scholarly journals Stimulus-Responsive Nanomedicines for Disease Diagnosis and Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gengqi Liu ◽  
Jonathan F. Lovell ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Yumiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Structure And Property ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
Activity Temperature ◽  
Theranostic Applications

Stimulus-responsive drug delivery systems generally aim to release the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in response to specific conditions and have recently been explored for disease treatments. These approaches can also be extended to molecular imaging to report on disease diagnosis and management. The stimuli used for activation are based on differences between the environment of the diseased or targeted sites, and normal tissues. Endogenous stimuli include pH, redox reactions, enzymatic activity, temperature and others. Exogenous site-specific stimuli include the use of magnetic fields, light, ultrasound and others. These endogenous or exogenous stimuli lead to structural changes or cleavage of the cargo carrier, leading to release of the API. A wide variety of stimulus-responsive systems have been developed—responsive to both a single stimulus or multiple stimuli—and represent a theranostic tool for disease treatment. In this review, stimuli commonly used in the development of theranostic nanoplatforms are enumerated. An emphasis on chemical structure and property relationships is provided, aiming to focus on insights for the design of stimulus-responsive delivery systems. Several examples of theranostic applications of these stimulus-responsive nanomedicines are discussed.

An Immunoradiometric Assay for Factor VIII Related Antigen (VIIIRAg) Using Two Monoclonal Antibodies-Comparison with Polyclonal Rabbit Antibodies for Use in von Willebrand’s Disease Diagnosis

1984 ◽  
Vol 52 (03) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Sultan ◽  
Ph Avner ◽  
P Maisonneuve ◽  
D Arnaud ◽  
Ch Jeanneau
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Immunoradiometric Assay ◽  
Von Willebrand's Disease ◽  
Von Willebrand’S Disease ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Antigenic Material ◽  
Von Willebrand

SummaryTwo monoclonal antibodies raised against FVIII/von Willebrand protein were used in an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) to measure this antigen in normal plasma and plasma of patients with different forms of von Willebrand’s disease. The first antibody, an IgG1 was used to coat polystyrene tubes, the second one, an IgG2a, iodinated and used in the second step. Both antibodies inhibit ristocetin induced platelet agglutination and react strongly with platelets, megacaryocytes and endothelial cells. The IRMA test using these antibodies showed greater sensitivity than that using rabbit polyclonal anti VIIIRAg antibodies. A good correlation between the two tests was nevertheless found when VIIIRAg was measured in the majority of patient’s plasma. However 5 patients from 3 different families showed more antigenic material in the rabbit antibody IRMA than in the monoclonal antibody IRMA. It is suggested therefore that the monoclonal antibodies identify part of the VIIIR:Ag molecule showing structural abnormalities in these vWd patients, these structural changes remaining undetected by the polyclonal antibodies.

scholarly journals Recent Advances in pH- or/and Photo-Responsive Nanovehicles

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 725
Author(s):  
Yuseon Shin ◽  
Patihul Husni ◽  
Kioh Kang ◽  
Dayoon Lee ◽  
Sehwa Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Design ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Tumor Targeting ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Controlled Delivery ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Stimulus Responsive ◽  
External Signals

The combination of nanotechnology and chemotherapy has resulted in more effective drug design via the development of nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems (DDSs) for tumor targeting. Stimulus-responsive DDSs in response to internal or external signals can offer precisely controlled delivery of preloaded therapeutics. Among the various DDSs, the photo-triggered system improves the efficacy and safety of treatment through spatiotemporal manipulation of light. Additionally, pH-induced delivery is one of the most widely studied strategies for targeting the acidic micro-environment of solid tumors. Accordingly, in this review, we discuss representative strategies for designing DDSs using light as an exogenous signal or pH as an endogenous trigger.

scholarly journals Polymeric Drug Delivery System Based on Pluronics for Cancer Treatment

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3610
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Huayu Qiu ◽  
Shouchun Yin ◽  
Hebin Wang ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Polymeric Drug Delivery ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Pluronic polymers (pluronics) are a unique class of synthetic triblock copolymers containing hydrophobic polypropylene oxide (PPO) and hydrophilic polyethylene oxide (PEO) arranged in the PEO-PPO-PEO manner. Due to their excellent biocompatibility and amphiphilic properties, pluronics are an ideal and promising biological material, which is widely used in drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and treatment, among other applications. Through self-assembly or in combination with other materials, pluronics can form nano carriers with different morphologies, representing a kind of multifunctional pharmaceutical excipients. In recent years, the utilization of pluronic-based multi-functional drug carriers in tumor treatment has become widespread, and various responsive drug carriers are designed according to the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, resulting in major progress in tumor therapy. This review introduces the specific role of pluronic-based polymer drug delivery systems in tumor therapy, focusing on their physical and chemical properties as well as the design aspects of pluronic polymers. Finally, using newer literature reports, this review provides insights into the future potential and challenges posed by different pluronic-based polymer drug delivery systems in tumor therapy.

