scholarly journals Adjustment of Photosynthetic and Antioxidant Activities to Water Deficit Is Crucial in the Drought Tolerance of Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea Introgression Forms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5639
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lechowicz ◽  
Izabela Pawłowicz ◽  
Dawid Perlikowski ◽  
Magdalena Arasimowicz-Jelonek ◽  
Sara Blicharz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Calvin Cycle ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate

Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea introgression forms have been proved several times to be good models to identify key components of grass metabolism involved in the mechanisms of tolerance to water deficit. Here, for the first time, a relationship between photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities with respect to drought tolerance of these forms was analyzed in detail. Two closely related L. multiflorum/F. arundinacea introgression forms distinct in their ability to re-grow after cessation of prolonged water deficit in the field were selected and subjected to short-term drought in pots to dissect precisely mechanisms of drought tolerance in this group of plants. The studies revealed that the form with higher drought tolerance was characterized by earlier and higher accumulation of abscisic acid, more stable cellular membranes, and more balanced reactive oxygen species metabolism associated with a higher capacity of the antioxidant system under drought conditions. On the other hand, both introgression forms revealed the same levels of stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation, and consequently, intrinsic water use efficiency under drought and recovery conditions. However, simultaneous higher adjustment of the Calvin cycle to water deficit and reduced CO2 availability, with respect to the accumulation and activity of plastid fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, were clearly visible in the form with higher drought tolerance.

Alterations in leaf lipidome under water deficit and re-watering in Lolium multiflorum/Festuca arundinacea introgression forms distinct in drought tolerance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dawid Perlikowski ◽  
Izabela Pawłowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Lechowicz ◽  
Adam Augustyniak ◽  
Aleksandra Skirycz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum

scholarly journals Gas exchange and yield response to foliar phosphorus application in Phaseolus vulgaris L. under drought

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Guida dos Santos ◽  
Rafael Vasconcelos Ribeiro ◽  
Ricardo Ferraz de Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Foliar Phosphorus ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Phosphorus Application

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of foliar Pi application on gas exchange and yield of bean genotypes submitted to a mild water deficit at the pre-flowering stage. In the first experiment, when extra Pi (10 g.L-1) was sprayed on leaves during water stress or during recovery, there was no effect on gas exchange or yield in the A320, Carioca and Ouro Negro genotypes. However, net CO2 assimilation (A) of A320 and Ouro Negro was less affected, but not significantly, than Carioca at the end of the stress, when Pi was supplied five days before water deficit. In the second experiment, two different doses of Pi (10 and 20 g.Pi L-1) were sprayed five days before water deficit on the Carioca genotype. During the last three days of the mild water deficit, A values were significantly higher for the Pi20 treatment when compared to the control plants without extra Pi supply. The intrinsic water use efficiency for plants receiving Pi20 was significantly higher than for the other treatments. In addition, seed dry weight per plant was higher for plants receiving Pi20 dose than for plants with Pi10 and its control.

Productivity in simulated drought and post-drought recovery of eight ryegrass cultivars and a tall fescue cultivar with and without Epichloë endophyte

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. He ◽  
C. Matthew ◽  
C. S. Jones ◽  
J.-H. B. Hatier
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Summer Drought ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Percentage Yield

Many ryegrass cultivars are available on the market, but little research information exists on their comparative drought tolerance or the role of their commercially associated Epichloë endophytes in drought tolerance. Cloned plants of seven perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivars (Grasslands Commando, Ceres One50, Banquet II, Alto, Bealey, Trojan and Avalon) and an unreleased elite line (URL) and one Mediterranean tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) cultivar (Grasslands Flecha), in all cases both endophyte-free (E–) and -infected (E+) plants, were subjected to a cycle of summer drought and rehydration from December 2012 to May 2013. Other clones of the same plants were irrigated. Insecticide was used to protect plants from insect attack. We report data for shoot dry matter (DM), tiller survival rate (TSR) and reproductive development assessed approximately monthly during the experiment. In the second month of drought, only Banquet II and Grasslands Flecha showed no significant shoot DM reduction under water deficit. After 3 months of drought, shoot DM was reduced by 43% (Flecha) to 85% (URL) compared with irrigated plants. For Banquet II, Avalon and Grasslands Flecha, TSR was not significantly reduced by water deficit. During rehydration, growth of previously non-irrigated plants typically exceeded growth of irrigated clones across all cultivars. Banquet II and Grasslands Flecha were drought-tolerant in the sense that they showed a lower percentage yield reduction under drought than other cultivars tested; this was in part because they were not among the highest yielding under irrigation. Irrespective of irrigation treatment, the shoot DM of E+ plants of ryegrasses URL (with AR37 endophyte) and One50 (with AR1 endophyte) was reduced by almost 50% relative to their E– counterparts in each harvest from December to May, whereas the other six ryegrass varieties generally showed a small trend towards reduced shoot DM as E+ plants. This indicates that some novel cultivar–endophyte associations can incur a yield disadvantage compared with E– plants when protected from insect pressure.

scholarly journals Effect of Water Deficit on Morphoagronomic and Physiological Traits of Common Bean Genotypes with Contrasting Drought Tolerance

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
Leonardo Godoy Androcioli ◽  
Douglas Mariani Zeffa ◽  
Daniel Soares Alves ◽  
Juarez Pires Tomaz ◽  
Vânia Moda-Cirino
Keyword(s):  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Influence Of Water

