scholarly journals Dengue Virus Infection of Aedes aegypti Alters Extracellular Vesicle Protein Cargo to Enhance Virus Transmission

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6609
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Gold ◽  
Fabiana Feitosa-Suntheimer ◽  
Ricardo V. Araujo ◽  
Ryan M. Hekman ◽  
Sultan Asad ◽  
...  

Dengue is the most burdensome vector-borne viral disease in the world. Dengue virus (DENV), the etiological cause of dengue, is transmitted primarily by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Like any arbovirus, the transmission cycle of dengue involves the complex interactions of a multitude of human and mosquito factors. One point during this transmission cycle that is rich in these interactions is the biting event by the mosquito, upon which its saliva is injected into the host. A number of components in mosquito saliva have been shown to play a pivotal role in the transmission of dengue, however one such component that is not as well characterized is extracellular vesicles. Here, using high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry, we show that dengue infection altered the protein cargo of Aedes aegypti extracellular vesicles, resulting in the packaging of proteins with infection-enhancing ability. Our results support the presence of an infection-dependent pro-viral protein packaging strategy that uses the differential packaging of pro-viral proteins in extracellular vesicles of Ae. aegypti saliva to promote transmission. These studies represent the first investigation into the function of Ae. aegypti extracellular vesicle cargo during dengue infection.

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7520
Author(s):  
Lucky R. Runtuwene ◽  
Shuichi Kawashima ◽  
Victor D. Pijoh ◽  
Josef S. B. Tuda ◽  
Kyoko Hayashida ◽  
...  

Efforts to determine the mosquito genes that affect dengue virus replication have identified a number of candidates that positively or negatively modify amplification in the invertebrate host. We used deep sequencing to compare the differential transcript abundances in Aedes aegypti 14 days post dengue infection to those of uninfected A. aegypti. The gene lethal(2)-essential-for-life [l(2)efl], which encodes a member of the heat shock 20 protein (HSP20) family, was upregulated following dengue virus type 2 (DENV-2) infection in vivo. The transcripts of this gene did not exhibit differential accumulation in mosquitoes exposed to insecticides or pollutants. The induction and overexpression of l(2)efl gene products using poly(I:C) resulted in decreased DENV-2 replication in the cell line. In contrast, the RNAi-mediated suppression of l(2)efl gene products resulted in enhanced DENV-2 replication, but this enhancement occurred only if multiple l(2)efl genes were suppressed. l(2)efl homologs induce the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and we confirmed this finding in the cell line. However, the mechanism by which l(2)efl phosphorylates eIF2α remains unclear. We conclude that l(2)efl encodes a potential anti-dengue protein in the vector mosquito.


2017 ◽  
Vol 115 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren B. Carrington ◽  
Bich Chau Nguyen Tran ◽  
Nhat Thanh Hoang Le ◽  
Tai Thi Hue Luong ◽  
Truong Thanh Nguyen ◽  
...  

The wMel strain of Wolbachia can reduce the permissiveness of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to disseminated arboviral infections. Here, we report that wMel-infected Ae. aegypti (Ho Chi Minh City background), when directly blood-fed on 141 viremic dengue patients, have lower dengue virus (DENV) transmission potential and have a longer extrinsic incubation period than their wild-type counterparts. The wMel-infected mosquitoes that are field-reared have even greater relative resistance to DENV infection when fed on patient-derived viremic blood meals. This is explained by an increased susceptibility of field-reared wild-type mosquitoes to infection than laboratory-reared counterparts. Collectively, these field- and clinically relevant findings support the continued careful field-testing of wMel introgression for the biocontrol of Ae. aegypti-born arboviruses.


Author(s):  
Andressa De Melo Jardim ◽  
Elis Lorenzetti ◽  
Fabíola Cristine De Almeida Rego Grecco

Nos últimos meses, em todo o mundo, tem-se falado muito em COVID-19, uma doença que ocasionou um surto na China e rapidamente espalhou-se pelo mundo, tendo se transformado em uma pandemia. Em meio a esse cenário, dentre diversas questões, foi levantada uma dúvida em relação à possibilidade de infecção e posterior transmissão dessa doença viral dos animais de companhia, mais especificamente, cães e gatos, para indivíduos destas mesmas espécies ou até mesmo para os humanos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo elucidar, de forma clara e objetiva, o que é a COVID-19, sua origem e comportamento do agente viral responsável pela doença, com o intuito de disseminar informações sobre a atual pandemia, além de esclarecer a real participação de cães e gatos no ciclo de transmissão do vírus. Para isso, artigos recentes sobre o assunto foram acessados, em plataformas tais como: PubMed, SciELO e Google Acadêmico, além de livros e documentos eletrônicos, os quais foram utilizados na obtenção das informações aqui descritas, a fim de atingir não apenas a comunidade científica, mas toda a sociedade. Apesar de haver evidências de infecção por SARS-CoV-2 em cães e gatos, a transmissão do vírus por meio desses animais para os seres humanos ainda não foi confirmada. É importante também ressaltar que devido à atual situação e ao caráter dinâmico da doença, novas questões podem ser levantadas, bem como confirmações ou exclusões de hipóteses no decorrer do tempo.   Palavras-chave: Coronavírus. SARS-CoV-2. Pandemia. Quarentena.   Abstract In the last few months, all over the world, much has been said about COVID-19, a disease that caused an outbreak in China and quickly spread around the world, becoming a pandemic. In this scenario, among several issues, a doubt was raised regarding the possibility of infection and subsequent transmission of this viral disease of  pets, more specifically, dogs and cats, to individuals of the same species or even to humans. This study aims to elucidate, in a clear and objective way, what is COVID-19, its origin and the viral agent behavior responsible for the disease, in order to disseminate information about the current pandemic, in addition to clarifying the actual participation of dogs and cats in the virus transmission cycle. Recent articles were accessed, on platforms such as: PubMed, SciELO, and Google Scholar, also books and electronic documents, which were used to obtain the information described herein, in order to reach not only the scientific community, but also the society. Although there is evidence of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and cats, the virus transmission through these animals to humans has not  been confirmed yet. It is also important to emphasize that, due to the current situation and its dynamic character, new questions can be raised, as well as confirmation or exclusion of hypotheses over time.   Keywords: Coronavirus. SARS-CoV-2. Pandemic. Quarantine.


