scholarly journals Histone Demethylase KDM7A Regulates Androgen Receptor Activity, and Its Chemical Inhibitor TC-E 5002 Overcomes Cisplatin-Resistance in Bladder Cancer Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5658
Author(s):  
Kyoung-Hwa Lee ◽  
Byung-Chan Kim ◽  
Seung-Hwan Jeong ◽  
Chang Wook Jeong ◽  
Ja Hyeon Ku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Histone Demethylase ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cell ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Mouse Xenograft Model ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells

Histone demethylase KDM7A regulates many biological processes, including differentiation, development, and the growth of several cancer cells. Here, we have focused on the role of KDM7A in bladder cancer cells, especially under drug-resistant conditions. When the KDM7A gene was knocked down, bladder cancer cell lines showed impaired cell growth, increased cell death, and reduced rates of cell migration. Biochemical studies revealed that KDM7A knockdown in the bladder cancer cells repressed the activity of androgen receptor (AR) through epigenetic regulation. When we developed a cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cell line, we found that AR expression was highly elevated. Upon treatment with TC-E 5002, a chemical inhibitor of KDM7A, the cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer cells, showed decreased cell proliferation. In the mouse xenograft model, KDM7A knockdown or treatment with its inhibitor reduced the growth of the bladder tumor. We also observed the upregulation of KDM7A expression in patients with bladder cancer. The findings suggest that histone demethylase KDM7A mediates the growth of bladder cancer. Moreover, our findings highlight the therapeutic potential of the KMD7A inhibitor, TC-E 5002, in patients with cisplatin-resistant bladder cancer.

Apoptosis triggered by isoquercitrin in bladder cancer cells by activating the AMPK-activated protein kinase pathway

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 3707-3722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Wu ◽  
Siyuan Liu ◽  
Jianyu Su ◽  
Jianping Chen ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cell ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells ◽  
Immunoblotting Assay ◽  
Cancer Cell Metabolism ◽  
Kinase Pathway

Our findings provide comprehensive evidence that isoquercitrin (ISO) influenced T24 bladder cancer cell metabolism by activating the AMPK pathway as identified by combination with metabolomics and immunoblotting assay.

scholarly journals TRAF4 inhibits bladder cancer progression by promoting BMP/SMAD signalling pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanna Vasudevan Iyengar ◽  
Dieuwke Louise Marvin ◽  
Dilraj Lama ◽  
Tuan Zea Tan ◽  
Sudha Suriyamurthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase ◽  
Cancer Cell Lines ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cell ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells

AbstractBladder cancer is one of the most prevalent cancer types in the world, frequently exhibiting invasion and metastasis and therefore associated with poor prognosis. It is a progressive disease with high recurrence rates even after surgery, which calls for the urgent need for early intervention and diagnosis. The E3 ubiquitin ligase TNF Receptor Associated Factor 4 (TRAF4) has been largely implicated as a tumour-promoting element in a wide range of cancers. Over-expression and amplification of this gene product has been a common observation in breast and other metastatic tumours. In contrast, we observed that expression of TRAF4 negatively correlated with overall patient survival. Moreover, its expression was repressed at epigenetic levels in aggressive bladder cancer cells. We also describe an ERK kinase phosphorylation site on TRAF4 that inhibits its stability and localization to plasma membrane in such cells. Furthermore, knockdown of TRAF4 in epithelial bladder cancer cell lines leads to gain of mesenchymal genes and a loss of epithelial integrity. Reciprocally, stable over-expression of TRAF4 in mesenchymal cells leads to decreased migratory and invasive properties. Transcriptomic analysis upon TRAF4 mis-expression in bladder cancer cell lines revealed that higher TRAF4 expression enhanced BMP/SMAD and dampened NF-κB signalling pathways. Importantly, this notion was confirmed in bladder cancer patient material. Mechanistically, we showed that TRAF4 targets the E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF1, a negative regulator of BMP/SMAD signalling, for proteasomal degradation in bladder cancer cells. We show that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of SMURF1 or its function inhibited migration of aggressive (mesenchymal) bladder cancer cells.

scholarly journals The lncRNA DLX6-AS1 promoted cell proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer via modulating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinan Guo ◽  
Zhixin Chen ◽  
Hongtao Jiang ◽  
Zhou Yu ◽  
Junming Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells

