scholarly journals Multi-Omics Strategies for Decoding Smoke-Assisted Germination Pathways and Seed Vigour

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7512
Author(s):  
Utpal Bose ◽  
Angéla Juhász ◽  
James A. Broadbent ◽  
Setsuko Komatsu ◽  
Michelle L. Colgrave
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Dynamic Expression ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Successful Establishment

The success of seed germination and the successful establishment of seedlings across diverse environmental conditions depends on seed vigour, which is of both economic and ecologic importance. The smoke-derived exogenous compound karrikins (KARs) and the endogenous plant hormone strigolactone (SL) are two classes of butanolide-containing molecules that follow highly similar signalling pathways to control diverse biological activities in plants. Unravelling the precise mode-of-action of these two classes of molecules in model species has been a key research objective. However, the specific and dynamic expression of biomolecules upon stimulation by these signalling molecules remains largely unknown. Genomic and post-genomic profiling approaches have enabled mining and association studies across the vast genetic diversity and phenotypic plasticity. Here, we review the background of smoke-assisted germination and vigour and the current knowledge of how plants perceive KAR and SL signalling and initiate the crosstalk with the germination-associated hormone pathways. The recent advancement of ‘multi-omics’ applications are discussed in the context of KAR signalling and with relevance to their adoption for superior agronomic trait development. The remaining challenges and future opportunities for integrating multi-omics datasets associated with their application in KAR-dependent seed germination and abiotic stress tolerance are also discussed.

Genome-wide Association Studies of Seed Germination Related Traits in Maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 672
Author(s):  
Run-Miao TIAN ◽  
Xue-Hai ZHANG ◽  
Ji-Hua TANG ◽  
Guang-Hong BAI ◽  
Zhi-Yuan FU
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide

Management of Dermatophytoses by Foliose Lichen; Heterodermia diademata (Taylor) D.D. Awasthi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
Anand Pandey ◽  
◽  
Awadhesh Kumar ◽  
Anupam Dikshit ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungicidal Activity ◽  
Trichophyton Rubrum ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Microsporum Gypseum ◽  
Superficial Infection ◽  
Recent Advancement ◽  
Secondary Substances ◽  
Foliose Lichen

Lichens are demarcated as an association of two distinct and dissimilar components; the mycobiont (a fungus) and the phycobionts (an alga) forming a composite organism. The recent advancement in science has paid much attention on the biological roles of lichen secondary substances; which are attributed with a lot of biological activities, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and antioxidant activities. The current research aims to unravel the fungicidal activity of lichen Heterodermia diademata, ethanolic extract (HDE) against prevalent superficial infection causing dermatophytes viz., Trichophyton rubrum, T. mentagrophytes, Microsporum gypseum and M. canis. The HDE was found active against M. gypseum and T. mentagrophytes with MIC; 1.68 and 1.98 mg/ml and mg/ml respectively. The dermatophytes were also analyzed by molecular phylogeny of chs-1 gene for variability in MIC and prediction of susceptible pathogens.

scholarly journals Melatonin in Cancer Treatment: Current Knowledge and Future Opportunities

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2506
Author(s):  
Wamidh H. Talib ◽  
Ahmad Riyad Alsayed ◽  
Alaa Abuawad ◽  
Safa Daoud ◽  
Asma Ismail Mahmod
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cell Proliferation Inhibition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Solid Foundation

Melatonin is a pleotropic molecule with numerous biological activities. Epidemiological and experimental studies have documented that melatonin could inhibit different types of cancer in vitro and in vivo. Results showed the involvement of melatonin in different anticancer mechanisms including apoptosis induction, cell proliferation inhibition, reduction in tumor growth and metastases, reduction in the side effects associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy, decreasing drug resistance in cancer therapy, and augmentation of the therapeutic effects of conventional anticancer therapies. Clinical trials revealed that melatonin is an effective adjuvant drug to all conventional therapies. This review summarized melatonin biosynthesis, availability from natural sources, metabolism, bioavailability, anticancer mechanisms of melatonin, its use in clinical trials, and pharmaceutical formulation. Studies discussed in this review will provide a solid foundation for researchers and physicians to design and develop new therapies to treat and prevent cancer using melatonin.

