scholarly journals Global Quantitative Proteomics Studies Revealed Tissue-Preferential Expression and Phosphorylation of Regulatory Proteins in Arabidopsis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 6116
Author(s):  
Jianan Lu ◽  
Ying Fu ◽  
Mengyu Li ◽  
Shuangshuang Wang ◽  
Jingya Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Preferential Expression ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Phosphorylated Proteins ◽  
Stage 1

Organogenesis in plants occurs across all stages of the life cycle. Although previous studies have identified many genes as important for either vegetative or reproductive development at the RNA level, global information on translational and post-translational levels remains limited. In this study, six Arabidopsis stages/organs were analyzed using quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics, identifying 2187 non-redundant proteins and evidence for 1194 phosphoproteins. Compared to the expression observed in cauline leaves, the expression of 1445, 1644, and 1377 proteins showed greater than 1.5-fold alterations in stage 1–9 flowers, stage 10–12 flowers, and open flowers, respectively. Among these, 294 phosphoproteins with 472 phosphorylation sites were newly uncovered, including 275 phosphoproteins showing differential expression patterns, providing molecular markers and possible candidates for functional studies. Proteins encoded by genes preferentially expressed in anther (15), meiocyte (4), or pollen (15) were enriched in reproductive organs, and mutants of two anther-preferentially expressed proteins, acos5 and mee48, showed obviously reduced male fertility with abnormally organized pollen exine. In addition, more phosphorylated proteins were identified in reproductive stages (1149) than in the vegetative organs (995). The floral organ-preferential phosphorylation of GRP17, CDC2/CDKA.1, and ATSK11 was confirmed with western blot analysis. Moreover, phosphorylation levels of CDPK6 and MAPK6 and their interacting proteins were elevated in reproductive tissues. Overall, our study yielded extensive data on protein expression and phosphorylation at six stages/organs and provides an important resource for future studies investigating the regulatory mechanisms governing plant development.

scholarly journals Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of SWEET gene family in Litchi chinensis reveal the involvement of LcSWEET2a/3b in early seed development

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanhan Xie ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Yaqi Qin ◽  
Anna Ma ◽  
Jiaxin Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Seed Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Phloem Loading ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Phylogenetic Tree Analysis ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Litchi Chinensis ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Early Seed Development

Abstract Background SWEETs (Sugar Will Eventually be Exported transporters) function as sugar efflux transporters that perform diverse physiological functions, including phloem loading, nectar secretion, seed filling, and pathogen nutrition. The SWEET gene family has been identified and characterized in a number of plant species, but little is known about in Litchi chinensis, which is an important evergreen fruit crop. Results In this study, 16 LcSWEET genes were identified and nominated according to its homologous genes in Arabidopsis and grapevine. Multiple sequence alignment showed that the 7 alpha-helical transmembrane domains (7-TMs) were basically conserved in LcSWEETs. The LcSWEETs were divided into four clades (Clade I to Clade IV) by phylogenetic tree analysis. A total of 8 predicted motifs were detected in the litchi LcSWEET genes. The 16 LcSWEET genes were unevenly distributed in 9 chromosomes and there was one pairs of segmental duplicated events by synteny analysis. The expression patterns of the 16 LcSWEET genes showed higher expression levels in reproductive organs. The temporal and spatial expression patterns of LcSWEET2a and LcSWEET3b indicated they play central roles during early seed development. Conclusions The litchi genome contained 16 SWEET genes, and most of the genes were expressed in different tissues. Gene expression suggested that LcSWEETs played important roles in the growth and development of litchi fruits. Genes that regulate early seed development were preliminarily identified. This work provides a comprehensive understanding of the SWEET gene family in litchi, laying a strong foundation for further functional studies of LcSWEET genes and improvement of litchi fruits.

scholarly journals Overexpression of four MiTFL1 genes from mango delays the flowering time in transgenic Arabidopsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Han Wang ◽  
Xin-Hua He ◽  
Hai-Xia Yu ◽  
Xiao Mo ◽  
Yan Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Similar Expression Pattern ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Terminal Flower 1 ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Phosphatidylethanolamine Binding Protein