USING A FUZZY ENGINE AND COMPLETE SET OF FEATURES FOR HEPATIC DISEASES DIAGNOSIS: INTEGRATING CONTRAST AND NON-CONTRAST CT IMAGES

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
E-LIANG CHEN ◽  
YI-NUNG CHUNG ◽  
PAU-CHOO CHUNG ◽  
HORNG-MING TSAI ◽  
YI-SHIUAN HUANG
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Liver Cyst ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Hepatic Diseases ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Contrast Ct ◽  
Fuzzy Diagnosis

In the diagnosis of hepatic diseases, “Contrast-Enhanced Computerized Tomography” (CECT) and “Non-Contrast CT” (NCT) are usually simultaneously adopted. In this paper, a system consisting of a fuzzy diagnosis engine and a feature quantizer, which extracts hepatic features from CECT and NCT images, is proposed for assisting hepatic disease diagnosis. Compared with existing methods, this paper differs in two folds. First, a more complete feature set composed of not only lesion textures, but also lesion morphological structure and lesion contrast to normal tissues is used. These features are described through mathematical models built inside the feature quantizer and served as the input of fuzzy diagnosis engine. Second, because of the use of the fuzzy diagnosis engine, the system is intrinsically with the capability of storing rules and may infer and adapt its rules according to learning data. Furthermore, uncertainty associated with disease diagnosis can be appropriately taken into considerations. The system has been tested using 131 sets of image data, which are to be classified into 4 types of diseases: liver cyst, hepatoma, cavernous hemagioma and metastatic liver tumor. Experimental results indicate that among these test data 78% of them are accurately classified as one type, while the remaining 22% of data are classified as more than one types of diseases. Even so, within these 22% of multiple-classified data, the correct type is always included in the output in each test, showing a promise of the system.

Diagnosis and management of COPD in primary care

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 350-355
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Mycroft ◽  
Katarzyna Górska
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Disease Treatment ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Significant Health

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a significant health problem. However, a large proportion of cases remain undiagnosed. Early diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease leads to earlier treatment initiation, and in consequence, to improvement of patients quality of life. The gold standard for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease diagnosis is spirometry and the presence of irreversible obstruction after a bronchodilator. One of the most important interventions in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is anti-smoking education. The main group of drugs used in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treatment are the long-acting bronchodilators.

Recent Progress in Stimuli Responsive Intelligent Nano Scale Drug Delivery Systems: A special focus towards pH sensitive systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaidevi Sethuraman ◽  
Kumar Janakiraman ◽  
Venkateshwaran Krishnaswami ◽  
Ruckmani Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Ph Sensitive ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Ph Variation ◽  
Responsive Systems

Abstract: Stimuli responsive nanocarriers are gaining much attention due to its versatile multifunctional activities including disease diagnosis and treatment. Recently, clinical applications of nano drug delivery systems for cancer treatment make a considerable challenge due to its limited cellular uptake, low bioavailability, poor targetability, stability issues, and unfavourable pharmacokinetics. To overcome these issues researchers are focussing on stimuli responsive systems. Nano carriers elicit its role through endogenous (pH, temperature, enzyme and redox) or exogenous (temperature, light, magnetic field, ultrasound) stimulus. These systems were designed to overcome the shortcomings such as non-specificity and toxicity associated with the conventional drug delivery systems. The pH variation between healthy cells and tumor microenvironment creates a platform towards the generation of pH sensitive nano delivery systems. Herein, we propose to present an overview of various internal and external stimuli responsive behavior based drug delivery systems. Herein the present review will focus specifically on the significance of various pH- responsive nanomaterials such as polymeric nanoparticles, nano micelles, inorganic based pH sensitive drug delivery carriers such as calcium phosphate nanoparticles, and carbon dots in cancer treatment. Moreover, this review elaborates the recent findings on pH based stimuli responsive drug delivery system with special emphasis towards our reported stimuli responsive systems for cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Targeted Gene Delivery Therapies for Cervical Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela Áyen ◽  
Yaiza Jiménez Martínez ◽  
Houria Boulaiz
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Gene Delivery ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Gynecological Malignancy ◽  
Targeted Gene Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Normal Tissues ◽  
Multiple Strategies ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Altered Gene

Despite being largely preventable through early vaccination and screening strategies, cervical cancer is the most common type of gynecological malignancy worldwide and constitutes one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women. Patients with advanced or recurrent disease have a very poor prognosis; hence, novel therapeutic modalities to improve clinical outcomes in cervical malignancy are needed. In this regard, targeted gene delivery therapy is presented as a promising approach, which leads to the development of multiple strategies focused on different aspects. These range from altered gene restoration, immune system potentiation, and oncolytic virotherapy to the use of nanotechnology and the design of improved and enhanced gene delivery systems, among others. In the present manuscript, we review the current progress made in targeted gene delivery therapy for cervical cancer, the advantages and drawbacks and their clinical application. At present, multiple targeted gene delivery systems have been reported with encouraging preclinical results. However, the translation to humans has not yet shown a significant clinical benefit due principally to the lack of efficient vectors. Real efforts are being made to develop new gene delivery systems, to improve tumor targeting and to minimize toxicity in normal tissues.

Photo-triggerable liposomal drug delivery systems: from simple porphyrin insertion in the lipid bilayer towards supramolecular assemblies of lipid–porphyrin conjugates

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1805-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Massiot ◽  
Véronique Rosilio ◽  
Ali Makky
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Lipid Bilayer ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Supramolecular Assemblies ◽  
Liposomal Drug ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Nanoparticulate Systems ◽  
Liposomal Drug Delivery

Light-responsive liposomes are considered nowadays as one of the most promising nanoparticulate systems for the delivery and release of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in a spatio-temporal manner.

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