scholarly journals Metabolic Engineering of the Native Monoterpene Pathway in Spearmint for Production of Heterologous Monoterpenes Reveals Complex Metabolism and Pathway Interactions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6164
Author(s):  
Chunhong Li ◽  
Sreelatha Sarangapani ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Kumar Nadimuthu ◽  
Rajani Sarojam
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Terpene Synthases ◽  
Phenolic Metabolites ◽  
Geraniol Synthase ◽  
Limonene Synthase ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Cananga Odorata

Spearmint produces and stores large amounts of monoterpenes, mainly limonene and carvone, in glandular trichomes and is the major natural source of these compounds. Towards producing heterologous monoterpenes in spearmint, we first reduced the flux into the native limonene pathway by knocking down the expression of limonene synthase (MsLS) by RNAi method. The MsLS RNAi lines exhibited a huge reduction in the synthesis of limonene and carvone. Detailed GC-MS and LC-MS analysis revealed that MsLS RNAi plants also showed an increase in sesquiterpene, phytosterols, fatty acids, flavonoids, and phenolic metabolites, suggesting an interaction between the MEP, MVA shikimate and fatty acid pathways in spearmint. Three different heterologous monoterpene synthases namely, linalool synthase and myrcene synthase from Picea abies and geraniol synthase from Cananga odorata were cloned and introduced independently into the MsLS RNAi mutant background. The expression of these heterologous terpene synthases resulted mainly in production of monoterpene derivatives. Of all the introduced monoterpenes geraniol showed the maximum number of derivatives. Our results provide new insights into MEP pathway interactions and regulation and reveals the existence of mechanisms for complex metabolism of monoterpenes in spearmint.

scholarly journals Fatty acid biosynthesis revisited: structure elucidation and metabolic engineering

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Beld ◽  
D. John Lee ◽  
Michael D. Burkart
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Primary Metabolites ◽  
Biosynthetic Machinery

Fatty acids are primary metabolites synthesized by complex, elegant, and essential biosynthetic machinery.

Biosynthetic utilization of photoreactive fatty acids by rat liver microsomes

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Leblanc ◽  
Gerhard E. Gerber
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Alkyl Chain ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Rat Liver Microsomes ◽  
Phospholipid Synthesis ◽  
Derivatives Of

The photoreactive ω-diazirinophenoxy derivatives of nonanoate, undecanoate, tridecanoate, and pentadecanoate were shown to be activated by rat liver microsomes to the corresponding acyl-CoA derivatives. The Km and Vmax for these fatty acid analogues were determined; the values obtained indicate that the addition of a photoreactive group to an alkyl chain has an effect similar to that of elongation of the chain by about seven carbons. Incubation of microsomes in the presence of lysophospholipids resulted in the incorporation of the photoreactive fatty acids into the corresponding phospholipids. The ability of mammalian systems to utilize these photoreactive fatty acids for phospholipid synthesis establishes their suitability as photoaffinity analogues of fatty acids.

EPTC Effects on Sicklepod Petiolar Fatty Acids

Weed Science ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Wilkinson ◽  
W. S. Hardcastle
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Herbicide Concentration ◽  
Cuticle Thickness ◽  
Derivatives Of

Total petiolar fatty acid content of sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL.) treated with 0, 0.14, 0.28, 0.56, 1.12, 2.24, or 4.48 kg/haS-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Neither total petiole fatty acid content nor percentages of the various 53 identified constituents changed in relation to herbicide application. Isostearate (17.5%), stearate (5.7%), oleate (5.7%), linolate (9.8%), and arachidate (8.2%) accounted for 46.9% of the total petiole fatty acid content. Anteiso derivatives of C15to C31were identified and quantitated at concentrations of 0.25 to 2.00%. Petiole cuticle thickness decreased 35% as herbicide concentration increased to 4.48 kg/ha.

scholarly journals Protection of nitro-fatty acid against kidney diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (8) ◽  
pp. F697-F704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weidong Wang ◽  
Chunling Li ◽  
Tianxin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Nitrative Stress ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Nitrated Fatty Acid

Nitrated derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids are endogenously formed under oxidative and nitrative stress condition and are defined as electrophilic fatty acids containing a nitro group to a carbon-carbon double bond. Among the most studied nitro derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids are nitro-oleic acid (OA-NO2) and nitro-linoleic acid (LNO2). These products exhibit novel protective actions in a variety of rodent disease models. Diverse signaling events are responsible for effects of nitrated fatty acid, including activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-dependent gene expression, suppressing NF-κB-induced inflammation, inhibiting oxidative stress, and increasing both endothelial nitric oxide synthase- and Nrf2-dependent gene regulation. Nitrated fatty acids have been emerging not only as a unique class of signaling molecules produced endogenously and but also as multipotent modulators of cell signaling pathways in cardiovascular and renal diseases. In this review, we discuss biochemical properties of nitrated fatty acid and its signaling pathways in the modulation of cellular events. A major focus is to review recent knowledge of nitrated fatty acid on the treatment of kidney diseases and its therapeutic potential for inflammation and metabolic disorders, with special emphasis on acute kidney injury and diabetic kidney disease.

scholarly journals Fatty acid epoxidation by Collariella virescens peroxygenase and heme-channel variants