Abstract Background TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) belongs to the phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (PEBP) family, which is involved in inflorescence meristem development and represses flowering in several plant species. In the present study, four TFL1 genes were cloned from the mango (Mangifera indica L.) variety ‘SiJiMi’ and named MiTFL1-1, MiTFL1-2, MiTFL1-3 and MiTFL1-4. Results Sequence analysis showed that the encoded MiTFL1 proteins contained a conserved PEBP domain and belonged to the TFL1 group. Expression analysis showed that the MiTFL1 genes were expressed in not only vegetative organs but also reproductive organs and that the expression levels were related to floral development. Overexpression of the four MiTFL1 genes delayed flowering in transgenic Arabidopsis. Additionally, MiTFL1-1 and MiTFL1-3 changed the flower morphology in some transgenic plants. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) analysis showed that several stress-related proteins interacted with MiTFL1 proteins. Conclusions The four MiTFL1 genes exhibited a similar expression pattern, and overexpression in Arabidopsis resulted in delayed flowering. Additionally, MiTFL1-1 and MiTFL1-3 overexpression affected floral organ development. Furthermore, the MiTFL1 proteins could interact with bHLH and 14-3-3 proteins. These results indicate that the MiTFL1 genes may play an important role in the flowering process in mango.

ETTIN patterns the Arabidopsis floral meristem and reproductive organs

Development ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 124 (22) ◽  
pp. 4481-4491 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sessions ◽  
J.L. Nemhauser ◽  
A. McColl ◽  
J.L. Roe ◽  
K.A. Feldmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Floral Meristem ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
Organ Identity ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Floral Meristems

ettin (ett) mutations have pleiotropic effects on Arabidopsis flower development, causing increases in perianth organ number, decreases in stamen number and anther formation, and apical-basal patterning defects in the gynoecium. The ETTIN gene was cloned and encodes a protein with homology to DNA binding proteins which bind to auxin response elements. ETT transcript is expressed throughout stage 1 floral meristems and subsequently resolves to a complex pattern within petal, stamen and carpel primordia. The data suggest that ETT functions to impart regional identity in floral meristems that affects perianth organ number spacing, stamen formation, and regional differentiation in stamens and the gynoecium. During stage 5, ETT expression appears in a ring at the top of the floral meristem before morphological appearance of the gynoecium, consistent with the proposal that ETT is involved in prepatterning apical and basal boundaries in the gynoecium primordium. Double mutant analyses and expression studies show that although ETT transcriptional activation occurs independently of the meristem and organ identity genes LEAFY, APETELA1, APETELA2 and AGAMOUS, the functioning of these genes is necessary for ETT activity. Double mutant analyses also demonstrate that ETT functions independently of the ‘b’ class genes APETELA3 and PISTILLATA. Lastly, double mutant analyses suggest that ETT control of floral organ number acts independently of CLAVATA loci and redundantly with PERIANTHIA.

scholarly journals Expression of AtAAP Gene Family and Endosperm-Specific Expression of AtAAP1 Gene Promotes Amino Acid Absorption in Arabidopsis thaliana and Maize

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1668
Author(s):  
Zhanyu Chen ◽  
Yingying Zhang ◽  
Jiating Zhang ◽  
Bei Fan ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Transmembrane Protein ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Amino Acid Permease ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

The amino acid permease (AAP) is an important transmembrane protein that is involved in the absorption and transport of amino acids in plants. We investigated the expression patterns of AtAAP genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, based on quantitative real-time PCR. The results revealed differential expression patterns of eight AtAAP genes in different tissues, with five genes (AtAAP1, AtAAP2, AtAAP6, AtAAP7, and AtAAP8) expressed at relatively high levels in both flowers and siliques, suggesting their shared functions in the accumulation of amino acids. In transgenic plants, with endosperm-specific overexpression of AtAAP1, both AtAAP1 and AtAAP6 were up-regulated in both the roots and siliques, while AtAAP2, AtAAP3, AtAAP4, and AtAAP5 showed similar expression levels in the stems and siliques, whereas AtAAP7 and AtAAP8 were expressed at their highest levels in the stems and roots. The results of the amino acid affinity experiments revealed varied absorption capacities for different amino acids, by AtAAP1, and increased acid amino contents in the reproductive organs. These results were verified in transgenic maize plants, with the overexpression of AtAAP1, revealing higher amino acid contents in the reproductive organs than those of the vegetative organs. Our study clearly demonstrated that the endosperm-specific promoter increased the amino acid contents in the reproductive organs and improved the effective utilization of organic nitrogen in plants.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic comparison and splice site conservation of eukaryotic U1 snRNP-specific U1-70K gene family

