Razavi ◽  
Hamidreza Sadeghiyan
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Demineralized Bone Matrix ◽  
Bone Matrix ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lamellar Bone ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Introduction Three-dimensional Scaffold structure of synthetic biomaterials with their interconnected spaces seem to be a safe and effective option in supporting bone regeneration. The aim of this animal study was to compare the effectiveness of three different biocompatible scaffolds: bioglass (BG), demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and forstrite (FR). Materials and methods Four healthy dogs were anesthetized and the first to fourth premolars were extracted atraumatically in each quadrant. After healing, linear incision was prepared from molar to anterior segment and 4 defects in each quadrant (16 defects in each dog) were prepared. Scaffold blocks of BG, DBM and FR were resized according to size of defects and placed in the 12 defects randomly, 4 defects remained as control group. The dogs were sacrificed in 4 time intervals (15, 30, 45 and 60 days after) and the percentage of different types of regenerated bones (lamellar and woven) and connective tissue were recorded in histological process. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc using SPSS software Ver. 15 at significant level of 0.05. Results In day 30th, although the amount of regenerated lamellar bone in control, DBM and BG Scaffold (22.37 ± 3.44; 21.46 ± 1.96; 21.21 ± 0.96) were near to each, the FR Scaffold provided the highest amount of lamellar (29.71 ± 7.94) and woven bone (18.28 ± 2.35). Also, FR Scaffold showed significant difference with BG (p = 0.026) and DBM Scaffolds (p = 0.032) in regenerated lamellar bone. Conclusion We recommend paying more attention to FR Scaffold as a biomaterial, but it is better to be compared with other nano biomaterials in future studies. How to cite this article Rismanchian M, Nosouhian S, Razavi SM, Davoudi A, Sadeghiyan H. Comparing Three Different Threedimensional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering: An in vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(1):25-30.

scholarly journals Multifunctional 3D-Printed Magnetic Polycaprolactone/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3825
Author(s):  
Mauro Petretta ◽  
Alessandro Gambardella ◽  
Giovanna Desando ◽  
Carola Cavallo ◽  
Isabella Bartolotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Good Cell

Multifunctional and resistant 3D structures represent a great promise and a great challenge in bone tissue engineering. This study addresses this problem by employing polycaprolactone (PCL)-based scaffolds added with hydroxyapatite (HAp) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION), able to drive on demand the necessary cells and other bioagents for a high healing efficiency. PCL-HAp-SPION scaffolds with different concentrations of the superparamagnetic component were developed through the 3D-printing technology and the specific topographical features were detected by Atomic Force and Magnetic Force Microscopy (AFM-MFM). AFM-MFM measurements confirmed a homogenous distribution of HAp and SPION throughout the surface. The magnetically assisted seeding of cells in the scaffold resulted most efficient for the 1% SPION concentration, providing good cell entrapment and adhesion rates. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) seeded onto PCL-HAp-1% SPION showed a good cell proliferation and intrinsic osteogenic potential, indicating no toxic effects of the employed scaffold materials. The performed characterizations and the collected set of data point on the inherent osteogenic potential of the newly developed PCL-HAp-1% SPION scaffolds, endorsing them towards next steps of in vitro and in vivo studies and validations.

scholarly journals Biomechanical study of cellulose scaffolds for bone tissue engineering in vivo and in vitro.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Leblanc Latour ◽  
Maryam Tarar ◽  
Ryan J. Hickey ◽  
Charles M. Cuerrier ◽  
Isabelle Catelas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cell Invasion ◽  
Osteogenic Potential ◽  
Load Bearing

Plant-derived cellulose biomaterials have recently been utilized in several tissue engineering applications. These naturally-derived cellulose scaffolds have been shown to be highly biocompatible in vivo, possess structural features of relevance to several tissues, and support mammalian cell invasion and proliferation. Recent work utilizing decellularized apple hypanthium tissue has shown that it possesses a pore size similar to trabecular bone and can successfully host osteogenic differentiation. In the present study, we further examined the potential of apple-derived cellulose scaffolds for bone tissue engineering (BTE) and analyzed their mechanical properties in vitro and in vivo. MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts were seeded in cellulose scaffolds. Following chemically-induced osteogenic differentiation, scaffolds were evaluated for mineralization and for their mechanical properties. Alkaline phosphatase and Alizarin Red staining confirmed the osteogenic potential of the scaffolds. Histological analysis of the constructs revealed cell invasion and mineralization throughout the constructs. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy demonstrated the presence of mineral aggregates on the scaffolds after culture in differentiation medium, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy confirmed the presence of phosphate and calcium. However, although the Young′s modulus significantly increased after cell differentiation, it remained lower than that of healthy bone tissue. Interestingly, mechanical assessment of acellular scaffolds implanted in rat calvaria defects for 8 weeks revealed that the force required to push out the scaffolds from the surrounding bone was similar to that of native calvarial bone. In addition, cell infiltration and extracellular matrix deposition were visible within the implanted scaffolds. Overall, our results confirm that plant-derived cellulose is a promising candidate for BTE applications. However, the discrepancy in mechanical properties between the mineralized scaffolds and healthy bone tissue may limit their use to low load-bearing applications. Further structural re-engineering and optimization to improve the mechanical properties may be required for load-bearing applications.

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