Potential Associations Among Alteration of Salivary miRNAs, Saliva Microbiome Structure, and Cognitive Impairments in Autistic Children

Marco Ragusa; Maria Santagati; Federica Mirabella; Giovanni Lauretta; Matilde Cirnigliaro; Duilia Brex; Cristina Barbagallo; Carla Noemi Domini; Mariangela Gulisano; Rita Barone; Laura Trovato; Salvatore Oliveri; Gino Mongelli; Ambra Spitale; Davide Barbagallo; Cinzia Di Pietro; Stefania Stefani; Renata Rizzo; Michele Purrello

doi:10.3390/ijms21176203

Potential Associations Among Alteration of Salivary miRNAs, Saliva Microbiome Structure, and Cognitive Impairments in Autistic Children

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21176203 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (17) ◽

pp. 6203 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marco Ragusa ◽

Maria Santagati ◽

Federica Mirabella ◽

Giovanni Lauretta ◽

Matilde Cirnigliaro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Autistic Spectrum Disorder ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Microbiome Analysis ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Unaffected Control ◽

Mirna Expression Profiling ◽

Nanostring Technology ◽

Saliva Composition ◽

Validation Experiments

Recent evidence has demonstrated that salivary molecules, as well as bacterial populations, can be perturbed by several pathological conditions, including neuro-psychiatric diseases. This relationship between brain functionality and saliva composition could be exploited to unveil new pathological mechanisms of elusive diseases, such as Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We performed a combined approach of miRNA expression profiling by NanoString technology, followed by validation experiments in qPCR, and 16S rRNA microbiome analysis on saliva from 53 ASD and 27 neurologically unaffected control (NUC) children. MiR-29a-3p and miR-141-3p were upregulated, while miR-16-5p, let-7b-5p, and miR-451a were downregulated in ASD compared to NUCs. Microbiome analysis on the same subjects revealed that Rothia, Filifactor, Actinobacillus, Weeksellaceae, Ralstonia, Pasteurellaceae, and Aggregatibacter increased their abundance in ASD patients, while Tannerella, Moryella and TM7-3 decreased. Variations of both miRNAs and microbes were statistically associated to different neuropsychological scores related to anomalies in social interaction and communication. Among miRNA/bacteria associations, the most relevant was the negative correlation between salivary miR-141-3p expression and Tannerella abundance. MiRNA and microbiome dysregulations found in the saliva of ASD children are potentially associated with cognitive impairments of the subjects. Furthermore, a potential cross-talking between circulating miRNAs and resident bacteria could occur in saliva of ASD.

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Tu1722 Small Intestinal Microbiota of Colonic IBD Patients May Give Rise to an Altered Gut Microenvironment Enabling Selective Enrichment of Bacterial Populations: Implications of Microbiome Analysis on Ileal Effluent

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1016/s0016-5085(13)63086-3 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 144 (5) ◽

pp. S-830-S-831

Author(s):

Toru Kono ◽

Mitsue Nishiyama ◽

Atsushi Kaneko ◽

Masahiro Yamamoto ◽

Nobuhiro Ueno ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

Bacterial Populations ◽

Selective Enrichment ◽

Microbiome Analysis ◽

Small Intestinal

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Morphological and elemental analysis of isolated incubated frog retina-choroid

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100111604 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 42 ◽

pp. 298-299

Author(s):

B. J. Panessa-Warren ◽

J. B. Warren ◽

H. W. Kraner

Keyword(s):

Elemental Analysis ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Human Retina ◽

Healthy Individuals ◽

Anterior Portion ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Frog Retina ◽

Isolated Retina ◽

Vertebrate Eye ◽

Retina Pigment Epithelium

Our previous studies have demonstrated that abnormally high amounts of calcium (Ca) and zinc (Zn) can be accumulated in human retina-choroid under pathological conditions and that barium (Ba), which was not detected in the eyes of healthy individuals, is deposited in the retina pigment epithelium (RPE), and to a lesser extent in the sensory retina and iris. In an attempt to understand how these cations can be accumulated in the vertebrate eye, a morphological and microanalytical study of the uptake and loss of specific cations (K, Ca,Ba,Zn) was undertaken with incubated Rana catesbiana isolated retina and RPE preparations. Large frogs (650-800 gms) were dark adapted, guillotined and their eyes enucleated in deep ruby light. The eyes were hemisected behind the ora serrata and the anterior portion of the eye removed. The eyecup was bisected along the plane of the optic disc and the two segments of retina peeled away from the RPE and incubated.