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 717-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro González-Benjumea ◽  
Juan Carro ◽  
Chantal Renau-Mínguez ◽  
Dolores Linde ◽  
Elena Fernández-Fueyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Derivatives Of

A new unspecific peroxygenase (UPO) generating a variety of epoxidized derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids has been discovered and engineered by heterologous expression of a putative upo gene.

scholarly journals COMPOSITION OF FATTY ACIDS AND THE LEVEL OF THEIR METABOLITES AT PARTIALLY CONTROLLED BRONCHIAL ASTHMA AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF INTEGRATED TREATMENT WITH THE USE OF MILLIMETER THERAPY

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (69) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Татьяна Новгородцева ◽  
Tatyana Novgorodtseva ◽  
Кира Ходосова ◽  
Kira Khodosova ◽  
Татьяна Гвозденко ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Integrated Treatment ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Basic Medical

To assess the anti-inflammatory effect of millimeter therapy in the treatment of partially controlled asthma, the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membranes and their oxygenase derivatives were studied. Eighty-five subjects aged 18 to 45 years old were examined, 60 of them were diagnosed with partially controlled asthma and 25 were a control group, which consisted of conditionally healthy subjects without bronchopulmonary pathology. Two study groups were formed. Patients of the 1st group (n=30) received only basic medical treatment: inhalation glucocorticosteroid and β2-agonists of short action on demand. Patients of the 2nd group (n=30) underwent complex treatment: basic medical treatment in combination with millimeter therapy according to the developed technique. Clinical symptoms (frequency of nocturnal and daily asthma attacks per week, severity of cough, need for short-acting bronchodilators during the day), results of the asthma symptom control questionnaire (ACQ-5 test), lung function, composition of fatty acid (FA) in erythrocyte membranes, level of eicosanoids were assessed. The dynamics of clinical-functional and laboratory indicators in patients was evaluated one month after the start of treatment. The study established a modification of FA erythrocyte membranes composition, characterized by an increase in the proportion of some representatives of saturated and monounsaturated FA, increased production of arachidonic acid and its cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolites (thromboxane B2, leukotriene B4) against the background of deficiency of eicosapentaenoic and docosapentaenoic acids. A significant decrease in the level of oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids in the blood plasma of patients was revealed against the background of positive dynamics of clinical course of the disease in the 2nd group receiving complex treatment, which indicates the normalization of metabolic transformations of oxygenated derivatives of fatty acids, and as a consequence the extinction of allergic inflammation under the influence of electromagnetic waves of the millimeter range of extremely high frequency.

scholarly journals Functional analysis of the fatty acid and alcohol metabolism of Pseudomonas putida using RB-TnSeq

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell G. Thompson ◽  
Matthew R. Incha ◽  
Allison N. Pearson ◽  
Matthias Schmidt ◽  
William A. Sharpless ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Alcohol Metabolism ◽  
Initial Oxidation ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Substrate Preferences

ABSTRACTWith its ability to catabolize a wide variety of carbon sources and a growing engineering toolkit, Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is emerging as an important chassis organism for metabolic engineering. Despite advances in our understanding of this organism, many gaps remain in our knowledge of the genetic basis of its metabolic capabilities. These gaps are particularly noticeable in our understanding of both fatty acid and alcohol catabolism, where many paralogs putatively coding for similar enzymes co-exist making biochemical assignment via sequence homology difficult. To rapidly assign function to the enzymes responsible for these metabolisms, we leveraged Random Barcode Transposon Sequencing (RB-TnSeq). Global fitness analyses of transposon libraries grown on 13 fatty acids and 10 alcohols produced strong phenotypes for hundreds of genes. Fitness data from mutant pools grown on varying chain length fatty acids indicated specific enzyme substrate preferences, and enabled us to hypothesize that DUF1302/DUF1329 family proteins potentially function as esterases. From the data we also postulate catabolic routes for the two biogasoline molecules isoprenol and isopentanol, which are catabolized via leucine metabolism after initial oxidation and activation with CoA. Because fatty acids and alcohols may serve as both feedstocks or final products of metabolic engineering efforts, the fitness data presented here will help guide future genomic modifications towards higher titers, rates, and yields.IMPORTANCETo engineer novel metabolic pathways into P. putida, a comprehensive understanding of the genetic basis of its versatile metabolism is essential. Here we provide functional evidence for the putative roles of hundreds of genes involved in the fatty acid and alcohol metabolism of this bacterium. These data provide a framework facilitating precise genetic changes to prevent product degradation and channel the flux of specific pathway intermediates as desired.

scholarly journals Gas chromatographic characterization of mycobacteria: analysis of fatty acids and trifluoroacetylated whole-cell methanolysates

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
L Larsson ◽  
P A Mårdh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Chromatographic Characterization ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Potential Tool

Mycobacterium avium, M. bovis strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), M. kansasii, and M. tuberculosis were studied by gas-liquid chromatography. Methylated fatty acids of the mycobacterial lipids and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatives of whole-cell methanolysates were analyzed. Both the fatty acid and the TFA chromatograms showed reproducible differences between the various mycobacteria studied. Chromatograms from different strains of one and the same species showed negligible differences. Fatty acid methyl esters and TFA methyl glycosides are probably the main constituents of the TFA chromatograms. TFA derivatives are easily prepared and the method provides a potential tool for species indentification of mycobacteria.

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