Abstract Background Bladder cancer is the most common human urological malignancies with poor prognosis, and the pathophysiology of bladder cancer involves multi-linkages of regulatory networks in the bladder cancer cells. Recently, the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been extensively studied for their role on bladder cancer progression. In this study, we evaluated the expression of DLX6 Antisense RNA 1 (DLX6-AS1) in the cancerous bladder tissues and studied the possible mechanisms of DLX6-AS1 in regulating bladder cancer progression. Methods Gene expression was determined by qRT-PCR; protein expression levels were evaluated by western blot assay; in vitro functional assays were used to determine cell proliferation, invasion and migration; nude mice were used to establish the tumor xenograft model. Results Our results showed the up-regulation of DLX6-AS1 in cancerous bladder cancer tissues and bladder cell lines, and high expression of DLX6-AS1 was correlated with advance TNM stage, lymphatic node metastasis and distant metastasis. The in vitro experimental data showed that DLX6-AS1 overexpression promoted bladder cancer cell growth, proliferation, invasion, migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT); while DLX6-AS1 inhibition exerted tumor suppressive actions on bladder cancer cells. Further results showed that DLX6-AS1 overexpression increased the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and the oncogenic role of DLX6-AS1 in bladder cancer cells was abolished by the presence of XAV939. On the other hand, DLX6-AS1 knockdown suppressed the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and the tumor-suppressive effects of DLX6-AS1 knockdown partially attenuated by lithium chloride and SB-216763 pretreatment. The in vivo tumor growth study showed that DLX6-AS1 knockdown suppressed tumor growth of T24 cells and suppressed EMT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the tumor tissues. Conclusion Collectively, the present study for the first time identified the up-regulation of DLX6-AS1 in clinical bladder cancer tissues and in bladder cancer cell lines. The results from in vitro and in vivo assays implied that DLX6-AS1 exerted enhanced effects on bladder cancer cell proliferation, invasion and migration partly via modulating EMT and the activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Irradiated Bladder Cancer Cells Expressing both GM-CSF and IL-21 versus Either GM-CSF or IL-21 Alone as Tumor Vaccine in a Mouse Xenograft Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Junming Peng ◽  
Liefu Ye ◽  
Tao Li ◽  
Qingguo Zhu ◽  
Jinan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Tumor Vaccine ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Mouse Xenograft Model ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells

Previous studies have established the efficacy of irradiated cancer cells overexpressing GM-CSF or IL-21 as a vaccine. Here we examined whether the vaccine efficacy was greater when both factors were overexpressed together. MB49 bladder cancer cells were transfected with expression plasmid pT7TS encoding mouse GM-CSF and human IL-21, and then irradiated with 100 Gy at 4 days later. The cells (1×107 per animal) were injected subcutaneously into C57BL/6 mice at 0, 4, 8, and 12 days after inoculation with MB49 tumor xenografts. Control animals were injected with MB49 cells transfected with pT7TS encoding GM-CSF or IL-21 on its own. Tumor growth was monitored for 45 days and compared among the groups using repeated-measures ANOVA. Vaccination with irradiated MB49 cells did not affect xenograft growth. Vaccination with irradiated cells overexpressing GM-CSF or IL-21 alone significantly inhibited tumor growth and led to significantly more CD4+ CD8+ T cells and fewer CD4+ Foxp3+ T cells in the spleen and xenograft. These effects were even greater following vaccination with irradiated cells overexpressing both GM-CSF and IL-21. Irradiated bladder cancer cells overexpressing both GM-CSF and IL-21 are more effective than cells expressing either factor alone as a vaccine against bladder cancer.

scholarly journals Chloride Ion Transport Blockade Enhances Cytocidal Effects of Sterile Water on Bladder Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Matsuoka ◽  
Rikiya Taoka ◽  
Yoichiro Tohi ◽  
Zhang Xia ◽  
Mikio Sugimoto
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cell ◽  
Channel Blockers ◽  
Sterile Water ◽  
Hypotonic Shock ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells

Abstract Background:Bladder cancer is a major health concern worldwide. The conventional intravesical Bacillus Calmette–Guérin therapy has certain shortcomings; thereby, demanding novel alternatives. Although sterile water is a probable agent for such novel intravesical therapies, bladder cancer cell lines differ in their sensitivity to hypotonic shock due to sterile water. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether Cl- channel blockers enhance the cytocidal effect of hypotonic shock on bladder cancer cells resistant to sterile water.Methods:Bladder cancer cell lines of varying grades (RT112, T24, and J82) were exposed to sterile water, and morphological changes were closely observed using microscopy. Sterile water-induced changes in cell membrane integrity and cell viability were analyzed to determine the effects of hypotonic shock. These effects were further analyzed using a Cl- channel blocker.Results:T24 and J82 cells started swelling immediately upon exposure to sterile water and ruptured within 10 min. RT112 cells demonstrated limited hypotonic swelling with few cell ruptures. After treatment with the Cl- channel blocker, RT112 cells ruptured faster as compared to that in cells treated with sterile water. The percentages of viable dimethylsulfoxide and 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino) benzoic acid -treated (50, 100, 200, and 300 µM) RT112 cells after 10 min of exposure to sterile water were 13.6 % ± 3.4 %, 6.3 % ± 1.2 %, 2.0 % ± 1.1 %, 0.7 % ± 0.7 %, and 0 %, respectively.Conclusions:Taken together, the Cl- channel blockers enhanced the cytocidal effects of hypotonic shock in bladder cancer cells. Intravesical therapy with sterile water after treatment with a Cl- channel blocker represents a potential new adjuvant therapy after TURBT with high efficacy.

