scholarly journals The Key Role of MicroRNAs in Self-Renewal and Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6285
Author(s):  
Giuseppina Divisato ◽  
Fabiana Passaro ◽  
Tommaso Russo ◽  
Silvia Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Epiblast Stem Cells

Naïve pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) represent distinctive developmental stages, mimicking the pre- and the post-implantation events during the embryo development, respectively. The complex molecular mechanisms governing the transition from ESCs into EpiSCs are orchestrated by fluctuating levels of pluripotency transcription factors (Nanog, Oct4, etc.) and wide-ranging remodeling of the epigenetic landscape. Recent studies highlighted the pivotal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in balancing the switch from self-renewal to differentiation of ESCs. Of note, evidence deriving from miRNA-based reprogramming strategies underscores the role of the non-coding RNAs in the induction and maintenance of the stemness properties. In this review, we revised recent studies concerning the functions mediated by miRNAs in ESCs, with the aim of giving a comprehensive view of the highly dynamic miRNA-mediated tuning, essential to guarantee cell cycle progression, pluripotency maintenance and the proper commitment of ESCs.

scholarly journals B-MYB Is Essential for Normal Cell Cycle Progression and Chromosomal Stability of Embryonic Stem Cells

PLoS ONE ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. e2478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirill V. Tarasov ◽  
Yelena S. Tarasova ◽  
Wai Leong Tam ◽  
Daniel R. Riordon ◽  
Steven T. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Normal Cell ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Chromosomal Stability ◽  
Normal Cell Cycle

scholarly journals BRPF3-HUWE1-mediated regulation of MYST2 is required for differentiation and cell-cycle progression in embryonic stem cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 3273-3288
Author(s):  
Hye In Cho ◽  
Min Seong Kim ◽  
Jina Lee ◽  
Byong Chul Yoo ◽  
Kyung Hee Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Histone Acetyltransferase ◽  
Embryoid Body ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Cycle Progression

AbstractBrpf-histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complexes have important roles in embryonic development and regulating differentiation in ESCs. Among Brpf family, Brpf3 is a scaffold protein of Myst2 histone acetyltransferase complex that plays crucial roles in gene regulation, DNA replication, development as well as maintaining pluripotency in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, its biological functions in ESCs are not elucidated. In this study, we find out that Brpf3 protein level is critical for Myst2 stability and E3 ligase Huwe1 functions as a novel negative regulator of Myst2 via ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Importantly, Brpf3 plays an antagonistic role in Huwe1-mediated degradation of Myst2, suggesting that protein–protein interaction between Brpf3 and Myst2 is required for retaining Myst2 stability. Further, Brpf3 overexpression causes the aberrant upregulation of Myst2 protein levels which in turn induces the dysregulated cell-cycle progression and also delay of early embryonic development processes such as embryoid-body formation and lineage commitment of mouse ESCs. The Brpf3 overexpression-induced phenotypes can be reverted by Huwe1 overexpression. Together, these results may provide novel insights into understanding the functions of Brpf3 in proper differentiation as well as cell-cycle progression of ESCs via regulation of Myst2 stability by obstructing Huwe1-mediated ubiquitination. In addition, we suggest that this is a useful report which sheds light on the function of an unknown gene in ESC field.

scholarly journals Identification of a large protein network involved in epigenetic transmission in replicating DNA of embryonic stem cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 6972-6986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergi Aranda ◽  
Dorothea Rutishauser ◽  
Patrik Ernfors
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Protein Network ◽  
Nurd Complex ◽  
Large Protein ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Replication Sites ◽  
Tumour Cell Lines

Abstract Pluripotency of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is maintained by transcriptional activities and chromatin modifying complexes highly organized within the chromatin. Although much effort has been focused on identifying genome-binding sites, little is known on their dynamic association with chromatin across cell divisions. Here, we used a modified version of the iPOND (isolation of proteins at nascent DNA) technology to identify a large protein network enriched at nascent DNA in ESCs. This comprehensive and unbiased proteomic characterization in ESCs reveals that, in addition to the core replication machinery, proteins relevant for pluripotency of ESCs are present at DNA replication sites. In particular, we show that the chromatin remodeller HDAC1–NuRD complex is enriched at nascent DNA. Interestingly, an acute block of HDAC1 in ESCs leads to increased acetylation of histone H3 lysine 9 at nascent DNA together with a concomitant loss of methylation. Consistently, in contrast to what has been described in tumour cell lines, these chromatin marks were found to be stable during cell cycle progression of ESCs. Our results are therefore compatible with a rapid deacetylation-coupled methylation mechanism during the replication of DNA in ESCs that may participate in the preservation of pluripotency of ESCs during replication.

New Proteomic Insights on the Role of NPR-A in Regulating Self-Renewal of Embryonic Stem Cells

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameh Magdeldin ◽  
Tadashi Yamamoto ◽  
Ikuo Tooyama ◽  
Essam M. Abdelalim
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Self Renewal

scholarly journals The role of Ca2+ signaling on the self-renewal and neural differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ESCs)

Cell Calcium ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 67-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baixia Hao ◽  
Sarah E. Webb ◽  
Andrew L. Miller ◽  
Jianbo Yue
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Differentiation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Renewal

TRPV3 Channel Negatively Regulates Cell Cycle Progression and Safeguards the Pluripotency of Embryonic Stem Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 231 (2) ◽  
pp. 403-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iek Chi Lo ◽  
Hing Chung Chan ◽  
Zenghua Qi ◽  
Kwun Lam Ng ◽  
Chun So ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cycle Progression
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