scholarly journals Usefulness of Brain Positron Emission Tomography with Different Tracers in the Evaluation of Patients with Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalous

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6523
Author(s):  
Maria Vittoria Mattoli ◽  
Giorgio Treglia ◽  
Maria Lucia Calcagni ◽  
Annunziato Mangiola ◽  
Carmelo Anile ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Surgical Outcome ◽  
D2 Receptor ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
18F Fdg

Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is the only form of dementia that can be cured by surgery. Its diagnosis relies on clinical and radiological criteria. Identifying patients who can benefit from surgery is challenging, as other neurological diseases can be concomitant or mimic iNPH. We performed a systematic review on the role of positron emission tomography (PET) in iNPH. We retrieved 35 papers evaluating four main functional aspects with different PET radiotracers: (1) PET with amyloid tracers, revealing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology in 20–57% of suspected iNPH patients, could be useful in predictions of surgical outcome. (2) PET with radiolabeled water as perfusion tracer showed a global decreased cerebral blood flow (CBF) and regional reduction of CBF in basal ganglia in iNPH; preoperative perfusion parameters could predict surgical outcome. (3) PET with 2-Deoxy-2-[18F]fluoroglucose ([18F]FDG ) showed a global reduction of glucose metabolism without a specific cortical pattern and a hypometabolism in basal ganglia; [18F]FDG PET may identify a coexisting neurodegenerative disease, helping in patient selection for surgery; postsurgery increase in glucose metabolism was associated with clinical improvement. (4) Dopaminergic PET imaging showed a postsynaptic D2 receptor reduction and striatal upregulation of D2 receptor after treatment, associated with clinical improvement. Overall, PET imaging could be a useful tool in iNPH diagnoses and treatment response.

scholarly journals Quantitative Assessment of Glucose Transport in Human Skeletal Muscle: Dynamic Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of [O-Methyl-11C]3-O-Methyl-d-Glucose

2005 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 1752-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Bertoldo ◽  
Julie Price ◽  
Chet Mathis ◽  
Scott Mason ◽  
Daniel Holt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Human Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Infusion ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Dynamic Pet ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
18F Fdg

Insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle is regarded as a key determinant of insulin sensitivity, yet isolation of this step for quantification in human studies is a methodological challenge. One notable approach is physiological modeling of dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using 2-[18-fluoro]2-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG); however, this has a potential limitation in that deoxyglucose undergoes phosphorylation subsequent to transport, complicating separate estimations of these steps. In the current study we explored the use of dynamic PET imaging of [11C]3-O-methylglucose ([11C]3-OMG), a glucose analog that is limited to bidirectional glucose transport. Seventeen lean healthy volunteers with normal insulin sensitivity participated; eight had imaging during basal conditions, and nine had imaging during euglycemic insulin infusion at 30 mU/min·m2. Dynamic PET imaging of calf muscles was conducted for 90 min after the injection of [11C]3-OMG. Spectral analysis of tissue activity indicated that a model configuration of two reversible compartments gave the strongest statistical fit to the kinetic pattern. Accordingly, and consistent with the structure of a model previously used for [18F]FDG, a two-compartment model was applied. Consistent with prior [18F]FDG findings, insulin was found to have minimal effect on the rate constant for movement of [11C]3-OMG from plasma to tissue interstitium. However, during insulin infusion, a robust and highly significant increase was observed in the kinetics of inward glucose transport; this and the estimated tissue distribution volume for [11C]3-OMG increased 6-fold compared with basal conditions. We conclude that dynamic PET imaging of [11C]3-OMG offers a novel quantitative approach that is both chemically specific and tissue specific for in vivo assessment of glucose transport in human skeletal muscle.

scholarly journals Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Parkinson’s Disease

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.R.W. Martin ◽  
J.H. Beckman ◽  
D.B. Calne ◽  
M.J. Adam ◽  
R. Harrop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Basal Ganglia ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization ◽  
Positron Emission

ABSTRACTLocal cerebral glucose utilization was measured in patients with predominantly unilateral Parkinson’s disease using 18F-2-fluoro-deoxyglucose and positron emission tomography. Preliminary results indicate the presence of asymmetric metabolic rates in the inferior basal ganglia. The structure comprising the largest portion of basal ganglia at this level is globus pallidus. These findings are consistent with metabolic studies on animals with unilateral nigrostriatal lesions in which pallidal hypermetabolism on the lesioned side has been demonstrated. Increased pallidal activity is likely secondary to a loss of inhibitory dopaminergic input to the striatum from substantia nigra.

Thalamic glucose metabolism in temporal lobe epilepsy measured with 18F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET)

1997 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Khan ◽  
Klaus Leonhard Leenders ◽  
Marketa Hajek ◽  
Paul Maguire ◽  
Jack Missimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
18F Fdg

FDG and Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (S16) ◽  
pp. 21-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Mintun
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Glutamate Release ◽  
Synaptic Activity ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Neural Firing ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Excitatory Activity ◽  
The Brain

For over 20 years, researchers have used the tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. FDG PET imaging has been utilized to study the characteristic metabolic changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and as more molecular imaging tracers become available for human research, PET will likely assume many new roles for investigating more specific abnormalities, such as amyloid deposition, in the future.FDG is a glucose analog that images glucose metabolism and also illustrates neural firing. Different synapse activity, particularly excitatory activity from glutamate release, appears to change FDG uptake. AD will affect both brain infrastructure by decreasing the amount of cell bodies and synapses as well as decreasing synaptic activity, which are both changes that decrease the amount of FDG. AD is not a perfectly uniform process, and this is reflected by distinct progressive patterns of decreased FDG and decreased metabolism across different regions of the brain.FDG enters the brain via blood flow, and then into brain tissue by both diffusion and facilitated transport. Once it enters the glia and neurons, FDG can be phosphorylated, a step that is essentially irreversible, but then cannot be processed further by the cells, effectively trapping the FDG in situ. The amount of trapping that occurs in the brain over the first 10–20 minutes is very high and constitutes over 80% of the uptake. Thus, after the first 10–20 minutes uptake phase, a pattern of FDG emerges that mirrors the distribution of glucose metabolism in all subcortical and cortical structures.

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