scholarly journals Co-Occurrence of Hepatitis A Infection and Chronic Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6384
Author(s):  
Tatsuo Kanda ◽  
Reina Sasaki ◽  
Ryota Masuzaki ◽  
Hiroshi Takahashi ◽  
Taku Mizutani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver Damage ◽  
Acute Insult

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection occasionally leads to a critical condition in patients with or without chronic liver diseases. Acute-on-chronic liver disease includes acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) and non-ACLF. In this review, we searched the literature concerning the association between HAV infection and chronic liver diseases in PubMed. Chronic liver diseases, such as metabolic associated fatty liver disease and alcoholic liver disease, coinfection with other viruses, and host genetic factors may be associated with severe hepatitis A. It is important to understand these conditions and mechanisms. There may be no etiological correlation between liver failure and HAV infection, but there is an association between the level of chronic liver damage and the severity of acute-on-chronic liver disease. While the application of an HAV vaccination is important for preventing HAV infection, the development of antivirals against HAV may be important for preventing the development of ACLF with HAV infection as an acute insult. The latter is all the more urgent given that the lives of patients with HAV infection and a chronic liver disease of another etiology may be at immediate risk.

scholarly journals Etiological study of acute on chronic liver failure among patients admitted in medicine ward in Chittagong Medical College Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ummay Fatema Khatun ◽  
Abu Sayeed ◽  
Sk Md Bahar Hussain ◽  
Sujat Paul ◽  
Narjis Maliha Kawsar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College

Introduction: Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is defined as acute hepatic insult manifesting as jaundice and coagulopathy complicated within 4 weeks by ascites and/or encephalopathy in a patient with previously diagnosed or undiagnosed chronic liver disease. It has various etiology and manifestations, as well as high mortality. These etiologies vary depending on geographical region - from east to west. For example, infectious etiologies predominate in the east whereas alcohol and drugs constitute the majority of acute insults in west. In Asian region, reactivation of hepatitis B virus and superinfection with hepatitis E virus are more common among the infectious etiologies. Objective: As the incidence of chronic liver disease is increasing day by day and the etiology of acute decompensation of underlying chronic liver disease varies depending on geographical location, so it may be different in Bangladesh from other Asian countries. A very few studies have been published so far showing etiological prevalence of Acute on Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) in Bangladesh. This study has been conducted to address the etiology of ACLF in our perspective. Methods: A cross sectional longitudinal study carried out in the department of Medicine, Chittagong Medical College Hospital. Thirty patients admitted with ACLF as defined by Asia Pacific Association for Study of Liver Disease (APASL) were consecutively included. Detailed history, complete physical examination and laboratory investigations were done for each patient. 77 JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 9, No 2 (December) 2013 Results: From January 2009 to December 2009, among thirty patients 6 cases (20%) of ACLF was caused by HEV super infection followed by Sepsis (16.67%), variceal bleeding (13.33%) and hepatotoxic drugs (3.33%) respectively. Multiple factors were found in (16.67%) cases while no cause could be identified in (30%) cases. In our study common causes of chronic liver diseases were hepatitis B (50%), hepatitis C (26.67%) and alcohol (16.67%). Among thirty patients five died within forty eight hours of hospital admission. In hospital mortality was 16.67%. Conclusion: Acute on Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF) is one of the commonest causes of mortality, morbidity and socio-economic burden particularly in Bangladesh. Early detection and proper management of acute events that lead to ACLF would alleviate mortality and morbidity. However due to high treatment cost, proper management of chronic liver diseases as well as ACLF cannot be afforded by most people in our country. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i2.21837 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(2) 2013

scholarly journals Imaging Software-Based Sarcopenia Assessment in Gastroenterology: Evolution and Clinical Meaning

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Giovanni Marasco ◽  
Sinan Sadalla ◽  
Giulio Vara ◽  
Rita Golfieri ◽  
Davide Festi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Failure ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Failure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
Sectional Imaging

Sarcopenia is gaining attention as a negative prognostic factor in different fields of medicine, including chronic liver failure. However, the assessment of sarcopenia in patients with liver diseases is often neglected due to unawareness of reliable tools and methods and thus is limited to research studies. Cross-sectional imaging is a diffuse diagnostic tool and is commonly performed in patients with chronic liver failure. The last advancements in radiology image analysis using dedicated software allow an easy and standardized method to assess skeletal muscle volume. Several measures can be obtained from cross-sectional imaging analysis to evaluate sarcopenia in patients affected by chronic liver disease. We aimed to review the recent advances in imaging-based sarcopenia assessment, in particular in patients with chronic liver diseases. As a result, we found that the skeletal muscle index (SMI) seems to be a reliable method to assess sarcopenia in cirrhotic patients. Even if further studies are needed to validate proper cut-offs for each clinical endpoint, physicians are invited to consider the assessment of sarcopenia in the work-up of patients with chronic liver disease.

