scholarly journals Role of Glutaredoxin-1 and Glutathionylation in Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mannix Burns ◽  
Syed Husain Mustafa Rizvi ◽  
Yuko Tsukahara ◽  
David R. Pimentel ◽  
Ivan Luptak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Disulfide Bonds ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Disulfide Bridges ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia And Reperfusion ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Mixed Disulfide ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Structure Of Proteins

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide, and as rates continue to increase, discovering mechanisms and therapeutic targets become increasingly important. An underlying cause of most cardiovascular diseases is believed to be excess reactive oxygen or nitrogen species. Glutathione, the most abundant cellular antioxidant, plays an important role in the body’s reaction to oxidative stress by forming reversible disulfide bridges with a variety of proteins, termed glutathionylation (GSylation). GSylation can alter the activity, function, and structure of proteins, making it a major regulator of cellular processes. Glutathione-protein mixed disulfide bonds are regulated by glutaredoxins (Glrxs), thioltransferase members of the thioredoxin family. Glrxs reduce GSylated proteins and make them available for another redox signaling cycle. Glrxs and GSylation play an important role in cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia and reperfusion, cardiac hypertrophy, peripheral arterial disease, and atherosclerosis. This review primarily concerns the role of GSylation and Glrxs, particularly glutaredoxin-1 (Glrx), in cardiovascular diseases and the potential of Glrx as therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals What Is Currently the Role of TcPO2 in the Choice of the Amputation Level of Lower Limbs? A Comprehensive Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1413
Author(s):  
Judith Catella ◽  
Anne Long ◽  
Lucia Mazzolai
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Major Amputation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Limb Amputation ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Amputation Level ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Transcutaneous Oximetry ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Some patients still require major amputation for lower extremity peripheral arterial disease treatment. The purpose of pre-operative amputation level selection is to determine the most distal amputation site with the highest healing probability without re-amputation. Transcutaneous oximetry (TcPO2) can detect viable tissue with the highest probability of healing. Several factors affect the accuracy of TcPO2; nevertheless, surgeons rely on TcPO2 values to determine the optimal amputation level. Background about the development of TcPO2, methods of measurement, consequences of lower limb amputation level, and the place of TcPO2 in the choice of the amputation level are reviewed herein. Most of the retrospective studies indicated that calf TcPO2 values greater than 40 mmHg were associated with a high percentage of successful wound healing after below-knee-amputation, whereas values lower than 20 mmHg indicated an increased risk of unsuccessful healing. However, a consensus on the precise cut-off value of TcPO2 necessary to assure healing is missing. Ways of improvement for TcPO2 performance applied to the optimization of the amputation-level are reported herein. Further prospective data are needed to better approach a TcPO2 value that will promise an acceptable risk of re-amputation. Standardized TcPO2 measurement is crucial to ensure quality of data.

scholarly journals The Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Peripheral Arterial Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 3601
Author(s):  
Goren Saenz-Pipaon ◽  
Esther Martinez-Aguilar ◽  
Josune Orbe ◽  
Arantxa González Miqueo ◽  
Leopoldo Fernandez-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Thrombotic Occlusion ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) of the lower extremities is a chronic illness predominantly of atherosclerotic aetiology, associated to traditional cardiovascular (CV) risk factors. It is one of the most prevalent CV conditions worldwide in subjects >65 years, estimated to increase greatly with the aging of the population, becoming a severe socioeconomic problem in the future. The narrowing and thrombotic occlusion of the lower limb arteries impairs the walking function as the disease progresses, increasing the risk of CV events (myocardial infarction and stroke), amputation and death. Despite its poor prognosis, PAD patients are scarcely identified until the disease is advanced, highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers for PAD patient stratification, that might also contribute to define more personalized medical treatments. In this review, we will discuss the usefulness of inflammatory molecules, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and cardiac damage markers, as well as novel components of the liquid biopsy, extracellular vesicles (EVs), and non-coding RNAs for lower limb PAD identification, stratification, and outcome assessment. We will also explore the potential of machine learning methods to build prediction models to refine PAD assessment. In this line, the usefulness of multimarker approaches to evaluate this complex multifactorial disease will be also discussed.

The epidemiology of onychomycosis: possible role of smoking and peripheral arterial disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya K. Gupta ◽  
Madhulika A. Gupta ◽  
Richard C. Summerbell ◽  
Elizabeth A. Cooper ◽  
Nellie Konnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

scholarly journals Role of Disease Status and Type D Personality in Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 996-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelies E. Aquarius ◽  
Johan Denollet ◽  
Jaap F. Hamming ◽  
Jolanda De Vries
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Type D Personality ◽  
Type D ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Lipoprotein(a) as a unique primary risk factor for early atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. e243231
Author(s):  
John Mayo ◽  
Thomas Hoffman ◽  
Ryan Smith ◽  
Dwight Kellicut
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Early Screening ◽  
Lipoprotein A ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Primary Risk Factor

Elevated plasma lipoprotein(a) is a relatively common condition that contributes to many cardiovascular diseases. However, the awareness and testing for this condition remain low. Herein, we present a case of an otherwise healthy and active man who developed symptoms of peripheral arterial disease starting at age 49, and was found to have hyper-lipoprotein(a) as his only notable risk factor. Diagnosis was not made until years later, after an extensive workup. Upon further screening, he was also found to have subclinical coronary and carotid artery atherosclerotic disease. The patient was treated with aspirin, statin, niacin and angioplasty to bilateral superficial femoral arteries with good symptom resolution. Early screening of his son also revealed a similarly elevated lipoprotein(a) level. It is important to raise awareness of this condition and its relationship to early-onset peripheral arterial disease so patients and their families can be appropriately identified, counselled and treated.

scholarly journals A clinical and proteomics approach to predict the presence of obstructive peripheral arterial disease: From the Catheter Sampled Blood Archive in Cardiovascular Diseases (CASABLANCA) Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 903-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cian P. McCarthy ◽  
Nasrien E. Ibrahim ◽  
Roland R.J. van Kimmenade ◽  
Hanna K. Gaggin ◽  
Mandy L. Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Proteomics Approach ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

The role of intravascular ultrasound in lower limb revascularization in patients with peripheral arterial disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory C. Makris ◽  
Pavlina Chrysafi ◽  
Mark Little ◽  
Rafiuddin Patel ◽  
Mark Bratby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Intravascular Ultrasound ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Peripheral Arterial

Oral sirolimus for prevention of recurrent infrainguinal arterial obstructions after surgical and endovascular revascularizations

VASA ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keo ◽  
Do ◽  
Husmann ◽  
Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Rest Pain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Third ◽  
Neointimal Proliferation ◽  
Arterial Lesions ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Case Basis

No data are currently available on the role of oral sirolimus in the prevention of recurrent stenosis in the periphery. We report the effects of oral sirolimus in the prevention of recurrent infrainguinal obstructions in patients with complex peripheral arterial disease. Three patients with ischemic rest pain of the lower limbs and repeated short-term need for surgical and/or endovascular revascularization: 9 times within 12 months, 7 times within 15 months, 11 times within 26 months, respectively. Oral sirolimus on a case by case basis, resulted in less frequent restenosis and longer intervention-free intervals: three re-interventions within 37 months in the first patient, one balloon angioplasty within 17 months in the second, and three re-interventions within 21 months in the third patient, respectively. Side effects, in particular dyspepsia and diarrhoea, were mild and tolerable. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that oral sirolimus was successfully administered in patients with recurrent excessive neointimal proliferation after revascularization of peripheral arterial lesions lowering the necessity of re-intervention and hence prolonging intervention-free intervals.

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