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Fan ◽  
Yu-Zhen Zhao ◽  
Jing-Fang Yang ◽  
Qin-Lai Liu ◽  
Yuan Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Splice Site ◽  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Structures ◽  
Single Copy ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
U1 Snrnp

AbstractEukaryotic cells can expand their coding ability by using their splicing machinery, spliceosome, to process precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) into mature messenger RNA. The mega-macromolecular spliceosome contains multiple subcomplexes, referred to as small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Among these, U1 snRNP and its central component, U1-70K, are crucial for splice site recognition during early spliceosome assembly. The human U1-70K has been linked to several types of human autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. However, its phylogenetic relationship has been seldom reported. To this end, we carried out a systemic analysis of 95 animal U1-70K genes and compare these proteins to their yeast and plant counterparts. Analysis of their gene and protein structures, expression patterns and splicing conservation suggest that animal U1-70Ks are conserved in their molecular function, and may play essential role in cancers and juvenile development. In particular, animal U1-70Ks display unique characteristics of single copy number and a splicing isoform with truncated C-terminal, suggesting the specific role of these U1-70Ks in animal kingdom. In summary, our results provide phylogenetic overview of U1-70K gene family in vertebrates. In silico analyses conducted in this work will act as a reference for future functional studies of this crucial U1 splicing factor in animal kingdom.

RESEARCH ON THE BOTANICAL AND PHARMACOGNOSTIC PARTICULARITIES OF THE INDIGENOUS SPECIES LYSIMACHIA NUMMULARIA L.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suciu Felicia ◽  
Arcuș Mariana ◽  
Roșca Adrian Cosmin ◽  
Bucur Laura ◽  
Popescu Antoanela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
External Appearance ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Hydrophilic Nature ◽  
Macroscopic Examination

"Preliminary pharmacochemical research on Lysimachia nummularia L. was performed by dint of pharmacognostic analysis (macroscopic examination, global chemical analysis, preliminary quantitative determinations).The article includes the analysis of the macroscopic characters of the vegetative organs (root, stem and leaf), as well as of the reproductive organs (flower, fruit, seed) belonging to the spontaneous native species Lysimachia nummularia L. Morphological features were described and discussed. The identification of these aspects was done with the naked eye, but also with the help of a hand magnifier and a binocular magnifier. The results revealed that the external appearance of the plant justifies the species belonging to the genus Lysimachia, family Primulaceae. They are found in the glabrous and creeping appearance of the plant, opposite, almost round leaves, solitary, yellow flowers, axillary with vigorous pedicels, perianth pentamer, actinomorphic, dialisepal and dialipetal, globular capsule fruit. The semi-hydrophilic nature is found in the presence of adventitious roots that develop both from the rhizome and at the nodes of the stem. The preliminary quantitative determinations performed were loss by drying as well as soluble substances of the species Lysimachia nummularia L. Following the global chemical analysis, active principles known in the literature for the antioxidant potential were identified. Following the preliminary quantitative determinations (drying loss, determination of soluble substances) results comparable to those in the literature on the content of volatile substances and soluble substances were obtained."

The PINHEAD/ZWILLE gene acts pleiotropically in Arabidopsis development and has overlapping functions with the ARGONAUTE1 gene

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lynn ◽  
A. Fernandez ◽  
M. Aida ◽  
J. Sedbrook ◽  
M. Tasaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Bilateral Symmetry ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Axillary Shoot ◽  
Apical Meristems ◽  
Shoot Apical Meristems ◽  
Positional Identity ◽  
Competence Factor ◽  
High Level