scholarly journals Suprabasin—A Review

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Miroslav Pribyl ◽  
Zdenek Hodny ◽  
Iva Kubikova
Keyword(s):  
Glioblastoma Multiforme ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Oesophageal Carcinoma ◽  
Secreted Proteins ◽  
Cornified Envelope ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Human Genes

Among the ~22,000 human genes, very few remain that have unknown functions. One such example is suprabasin (SBSN). Originally described as a component of the cornified envelope, the function of stratified epithelia-expressed SBSN is unknown. Both the lack of knowledge about the gene role under physiological conditions and the emerging link of SBSN to various human diseases, including cancer, attract research interest. The association of SBSN expression with poor prognosis of patients suffering from oesophageal carcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, and myelodysplastic syndromes suggests that SBSN may play a role in human tumourigenesis. Three SBSN isoforms code for the secreted proteins with putative function as signalling molecules, yet with poorly described effects. In this first review about SBSN, we summarised the current knowledge accumulated since its original description, and we discuss the potential mechanisms and roles of SBSN in both physiology and pathology.

scholarly journals New Horizons in the Genetic Etiology of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Lupus-Like Disease: Monogenic Lupus and Beyond

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Demirkaya ◽  
Sezgin Sahin ◽  
Micol Romano ◽  
Qing Zhou ◽  
Ivona Aksentijevich
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Degree Relative ◽  
Adult Age

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous autoimmune disease. The etiology of lupus and the contribution of genetic, environmental, infectious and hormonal factors to this phenotype have yet to be elucidated. The most straightforward approach to unravel the molecular pathogenesis of lupus may rely on studies of patients who present with early-onset severe phenotypes. Typically, they have at least one of the following clinical features: childhood onset of severe disease (<5 years), parental consanguinity, and presence of family history for autoimmune diseases in a first-degree relative. These patients account for a small proportion of patients with lupus but they inform considerable knowledge about cellular pathways contributing to this inflammatory phenotype. In recent years with the aid of new sequencing technologies, novel or rare pathogenic variants have been reported in over 30 genes predisposing to SLE and SLE-like diseases. Future studies will likely discover many more genes with private variants associated to lupus-like phenotypes. In addition, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a number of common alleles (SNPs), which increase the risk of developing lupus in adult age. Discovery of a possible shared immune pathway in SLE patients, either with rare or common variants, can provide important clues to better understand this complex disorder, it’s prognosis and can help guide new therapeutic approaches. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the clinical presentation, genetic diagnosis and mechanisms of disease in patents with lupus and lupus-related phenotypes.

scholarly journals Chemistry and Biology of Essential Oils of GenusBoswellia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Ahmed Al-Harrasi ◽  
Ahmed Al-Rawahi ◽  
Javid Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Explicit Consideration

The properties ofBoswelliaplants have been exploited for millennia in the traditional medicines of Africa, China, and especially in the Indian Ayurveda. In Western countries, the advent of synthetic drugs has obscured the pharmaceutical use ofBoswellia, until it was reported that an ethanolic extract exerts anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects. Frankincense was commonly used for medicinal purposes. This paper aims to provide an overview of current knowledge of the volatile constituents of frankincense, with explicit consideration concerning the diverseBoswelliaspecies. Altogether, more than 340 volatiles inBoswelliahave been reported in the literature. In particular, a broad diversity has been found in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles with respect to different varieties ofBoswellia. A detailed discussion of the various biological activities ofBoswelliafrankincense is also presented.

scholarly journals Host Genetics and Gut Microbiome: Perspectives for Multiple Sclerosis

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Alessandro Maglione ◽  
Miriam Zuccalà ◽  
Martina Tosi ◽  
Marinella Clerico ◽  
Simona Rolla
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Host Genetics

As a complex disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS)’s etiology is determined by both genetic and environmental factors. In the last decade, the gut microbiome has emerged as an important environmental factor, but its interaction with host genetics is still unknown. In this review, we focus on these dual aspects of MS pathogenesis: we describe the current knowledge on genetic factors related to MS, based on genome-wide association studies, and then illustrate the interactions between the immune system, gut microbiome and central nervous system in MS, summarizing the evidence available from Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis mouse models and studies in patients. Finally, as the understanding of influence of host genetics on the gut microbiome composition in MS is in its infancy, we explore this issue based on the evidence currently available from other autoimmune diseases that share with MS the interplay of genetic with environmental factors (Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus), and discuss avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Acid and Temperature Treatments Result in Increased Germination of Seeds of Three Fescue Species

