scholarly journals In Vivo Optical Reporter-Gene-Based Imaging of Macrophage Infiltration of DNCB-Induced Atopic Dermatitis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6205
Author(s):  
Sang Bong Lee ◽  
Hyeonsoo Park ◽  
Jae-Eon Lee ◽  
Kil-Soo Kim ◽  
Yong Hyun Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Immunocompetent Mice

This study was conducted to monitor the macrophage infiltration of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like skin lesions and to evaluate the effects of anti-AD therapeutic agents in immunocompetent mice via optical reporter-gene-based molecular imaging. The enhanced firefly luciferase (effluc)-expressing macrophage cell line (Raw264.7/effluc) was intravenously introduced into mice with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-induced AD, followed by bioluminescent imaging (BLI). After in vivo imaging, AD-like skin lesions were excised, and ex vivo imaging and Western blotting were conducted to determine the presence of infused macrophages. Finally, the therapeutic effect of dexamethasone (DEX), an AD-modulating agent, was evaluated via macrophage tracking. In vivo imaging with BLI revealed the migration of the reporter macrophages to DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions on day 1 post-transfer. The greatest recruitment was observed on day 3, and a decline in BLI signal was observed on day 14. Notably, in vivo BLI clearly showed the inhibition of the reporter macrophage infiltration of DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions by DEX, which was consistent with the reduced AD symptoms observed in DEX-treated mice. We successfully visualized the macrophage migration to DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions, proving the feasibility of macrophage imaging for evaluating AD-regulating drugs in living organisms.

A Small Animal In Vivo Imaging Model of Expanded vs. Unexpanded UCB Stem Cells Reveals Differential Patterns of Engraftment.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 1191-1191
Author(s):  
David Steiner ◽  
Simon N. Robinson ◽  
William K. Decker ◽  
Frank C. Marini ◽  
Elizabeth J. Shpall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Pathologic Evaluation ◽  
Imaging Model ◽  
Cd34 Cells

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Use of HLA-mismatched umbilical cord blood (UCB) allows transplant of patients who lack related HLA identical or matched unrelated donors. A major disadvantage of UCB is the limited number of stem cells available within the graft, a contributor to delayed engraftment, especially in adults. Two strategies have been adopted clinically in an attempt to overcome this barrier. 1. ex vivo expansion of some or all of critical graft subfractions; 2. transplantation of two different UCB grafts. These two strategies are not mutually exclusive and are also sometimes used in combination. Little is known about the basic biology that underlies the differential migration and homing of the graft components. To study the biology of complex UCB transplants, we have developed a small animal in vivo imaging model. METHODS: CD34-selected UCB cells were transduced overnight with a lentiviral construct consisting of GFP or a firefly luciferase/GFP fusion. After 24 hours, SCF, FLT3, G-CSF, and thrombopoietin were added and the cells were cultured for 3 to 8 days. All cultured cells were then injected into non-lethally irradiated, immunocompetent mice (NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγ − /−). Transduced cells were tracked weekly by bioluminescent imaging. RESULTS: On culture day 3, >99% of cells remained CD34+ and no expansion was observed. After expansion in culture between days 3 and 8, 19% +/− 18.5% of transduced cells were GFP+CD45+ (n= 8). Cells cultured for three days (non-expanded) (3-11x105 CD34+ cells/3-8.6x104 GFP+) were able to create a detectable engraftment signal by post-transplant day 8. The engraftment signal was delayed until day 10 when an 8-fold excess of the expanded cultured cells (4.2x106 total consisting of 1.21x106 CD34+ cells/2.3x105 GFP+ and 6.51x105 CD34-GFP+ cells) were injected. Long term engraftment (>30 days) was unaffected by expansion in culture. However, expanded UCB exhibited a differential pattern of homing and engraftment in comparison to unexpanded UCB. Mice receiving unexpanded UCB exhibited a strong engraftment signal from the area of the calvarium in addition to signals from other marrow spaces. The calvarium signal was only weakly and intermittently observed among mice who received the expanded UCB graft. Pathologic evaluation of these areas is in progress. CONCLUSIONS: 1. Expanded cells were capable of supporting engraftment, though at a slower rate than their unexpanded counterparts. This delay might ultimately be addressed through the optimization of the expansion technique. 2. The physiologic significance of the differential engraftment pattern(s) is unclear and will require further study. Figure Figure