Several lines of evidence indicate that the adaxial leaf domain possesses a unique competence to form shoot apical meristems. Factors required for this competence are expected to cause a defect in shoot apical meristem formation when inactivated and to be expressed or active preferentially in the adaxial leaf domain. PINHEAD, a member of a family of proteins that includes the translation factor eIF2C, is required for reliable formation of primary and axillary shoot apical meristems. In addition to high-level expression in the vasculature, we find that low-level PINHEAD expression defines a novel domain of positional identity in the plant. This domain consists of adaxial leaf primordia and the meristem. These findings suggest that the PINHEAD gene product may be a component of a hypothetical meristem forming competence factor. We also describe defects in floral organ number and shape, as well as aberrant embryo and ovule development associated with pinhead mutants, thus elaborating on the role of PINHEAD in Arabidopsis development. In addition, we find that embryos doubly mutant for PINHEAD and ARGONAUTE1, a related, ubiquitously expressed family member, fail to progress to bilateral symmetry and do not accumulate the SHOOT MERISTEMLESS protein. Therefore PINHEAD and ARGONAUTE1 together act to allow wild-type growth and gene expression patterns during embryogenesis.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-Wide Analyses Provide Insights into Development of the Hedychium Coronarium Flower, Revealing Potential Roles of PTL

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Zhao ◽  
Alma Piñeyro-Nelson ◽  
Qianxia Yu ◽  
Xiaoying Hu ◽  
Huanfang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Flower Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Floral Organ ◽  
Mrna In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hedychium Coronarium ◽  
Organ Identity

Abstract Background:The flower of Hedychium coronarium possesses highly specialized floral organs: a synsepalous calyx, petaloid staminodes and a labellum. The formation of these organs is controlled by two gene categories: floral organ identity genes and organ boundary genes, which may function individually or jointly during flower development. Although the floral organogenesis of H. coronarium has been studied at the morphological level, the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in its floral development still remain poorly understood. In addition, previous works analyzing the role of MADS-box genes in controlling floral organ specification in some Zingiberaceae did not address the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of particular organ morphologies that emerge later in flower development, such as the synsepalous calyx formed through intercalary growth of adjacent sepals. Results:Here, we used comparative transcriptomics combined with Real-time quantitative PCR and mRNA in situ hybridization to investigate gene expression patterns of ABC-class genes in H. coronarium flowers, as well as the homolog of the organ boundary gene PETAL LOSS (HcPTL). qRT-PCR detection showed that HcAP3 and HcAG were expressed in both the petaloid staminode and the fertile stamen. mRNA in situ hybridization showed that HcPTL was expressed in developing meristems, including cincinnus primordia, floral primordia, common primordia and almost all new initiating floral organ primordia.Conclusions:Our studies found that stamen/petal identity or stamen fertility in H. coronarium was not necessarily correlated with the differential expression of HcAP3 and HcAG. We also found a novel spatio-temporal expression pattern for HcPTL mRNA, suggesting it may have evolved a lineage-specific role in the morphogenesis of the Hedychium flower. Our study provides a new transcriptome reference and a functional hypothesis regarding the role of a boundary gene in organ fusion that should be further addressed through phylogenetic analyzes of this gene, as well as functional studies.

scholarly journals Changes in Protein Phosphorylation during Salivary Gland Degeneration in Haemaphysalis longicornis

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-171
Author(s):  
Qi Xiao ◽  
Yuhong Hu ◽  
Xiaohong Yang ◽  
Jianna Tang ◽  
Xiaoshuang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Protein Phosphorylation ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Quantitative Proteomics ◽  
Blood Feeding ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Phosphorylated Proteins ◽  
Data Independent Acquisition

The ticks feed large amount of blood from their hosts and transmit pathogens to the victims. The salivary gland plays an important role in the blood feeding. When the female ticks are near engorgement, the salivary gland gradually loses its functions and begins to rapidly degenerate. In this study, data-independent acquisition quantitative proteomics was used to study changes in the phosphorylation modification of proteins during salivary gland degeneration in <i>Haemaphysalis longicornis</i>. In this quantitative study, 400 phosphorylated proteins and 850 phosphorylation modification sites were identified. Trough RNA interference experiments, we found that among the proteins with changes in phosphorylation, apoptosis-promoting Hippo protein played a role in salivary gland degeneration.

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