scholarly journals Increasing incidence of hepatitis A in Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Amin ◽  
LN Siddique ◽  
MA Slatter ◽  
KK Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
High Risk Population

Hepatitis A (HAV) infection is caused by the hepatitis A virus which is transmitted through the fecal-oral route. Life long protective antibodies are present after infection. The number of cases of adult hepatitis A has progressively been increasing during the last several decades in Bangladesh. In addition, the pattern of age-specific seroprevalence of anti-HAV has changed with economic growth. The prevalence of anti-HAV in 20-40 year age range has declined rapidly during the last 3 decades. As a result, this age groups has a high risk for HAV infection and clinically overt hepatitis A is increasing in adolescents and adult. The aim of the present study were to assess whether the proportion of adults with acute HAV infection has been increasing over the years and analyze the seroprevalence of immunoglobulin M(IgM) anti- HAV antibodies in young adults below the age of 20 years as well as in cases of chronic liver disease. Sera collected from 530 patients with acute and chronic liver disease attends the Somorita Hospital Ltd. during the previous 2 years and 6 months (Jan. 2008- Jun. 2010) were tested for various serological markers of acute and chronic hepatitis. In addition, 530 normal healthy attendants of the patients above the age of 20 years were tested for IgM anti-HAV as controls. Of 530 patients with acute hepatitis (13.42%) were positive for immunoglobulin M. The patients who were IgM anti-HAV negative were found to be hepatitis B (106 patients), hepatitis C, (10 patients), hepatitis E (150 patients) and unclassified (273 patients). Although the frequency of HAV infection among young adult (< 20 age) had increased (33.33% to 42.35%) in the 2 years and 6 months period, the frequency of HAV infection among adults had also increased (15.38% to 28.13%) during the same period. This study should be helpful for the identification of high risk population for vaccination of hepatitis A. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i3.13065 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(3), 309-312 2012

ASSESMENT OF FATIGUE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-53
Author(s):  
М.D. Golubeva ◽  
◽  
К.V. Darafeyeva ◽  
D.E. Danilau ◽  
D.V. Litvinchuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Assessment Scale ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Fatigue Assessment ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire ◽  
Disease Questionnaire

To determine the most sensitive questionnaire for the detection of fatigue in patients with chronic liver diseases, 61 patients with chronic liver diseases were inpatient treatment at the City Infectious Diseases Clinical were interviewed. And 72 relatively healthy responses were interviewed using Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire, the Short Form-36, the Fatigue Assessment Scale. The study was conducted between November 2019 and March 2020. The severity of fatigue and declining quality of life was correlated with the presence of chronic liver diseases, excess body weight, and female sex. The Short Form-36 questionnaire showed greater sensitivity for assessing fatigue in people with chronic liver diseases compared to the Chronic Liver Disease Questionnaire. The Fatigue Assessment Scale didn't reveal reliable differences between the groups being compared.

scholarly journals Emerging Need for Vaccination against Hepatitis A Virus in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease in Korea

2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Joo Song ◽  
Tae Hun Kim ◽  
Ji Hyun Song ◽  
Hee Jung Oh ◽  
Kum Hei Ryu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Chronic Liver

scholarly journals LncRNAs Act as a Link between Chronic Liver Disease and Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2883
Author(s):  
Young-Ah Kim ◽  
Kwan-Kyu Park ◽  
Sun-Jae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatic Fibrosis ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important contributors to the biological processes underlying the pathophysiology of various human diseases, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the involvement of these molecules in chronic liver diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and viral hepatitis, has only recently been considered in scientific research. While extensive studies on the pathogenesis of the development of HCC from hepatic fibrosis have been conducted, their regulatory molecular mechanisms are still only partially understood. The underlying mechanisms related to lncRNAs leading to HCC from chronic liver diseases and cirrhosis have not yet been entirely elucidated. Therefore, elucidating the functional roles of lncRNAs in chronic liver disease and HCC can contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms, and may help in developing novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC, as well as in preventing the progression of chronic liver disease to HCC. Here, we comprehensively review and briefly summarize some lncRNAs that participate in both hepatic fibrosis and HCC.

scholarly journals POS1385 AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH CHRONIC LIVER DISEASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 975.2-975
Author(s):  
N. Trad ◽  
G. Mohamed ◽  
B. Ben Slimen ◽  
K. Boughoula ◽  
S. Bizid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Autoimmune Diseases ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Primary Biliary Cholangitis ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Systematic Screening