Traditional Herbal Medicines, Newer Herbs and Other Novel Approaches Integrated in Herbal Medicine for Atopic Dermatitis-A Narrative Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-208
Author(s):  
Pravin Kumar ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Sharma ◽  
Mahendra Singh Ashawat
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Biological Drugs ◽  
Alternative Treatment Option

Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a prolonged reverting skin ailment with characteristically distributed skin lesions. In the previous decades, researchers had shown a marked interest in AD due to its increased prevalence in developed countries. Although different strategies including biological and immune modulators are available for the treatment of AD, each has certain limitations. The researchers had shown considerable interest in the management of AD with herbal medicines. The establishment of herbal drugs for AD might eliminate local as well as systemic adverse effects associated with long term use of corticosteroids and also higher cost of therapy with biological drugs. The present review discusses the traditional East Asian herbal medicines and scientific data related to newer herbal extracts or compositions for the treatment of AD. In vivo animal models and in vitro cell cultures, investigated with herbal medicines to establish a possible role in AD treatment, have also been discussed in the paper. The paper also highlights the role of certain new approaches, i.e. pharmacopuncture, a combination of allopathic and herbal medicines; and novel carriers (liposomes, cubosomes) for herbal drugs on atopic skin. In conclusion, herbal medicines can be a better and safe, complementary and alternative treatment option for AD.

scholarly journals GFP-Aequorin Protein Sensor for Ex Vivo and In Vivo Imaging of Ca 2+ Dynamics in High-Ca 2+ Organelles

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 738-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paloma Navas-Navarro ◽  
Jonathan Rojo-Ruiz ◽  
Macarena Rodriguez-Prados ◽  
María Dolores Ganfornina ◽  
Loren L. Looger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Protein Sensor

scholarly journals Ex Vivo and In Vivo Imaging and Biodistribution of Aptamers Targeting the Human Matrix MetalloProtease-9 in Melanomas

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. e0149387 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Kryza ◽  
Frédéric Debordeaux ◽  
Laurent Azéma ◽  
Aref Hassan ◽  
Olivier Paurelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Matrix Metalloprotease

scholarly journals In vivo analysis of the myosin heavy chain IIB promoter region

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. C681-C687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Swoap
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Luciferase Activity ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Firefly Luciferase ◽  
Renilla Luciferase ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Mhc Iib

The myosin heavy chain (MHC) IIB gene is preferentially expressed in fast-twitch muscles of the hindlimb, such as the tibialis anterior (TA). The molecular mechanism(s) for this preferential expression are unknown. The goals of the current study were 1) to determine whether the cloned region of the MHC IIB promoter contains the necessary cis-acting element(s) to drive fiber-type-specific expression of this gene in vivo, 2) to determine which region within the promoter is responsible for fiber-type-specific expression, and 3) to determine whether transcription off of the cloned region of the MHC IIB promoter accurately mimics endogenous gene expression in a muscle undergoing a fiber-type transition. To accomplish these goals, a 2.6-kilobase fragment of the promoter-enhancer region of the MHC IIB gene was cloned upstream of the firefly luciferase reporter gene and coinjected with pRL-cytomegalovirus (CMV) (CMV promoter driving the renilla luciferase reporter) into the TA and the slow soleus muscle. Firefly luciferase activity relative to renilla luciferase activity within the TA was 35-fold greater than within the soleus. Deletional analysis demonstrated that only the proximal 295 base pairs (pGL3IIB0.3) were required to maintain this muscle-fiber-type specificity. Reporter gene expression of pGL3IIB0.3 construct was significantly upregulated twofold in unweighted soleus muscles compared with normal soleus muscles. Thus the region within the proximal 295 base pairs of the MHC IIB gene contains at least one element that can drive fiber-type-specific expression of a reporter gene.

Ex vivo measurement of tissue distribution of a nitroxide radical after intravenous injection and its in vivo imaging using a rapid scan ESR-CT system

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Togashi ◽  
Taku Matsuo ◽  
Haruhide Shinzawa ◽  
Yoshio Takeda ◽  
Li Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Distribution ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Nitroxide Radical ◽  
Rapid Scan ◽  
Ct System

scholarly journals In Vivo Imaging of Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors in Mouse Lungs: A Biomarker of Inflammation

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 7290.2005.05133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Hardwick ◽  
Ming-Kai Chen ◽  
Kwamena Baidoo ◽  
Martin G. Pomper ◽  
Tomás R. Guilarte
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Benzodiazepine Receptors ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Small Animal Pet ◽  
Planar Imaging ◽  
Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors

The ability to visualize the immune response with radioligands targeted to immune cells will enhance our understanding of cellular responses in inflammatory diseases. Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors (PBR) are present in monocytes and neutrophils as well as in lung tissue. We used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a model of inflammation to assess whether the PBR could be used as a noninvasive marker of inflammation in the lungs. Planar imaging of mice administrated 10 or 30 mg/kg LPS showed increased [123I]-( R)-PK11195 radioactivity in the thorax 2 days after LPS treatment relative to control. Following imaging, lungs from control and LPS-treated mice were harvested for ex vivo gamma counting and showed significantly increased radioactivity above control levels. The specificity of the PBR response was determined using a blocking dose of nonradioactive PK11195 given 30 min prior to radiotracer injection. Static planar images of the thorax of nonradioactive PK11195 pretreated animals showed a significantly lower level of radiotracer accumulation in control and in LPS-treated animals ( p < .05). These data show that LPS induces specific increases in PBR ligand binding in the lungs. We also used in vivo small-animal PET studies to demonstrate increased [11C]-( R)-PK11195 accumulation in the lungs of LPS-treated mice. This study suggests that measuring PBR expression using in vivo imaging techniques may be a useful biomarker to image lung inflammation.

Abstract 1767: Feasibility of In Vivo Cardiac Stem Cell Tracking, by SPECT and PET Imaging, Using the Sodium-iodide Symporter as Reporter Gene

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Terrovitis ◽  
Keng Fai Kwok ◽  
Riikka Läutamaki ◽  
James M Engles ◽  
Andreas S Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Cell Tracking ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Cell Labeling ◽  
Sodium Iodide Symporter ◽  
Cell Injection

Background. Stem cells offer the promise of cardiac repair. Stem cell labeling is a prerequisite to tracking cell fate in vivo . Aim. To develop a reporter gene that permits in vivo stem cell labeling. We examined the sodium-iodide symporter (NIS), a protein that is not expressed in the heart, but promotes cellular uptake of 99m Tc or 124 I, thus permitting cell tracking by SPECT or PET imaging, respectively. Methods. The human NIS gene ( h NIS) was expressed in rat cardiac derived stem cells (rCDCs) using lentivirus driven by the CAG or CMV promoter. NIS function in transduced cells was confirmed by in vitro 99m Tc uptake. Eleven rats were injected with 1 or 2 million rCDCs intramyocardially immediately after LAD ligation; 6 with CMV-NIS and 5 with CAG-NIS cells. Dual isotope SPECT imaging was performed on a small animal SPECT/CT system, using 99m Tc for cell detection and 201 Tl for myocardial delineation, 24 hrs after cell injection. PET was performed on a small animal PET scanner using 124 I for cell tracking and 13 NH 3 for myocardial delineation, 48hrs after cell injection. Contrast Ratio (CR) was defined as [(signal in the cells)-(signal in blood pool)]/signal in blood pool. High resolution ex vivo SPECT scans of explanted hearts (n=3) were obtained to confirm that in vivo signal was derived from the cell injection site. The presence of h NIS mRNA was confirmed in injected hearts after animal sacrifice (n=2), by real-time RT-PCR. Results. NIS expression in rCDCs did not affect cell viability/proliferation (p=0.718, ctr vs NIS). In vitro 99m Tc uptake was 6.0±0.9% vs 0.07±0.05, without and with perchlorate (specific NIS blocker), respectively. NIS-transduced rCDCs were easily visualized as spots of 99m Tc or 124 I uptake within a perfusion deficit in the SPECT and PET images. CR was considerably higher when cells were transduced by the CMV-NIS virus in comparison to the CAG-NIS virus (70±40% vs 28±29%, p=0.085). Ex vivo small animal SPECT imaging confirmed that in vivo 99m Tc signals were localized to the injection sites. PCR confirmed the presence of h NIS mRNA in injected hearts. Conclusion. NIS expression allows non invasive in vivo stem cell tracking in the myocardium, using both SPECT and PET. This reporter gene has great potential for translation in future clinical applications.

In vivo imaging of insulin‐secreting human pancreatic ductal cells using MRI reporter gene technique: A feasibility study

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 763-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menq‐Rong Wu ◽  
Jong‐Kai Hsiao ◽  
Hon‐Man Liu ◽  
Yi‐You Huang ◽  
Yu‐Jui Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reporter Gene ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
In Vivo Imaging ◽  
Ductal Cells ◽  
Pancreatic Ductal Cells
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