Cancer-specific nanotheranostics to improve the diagnosis and treatment of bladder cancer.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (7_suppl) ◽  
pp. 323-323
Author(s):  
Chong-Xian Pan ◽  
Tzu-yin Lin ◽  
Hongyong Zhang ◽  
Yuanpei Li ◽  
Susan D. Airhart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Intravesical Instillation ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cell ◽  
Photodynamic Diagnosis ◽  
Drug Load ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells

323 Background: We recently developed a bladder cancer-specific targeting ligand named PLZ4, nanometer-scale micelles and nanoporphyrin. Here we report the diagnostic and therapeutic applications of these nanotheranostics coated with PLZ4. Methods: PLZ4 was synthesized through solid phase synthesis. Bladder cancer-specific PLZ4-coated nanomicelles (PNM) and nanoporphyrin (PNP) were developed through conjugating the nanotheranostics with PLZ4 on the surface, and loaded with therapeutic and/or imaging agents in the core. Bladder cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were used to determine the diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Results: In vitro studies with cell lines revealed that both PNM and PNP could specifically deliver the drug load to bladder cancer cells, but not to adjacent confounding cells. After intravenous injection, PNM loaded with paclitaxel could specifically deliver the drug load to xenografts developed from a human and a dog bladder cancer cell line, and a PDX, but not to lung cancer xenografts in the same mice. These paclitaxel-loaded PNM could overcome cisplatin resistance, and prolong the overall survival of mice carrying PDXs from 27 days with free paclitaxel to 76 days (p<0.0001). PNP can be used for photodynamic diagnosis and therapy while being able to chelate gadolinium for cancer-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and load chemotherapeutic drugs for cancer-specific targeted chemotherapy. It is over 50 times more potent that 5-aminolevulinic acid in photodynamic therapy (p<0.0001). After intravesical instillation into the bladder cavity of an orthotopic PDX model, PNP could specifically target bladder cancer cells, but not adjacent normal urothelial cells in the same bladder. Conclusions: PNM and PNP can potentially be used for diagnosis, imaging detection and cancer-specific targeted delivery of therapeutic agents of both non-myoinvasive and advanced bladder cancer. A phase I clinical trial of PNM for intravesical instillation in human patients with non-myoinvasive bladder cancer, and another phase I trial with PNP for photodynamic diagnosis and therapy in dog bladder cancer patients have been funded.

Effect of defective ERCC2 on cisplatin and ionizing radiation (IR) sensitivity in bladder cancer cells.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 333-333
Author(s):  
Qiang Li ◽  
Andrew Bell ◽  
Emmet Jordan ◽  
Sizhi Paul Gao ◽  
Jennifer Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cell Line ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells ◽  
Bladder Sparing ◽  
Mutant Cells

333 Background: Genetic alterations within ERCC2 correlate with extraordinary responses to neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy and bladder-sparing ionizing radiation (IR) in muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Two studies correlated ERCC2 mutations with pathologic response to chemotherapy and improved disease-free and bladder intact survival following trimodality therapy. We sought to characterize the biological significance of these mutations in bladder cancer cells using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ablation of ERCC2 function. Methods: The ERCC2 T484A/M point mutation was the most common alteration (4 of 36 patients) within a prospectively collected cohort of 299 bladder cancer patients sequenced at our institution. We infected the ERCC2 wild-type KU19-19 bladder cancer cell line with a CRISPR/Cas9 lentivirus targeting residues 481-487 of ERCC2 and identified a cell clone harboring an ERCC2 in-frame deletion (M483_T484del). Following exposure to cisplatin and IR, cell viability was examined using Cell-titer Glo and clonogenic assays. Apoptosis was gauged by subG1 cell fraction measurement by flow cytometry. Results: ERCC2 mutant cells exhibited significantly increased cisplatin sensitivity compared to parental cells (IC50 0.3uM vs 2.0uM, p < 0.0001). Cisplatin treatment after 48 hours resulted in increased apoptosis in ERCC2 mutant vs parental cells (sub-G1 fraction 52% vs 16%, p = 0.01). ERCC2 mutant cells were more sensitive to combined IR (2 Gy) and cisplatin (1uM) compared to parental cells (SF2Gy (surviving fraction) 17 % vs 60%). Conclusions: ERCC2 mutations enhance cisplatin and IR sensitivity in a bladder cancer cell line model. ERCC2 alterations are likely the genetic basis for extraordinary response to cisplatin chemotherapy and IR in MIBC patients. Prospective genetic sequencing may help select ERCC2 mutant MIBC patients who are most likely to respond to chemotherapy or trimodality bladder-sparing therapy.