Background:Chronic liver diseases whatever their etiologies could be associated with immunological disturbances.Objectives:Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and the characteristics of autoimmune diseases associated with chronic liver diseases.Methods:We performed a retrospective analysis of data from consecutive patients followed in our department for chronic liver diseases recruited from January 2010 to December 2019. Demographic, clinical, and paraclinical data were collected.Results:A total of 224 patients were included. The mean age was 61.02 ±13.2 years and the sex-ratio was 1.6. The main etiology of chronic liver diseases was viral infection C (32.1%) followed by viral infection B (22.8%) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (21.4%). The prevalence of autoimmune chronic liver diseases was 7.58%: autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in four cases, primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) in huit cases, primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) in three cases and overlap syndrome (AIH-PBC) in two cases. Autoimmune diseases were noted in 31 cases (13.9%): autoimmune hemolytic anemia in 15 cases, autoimmune thyroiditis in 12 cases, one case of psoriasis, one case of CREST syndrome, one case of Sjögren’s syndrome and one case of autoimmune thrombocytopenia. Autoimmune pathologies were more associated with autoimmune chronic liver disease than other causes of chronic liver disease (47% vs 11.1%, p <0.001). Autoimmune pathologies were not statistically associated with female gender (p = 0.085) or young age (p = 0.483).Conclusion:In our study, the prevalence of autoimmune diseases during chronic liver diseases was 13.9%. This prevalence was higher in the case of autoimmune chronic liver diseases (47%), which would underline the importance of systematic screening for clinical and biological immune manifestations in those patients.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Serum Biomarkers of Liver Fibrosis Staging in the Era of the Concept “Compensated Advanced Chronic Liver Disease”

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3340
Author(s):  
Koji Fujita ◽  
Tsutomu Masaki
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Fibrosis Staging ◽  
Severe Fibrosis

Non-invasive indexes of liver fibrosis based on blood examinations have been developed for decades, partially replacing liver biopsy examinations. Recently, the concept of liver cirrhosis was revised and converted to “compensated advanced chronic liver diseases” since the Baveno VI consensus statement in 2015. The term “compensated advanced chronic liver diseases” was established based on the premise that serum biomarkers were not able to differentiate cirrhosis from severe fibrosis. The difficulty to histologically distinguish cirrhosis from severe fibrosis had been pointed out in 1977, when the definition and nomenclatures of cirrhosis had been determined by the World Health Organization. That was decades before serum biomarkers available at present were investigated. Though we are accustomed to differentiating the fibrosis stage as stage 1, 2, 3 (severe fibrosis), and 4 (cirrhosis), differentiation of cirrhosis from severe fibrosis is difficult even by histopathological examination. The current review will provide readers a framework to revise how to apply serum biomarkers on liver fibrosis staging in an era of the concept of “compensated advanced chronic liver disease”.

scholarly journals Thrombin Generation in Chronic Liver Diseases—A Pilot Study

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 550
Author(s):  
Liliana Vecerzan ◽  
Ariela Olteanu ◽  
Ionela Maniu ◽  
Adrian Boicean ◽  
Călin Remus Cipăian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Chronic Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Thrombin Generation ◽  
Chronic Liver ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Coagulation Disorders ◽  
Chronic Liver Diseases ◽  
Control Subjects

The knowledge about coagulation disorders in patients with chronic liver disease changed in the last decade. The aim of this study was to analyze the parameters of thrombin generation in patients with chronic liver disease, as they are the most appropriate biomarkers to explore coagulation. (1) Background: The knowledge about coagulation disorders in patients with chronic liver disease changed in the last decade. The study of thrombin generation in patients with chronic liver disease provides a much more accurate assessment of the coagulation cascade; (2) Methods: This study is a prospective observational pilot study on hospitalized patients with chronic liver diseases that analyzed thrombin generation performed from their platelet-poor plasma versus that of control subjects. We analyzed a group of 59 patients with chronic liver disease and 62 control subjects; (3) Results: Thrombin generation was lower in hepatitis and cirrhosis patients compared to controls and decreases as the disease progressed. Lag time was higher in ethanolic etiology compared to the control group. Peak thrombin and endogenous thrombin potential were shorter in all etiologies when compared to the control group. The velocity index was significantly lower in HCV hepatopathies, ethanolic, and mixed etiology when compared with normal individuals; (4) Conclusions: Given the variability of thrombin generation in patients with chronic liver disease, its assay could serve to identify patients with high thrombotic and hemorrhagic risk and establish personalized conduct toward them.

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