Water deficit is considered one of the most limiting factors of the common bean. Understanding the adaptation mechanisms of the crop to this stress is fundamental for the development of drought-tolerant cultivars. In this sense, the objective of this study was to analyze the influence of water deficit on physiological and morphoagronomic traits of common bean genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance, aiming to identify mechanisms associated with tolerance to water deficit. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, arranged in a randomized complete block 4 × 2 factorial design, consisting of four common bean genotypes under two water regimes (with and without water stress), with six replications. The morphoagronomic and physiological traits of four cultivars, two drought-tolerant (IAPAR 81 and BAT 477) and two drought-sensitive (IAC Tybatã and BRS Pontal), were measured for 0, 4, 8, and 12 days, under water deficit, initiated in the phenological stage R5. Water-deficit induced physiological changes in the plants, altering the evaluated morphoagronomic traits. The drought tolerance of cultivar BAT 477 is not only a direct result of the low influence of water deficit on its yield components, but also a consequence of the participation of multiple adaptive physiological mechanisms, such as higher intrinsic water use efficiency, net photosynthesis rate, transpiration, carboxylation efficiency, stomatal conductance, and intracellular concentration of CO2 under water deficit conditions. On the other hand, cultivar IAPAR 81 can be considered drought-tolerant for short water-deficit periods only, since after the eighth day of water deficit, the physiological activities decline drastically.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges, growth and production of okra cultivated with saline water and silicon fertilization

2020 ◽  
pp. 1937-1950
Author(s):  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Cristiane Milenne Alves de Souza ◽  
Reginaldo Gomes Nobre ◽  
Lauriane Almeida dos Anjos Soares ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Deleterious Effect ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Silicon Fertilization ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Excess salts in water and/or soil are a critical factor that adversely affects the physiology and growth, besides limiting the production of crops in the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil. One way to reduce the effect of salt stress on plants is by using silicon (Si) fertilization. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the gas exchange, growth, and production of okra cv. Valença as a function of irrigation with saline water and Si doses. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the municipality of Pombal - PB, Brazil. The experimental design adopted was randomized blocks in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme corresponding to five levels of electrical conductivity of water ECw (0.3, 1.0, 1.7, 2.4, and 3.1 dS m-1) and two doses of Si fertilization (100 and 200 g of Si per plant), with four replicates. Salt stress increased the intercellular concentration of CO2 in the substomatal chamber and reduced the CO2 assimilation rate, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, growth, and production of okra plants. Intrinsic water use efficiency and average weights of okra fruits were not influenced by irrigation with saline water and Si doses. The supply of 200 g Si per plant reduced the deleterious effect of salt stress on stomatal conductance and leaf area of okra, at 45 days after sowing but did not increase production.

scholarly journals Triploidy in Citrus Genotypes Improves Leaf Gas Exchange and Antioxidant Recovery From Water Deficit

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radia Lourkisti ◽  
Yann Froelicher ◽  
Stéphane Herbette ◽  
Raphael Morillon ◽  
Jean Giannettini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Thermal Dissipation ◽  
Oxidative Markers ◽  
Recovery Capacity ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Powerful Approach ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Use Efficiency

The triploidy has proved to be a powerful approach breeding programs, especially in Citrus since seedlessness is one of the main consumer expectations. Citrus plants face numerous abiotic stresses including water deficit, which negatively impact growth and crop yield. In this study, we evaluated the physiological and biochemical responses to water deficit and recovery capacity of new triploid hybrids, in comparison with diploid hybrids, their parents (“Fortune” mandarin and “Ellendale” tangor) and one clementine tree used as reference. The water deficit significantly decreased the relative water content (RWC) and leaf gas exchange (Pnet and gs) and it increased the levels of oxidative markers (H2O2 and MDA) and antioxidants. Compared to diploid varieties, triploid hybrids limited water loss by osmotic adjustment as reflected by higher RWC, intrinsic water use efficiency (iWUE Pnet/gs) iWUE and leaf proline levels. These had been associated with an effective thermal dissipation of excess energy (NPQ) and lower oxidative damage. Our results showed that triploidy in citrus enhances the recovery capacity after a water deficit in comparison with diploids due to better carboxylation efficiency, restored water-related parameters and efficient antioxidant system.

scholarly journals Influence of mechanical root restriction on gas-exchange of four papaya genotypes

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIEMAR CAMPOSTRINI ◽  
OSVALDO KIYOSHI YAMANISHI
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Leaf Temperature ◽  
Maximum Pressure ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Net Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Partial Pressure Of Co2 ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Root Restriction

Four papaya genotypes, two from the ‘Solo’ group (Sunrise Solo TJ and Improved Sunrise Solo line 72/12) and two from the ‘Formosa’ group (Tainung 02 and Know You 01) grown in ultisol under field conditions in Macaé, RJ, Brazil, were used in this study. Two different effective depths (ED) were determined in the area using a penetrographer with average soil moisture of 11.2%. The area with ED of 0.35 m with a maximum pressure of 4.12 MPa for penetration was defined as an area with restriction (WR) to root growth, while, the area with minimum ED of 0.60 m and a pressure lower than 2.30 MPa as an area with no restriction (NR). The net CO2 assimilation rate (A), stomatal conductance (g s), leaf temperature (Tl), intercellular partial pressure of CO2 (c i) and intrinsic water use efficiency (IWUE) were evaluated for three consecutive days after irrigation. Mechanical root restriction affected gas exchange of the four papaya genotypes. All genotypes grown in the WR area had lower A, g s and c i and higher Tl than the same genotypes in the NR area. All genotypes grown in the WR area had high IWUE and Sunrise Solo TJ had the highest IWUE.

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