2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Manuel Castillo-Méndez ◽  
Verónica Valverde-Garduño

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 167
Author(s):  
Andrew F van den Hurk

Dengue virus outbreaks involving 100s of cases periodically occur in north Queensland, the area of Australia where the primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, occurs. This article summarises the ecology, history, current situation and control of dengue virus transmission in Australia and examines the threat posed by newly emergent arboviruses, such as Zika and chikungunya viruses.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Cime-Castillo ◽  
Philippe Delannoy ◽  
Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández ◽  
Verónica Monroy-Martínez ◽  
Anne Harduin-Lepers ◽  
...  

Dengue fever (DF) is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease which affects humans. DF is caused by the four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes, which are transmitted to the host by the mosquitoAedes aegyptithat has key roles in DENV infection, replication, and viral transmission (vector competence). Mosquito saliva also plays an important role during DENV transmission. In this study, we detected the presence of sialic acid (Sia) inAedes aegyptitissues, which may have an important role during DENV-vector competence. We also identified genome sequences encoding enzymes involved in Sia pathways. The cDNA forAedes aegyptiCMP-Sia synthase (CSAS) was amplified, cloned, and functionally evaluated via the complementation of LEC29.Lec32 CSAS-deficient CHO cells.AedesCSAS-transfected LEC29.Lec32 cells were able to express Sia moieties on the cell surface. Sequences related toα-2,6-sialyltransferase were detected in theAedes aegyptigenome. Likewise, we identified Sia-α-2,6-DENV interactions in different mosquito tissues. In addition, we evaluated the possible role of sialylated molecules in a salivary gland extract during DENV internalization in mammalian cells. The knowledge of early DENV-host interactions could facilitate a better understanding of viral tropism and pathogenesis to allow the development of new strategies for controlling DENV transmission.


2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace Trovancia ◽  
Angle Sorisi ◽  
Josef S.B. Tuda

Abstract: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is an acute disease with clinical manifestations of hemorrhage caused by dengue virus infection. Manado is endemic dengue. Dengue virus has the ability to maintain its existence in nature through horizontal and vertical transmission. There are several ways to detect the dengue virus by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry Streptavidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex (ISBPC). This research aims to determine the wild Aedes aegypti population in Manado and to detect dengue virus in wild mosquito Aedes aegypti by ISBPC methods. This was a descriptive survey study with a cross sectional design to describe the transmission of dengue virus in wild mosquito Aedes aegypti in the city of Manado. The results showed that there were 5 wild Aedes aegypti mosquitoes positive for dengue virus, and 36 wild Aedes aegypti mosquitoes negative containing dengue virus. Conclusion: Of the 41 samples immunohistochemistry tested, 5 samples showed dengue virus transmission in wild mosquito Aedes aegypti in Manado which is a positive possibility of horizontal transmission.Keywords: detection of dengue virus, transmission, wild Aedes aegypti, Manado. Abstrak: Demam berdarah dengue adalah suatu penyakit akut dengan manifestasi klinis perdarahan yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus dengue. Manado merupakan daerah endemis demam berdarah. Virus dengue memiliki kemampuan untuk mempertahankan keberadaannya di alam melalui transmisi horizontal dan vertikal. Ada beberapa cara untuk mendeteksi virus dengue yaitu Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) dan imunohistokimia Streptavidin Biotin Peroxidase Complex (SBPC). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui populasi nyamuk wild Aedes aegypti di Kota Manado dan mendeteksi virus dengue pada nyamuk wild Aedes aegypti dewasa menggunakan metode imunohistokimia streptavidin biotin peroxidase complex (ISBPC). Jenis penelitian ialah survei deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang untuk mengetahui gambaran transmisi virus dengue pada nyamuk wild Aedes aegypti betina di Kota Manado. Hasil pene;itian mendapatkan 5 nyamuk wild Aedes aegypti positif mengandung virus dengue, dan 36 nyamuk wild Aedes aegypti negatif mengandung virus dengue. Simpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari 41 sampel yang telah diuji imunohistokimia, 5 sampel gambaran transmisi virus dengue pada nyamuk wild Aedes aegypti betina di Kota Manado yang kemungkinan transmisi horizontal adalah positif. Kata kunci: deteksi virus dengue, transmisi, wild Aedes aegypti, Manado.


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