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rade S. STANISAVLJEVIC ◽  
Savo M. VUCKOVIC ◽  
Aleksandar S. SIMIC ◽  
Jordan P. MARKOVIC ◽  
Zelijco P. LAKIC ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solution ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Festuca Rubra ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Successful Establishment ◽  
Seed Collecting

Efficient germination of fescue seeds is essential for successful establishment of meadows and pastures. This research was conducted to ascertain the effects of various acid and temperature treatments on seed germination in three fescue species: Festuca rubra, F. ovina, and F. pratensis. Seeds from different cultivars, populations, or lots were exposed either to four concentrations of sulfuric acid at three different time intervals (12 treatments) or six different temperatures at three different time intervals (18 treatments). Despite all belonging to the genus Festuca, the seed from different species responded differently to the treatments. The three optimum treatments for F. rubra seed involved soaking in a 75% solution of sulfuric acid for 20 minutes (improved the germination rate by 19%), soaking in a 50% solution of sulfuric acid for 30 minutes (improved the germination rate by 18%) and exposure to either 60°C or 70°C for 90 minutes (improved the germination rate by 17%). For F. ovina seed, optimal treatments included soaking seeds for either 10 or 20 minutes in a 50% sulfuric acid solution (both treatments improved germination rates by 13%) or exposing seeds for 30 minutes in a 25% sulfuric acid solution and 80°C for 60 minutes (improved germination rate by 12%). Two optimal treatments were identified for F. pratensis seed. Whereas the first involved soaking the seeds in a 75% sulfuric acid solution for 30 minutes (improved germination rates by 22%), the second involved either exposing the seeds to 90°C for 90 or 60 minutes, or exposing the seeds to 80°C for 90 minutes (improved germination rate by 21%). Our findings indicate that if fescue seed is to be sown during the autumn (two to three months after seed collecting), treating it with acid and temperature can significantly enhance its germination.

scholarly journals Variations in Essential Oil Chemical Composition and Biological Activities of Cryptomeria japonica (Thunb. ex L.f.) D. Don from Different Geographical Origins—A Critical Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11097
Author(s):  
Ana Lima ◽  
Filipe Arruda ◽  
Jorge Medeiros ◽  
José Baptista ◽  
João Madruga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Cryptomeria Japonica ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Forest Biomass ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Wood Processing ◽  
Social Environmental

The scientific community is paying increasing attention to plant waste valorization, and also to “greener” practices in the agriculture, food and cosmetic sectors. In this context, unused forest biomass (e.g., leaves, seed cones, branches/twigs, bark and sapwood) of Cryptomeria japonica, a commercially important tree throughout Asia and the Azores Archipelago (Portugal), is currently waste/by-products of wood processing that can be converted into eco-friendly and high added-value products, such as essential oils (EOs), with social, environmental and economic impacts. Plant-derived EOs are complex mixtures of metabolites, mostly terpenes and terpenoids, with valuable bioactivities (e.g., antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, neuroprotective, antidepressant, antimicrobial, antiviral and pesticide), which can find applications in several industries, such as pharmaceutical, medical, aromatherapy, food, cosmetic, perfumery, household and agrochemical (e.g., biopesticides), with manifold approaches. The EOs components are also of value for taxonomic investigations. It is known that the variation in EOs chemical composition and, consequently, in their biological activities and commercial use, is due to different exogenous and endogenous factors that can lead to ecotypes or chemotypes in the same plant species. The present paper aims to provide an overview of the chemical composition, biological properties and proposals of valorization of C. japonica EO from several countries, and also to indicate gaps in the current knowledge.

scholarly journals Current knowledge in hypertension genetics: mosaic theory, candidate genes and genome-wide association studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 490-500
Author(s):  
A. O. Konradi
Keyword(s):  
Candidate Genes ◽  
High Performance ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Modern Approach ◽  
Genome Wide

The article reviews monogenic forms of hypertension, data on the role of heredity of essential hypertension and candidate genes, as well as genome-wide association studies. Modern approach for the role of genetics is driven by implementation of new technologies and their productivity. High performance speed of new technologies like genome-wide association studies provide data for better knowledge of genetic markers of hypertension. The major goal nowadays for research is to reveal molecular pathways of blood pressure regulation, which can help to move from populational to individual level of understanding of pathogenesis and treatment targets.

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