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An Ultrastructural Study of the Proliferation Patterns of the Reserve Cells of the Human Cervix Uteri

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100093651 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 80-81

Author(s):

Takanori Sohda ◽

Hiroshi Saito ◽

Goro Asano ◽

Katsunari Fukushi ◽

Katsuya Suzuki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ultrastructural Study ◽

Age Groups ◽

Point Of View ◽

University Hospital ◽

Cervix Uteri ◽

Morphological Aspect ◽

Functional Aspect ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Human Cervix ◽

Morphological Patterns

Recently, the functional aspect as well as morphological aspect of the reserve cells in the cervix uteri drew much attention in view of the carcinogenesis in squamocolumunar junction. In this communication, the authors elucidate the ultrastructural features of the reserve cells in patients of various age groups visiting our university hospital and affiliated hospital.From conventional light microscopic point of view, the reserve cells tend to be pronounced in various pathological conditions, such as the persisting inflammation, proliferative disorders and irritation of hormones. The morphological patterns of the reserve cells from various stage and degree of irritation were observed.

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Surface Ultrastructure of Human Ectocervix in Certain Pathological Conditions

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119636 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 570-571

Author(s):

S. Mukherjee ◽

T. Guha ◽

B. Chakrabarti ◽

P. Chakrabarti

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Marked Reduction ◽

Squamous Epithelium ◽

Malignant Tumour ◽

Surface Ultrastructure ◽

Normal Tissues ◽

Pathological Conditions ◽

Hexagonal Shape ◽

Columnar Cells ◽

Scanning Electron

The cervix is an important organ in reproduction. Its malfunction is frequently a factor for infertility. Ectocervix region does not appear to have received much attention although many studies have been reported on the endocervix. We report here our SEM observations on ectocervix in certain pathological conditions compared to normal ectocervix.Ectocervix specimens from human females with specific pathological disorders were processed for Scanning Electron Microscopy by conventional method and they were examined in a Philips SEM.The normal ectocervix is lined by flat layer of squamous epithelial cells with microridges (Fig. 1). These cells are known to be formed from columnar cells through metaplastic transformation. The cells of carcinoma-bearing ectocervix show a disorganised appearance (Fig. 2). In non-malignant tumour surface some cuboidal and few columnar cells were seen (Fig. 3). A cyst appears like an overgrowth on the surface of the squamous epithelium (Fig. 4). In ulcerated ectocervix a marked reduction of epithelial cells are observed (Fig. 5); the cells are devoid of microridges and, the large polygonal cells, as observed in normal tissues, have somehow acquired comparatively small hexagonal shape

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Case Studies for Telepractice in AAC

Perspectives on Augmentative and Alternative Communication ◽

10.1044/aac23.1.42 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 42-54 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tanya Rose Curtis

Keyword(s):

Service Delivery ◽

Case Studies ◽

Eye Gaze ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Perceived Barriers ◽

Computer Experience ◽

Access Methods ◽

Complex Communication Needs ◽

Barriers To Service ◽

Communication Needs

As the field of telepractice grows, perceived barriers to service delivery must be anticipated and addressed in order to provide appropriate service delivery to individuals who will benefit from this model. When applying telepractice to the field of AAC, additional barriers are encountered when clients with complex communication needs are unable to speak, often present with severe quadriplegia and are unable to position themselves or access the computer independently, and/or may have cognitive impairments and limited computer experience. Some access methods, such as eye gaze, can also present technological challenges in the telepractice environment. These barriers can be overcome, and telepractice is not only practical and effective, but often a preferred means of service delivery for persons with complex communication needs.

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