scholarly journals Knockdown of RRM1 with Adenoviral shRNA Vectors to Inhibit Tumor Cell Viability and Increase Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity to Gemcitabine in Bladder Cancer Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 4102
Author(s):  
Xia Zhang ◽  
Rikiya Taoka ◽  
Dage Liu ◽  
Yuki Matsuoka ◽  
Yoichiro Tohi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cell ◽  
Human Tumor Xenograft ◽  
Antitumor Effects ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Sensitivity ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells

RRM1—an important DNA replication/repair enzyme—is the primary molecular gemcitabine (GEM) target. High RRM1-expression associates with gemcitabine-resistance in various cancers and RRM1 inhibition may provide novel cancer treatment approaches. Our study elucidates how RRM1 inhibition affects cancer cell proliferation and influences gemcitabine-resistant bladder cancer cells. Of nine bladder cancer cell lines investigated, two RRM1 highly expressed cells, 253J and RT112, were selected for further experimentation. An RRM1-targeting shRNA was cloned into adenoviral vector, Ad-shRRM1. Gene and protein expression were investigated using real-time PCR and western blotting. Cell proliferation rate and chemotherapeutic sensitivity to GEM were assessed by MTT assay. A human tumor xenograft model was prepared by implanting RRM1 highly expressed tumors, derived from RT112 cells, in nude mice. Infection with Ad-shRRM1 effectively downregulated RRM1 expression, significantly inhibiting cell growth in both RRM1 highly expressed tumor cells. In vivo, Ad-shRRM1 treatment had pronounced antitumor effects against RRM1 highly expressed tumor xenografts (p < 0.05). Moreover, combination of Ad-shRRM1 and GEM inhibited cell proliferation in both cell lines significantly more than either treatment individually. Cancer gene therapy using anti-RRM1 shRNA has pronounced antitumor effects against RRM1 highly expressed tumors, and RRM1 inhibition specifically increases bladder cancer cell GEM-sensitivity. Ad-shRRM1/GEM combination therapy may offer new treatment options for patients with GEM-resistant bladder tumors.

scholarly journals The VIM-AS1/miR-655/ZEB1 axis modulates bladder cancer cell metastasis by regulating epithelial–mesenchymal transition

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoyao Xiong ◽  
Xiongbing Zu ◽  
Long Wang ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Minfeng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Cell ◽  
Cancer Metastasis ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Metastatic Bladder Cancer ◽  
Cell Metastasis ◽  
Bladder Cancer Cells

Abstract Background Invasive bladder tumors cause a worse prognosis in patients and remain a clinical challenge. Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with bladder cancer metastasis. In the present research, we attempted to demonstrate a novel mechanism by which a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA)-miRNA-mRNA axis regulates EMT and metastasis in bladder cancer. Methods Immunofluorescence (IF) staining was used to detect Vimentin expression. The protein expression of ZEB1, Vimentin, E-cadherin, and Snail was investigated by using immunoblotting assays. Transwell assays were performed to detect the invasive capacity of bladder cancer cells. A wound healing assay was used to measure the migratory capacity of bladder cancer cells. Results Herein, we identified lncRNA VIM-AS1 as a highly- expressed lncRNA in bladder cancer, especially in metastatic bladder cancer tissues and high-metastatic bladder cancer cell lines. By acting as a ceRNA for miR-655, VIM-AS1 competed with ZEB1 for miR-655 binding, therefore eliminating the miR-655-mediated suppression of ZEB1, finally promoting EMT in both high- and low-metastatic bladder cancer cells and enhancing cancer cell metastasis. Conclusions In conclusion, the VIM-AS1/miR-655/ZEB1 axis might be a promising target for improving bladder cancer metastasis via an EMT-related mechanism.

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