scholarly journals Roles Played by Biomarkers of Kidney Injury in Patients with Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Washino ◽  
Keiko Hosohata ◽  
Tomoaki Miyagawa
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Obstructive Nephropathy ◽  
Ureteral Stricture ◽  
Kidney Injury Molecule 1 ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction

Partial or complete obstruction of the urinary tract is a common and challenging urological condition caused by a variety of conditions, including ureteral calculi, ureteral pelvic junction obstruction, ureteral stricture, and malignant ureteral obstruction. The condition, which may develop in patients of any age, induces tubular and interstitial injury followed by inflammatory cell infiltration and interstitial fibrosis, eventually impairing renal function. The serum creatinine level is commonly used to evaluate global renal function but is not sensitive to early changes in the glomerular filtration rate and unilateral renal damage. Biomarkers of acute kidney injury are useful for the early detection and monitoring of kidney injury induced by upper urinary tract obstruction. These markers include levels of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), monocyte chemotactic protein-1, kidney injury molecule 1, N-acetyl-b-D-glucosaminidase, and vanin-1 in the urine and serum NGAL and cystatin C concentrations. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of kidney injury caused by upper urinary tract obstruction, the roles played by emerging biomarkers of obstructive nephropathy, the mechanisms involved, and the clinical utility and limitations of the biomarkers.

Urinary tract obstruction

2020 ◽  
pp. 5124-5135
Author(s):  
Muhammad M. Yaqoob ◽  
Kieran McCafferty
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Obstructive Nephropathy ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Prostatic Enlargement ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Lower Urinary

Obstructive nephropathy can manifest as either a sudden or an insidious decline in renal function, which can be halted or even reversed by relief of obstruction. Obstruction can be due to anatomical or functional abnormalities of the urethra, bladder, ureter, or renal pelvis, which may be congenital or acquired, and it can also occur as a consequence of diseases extrinsic to the urinary tract. Although dilatation of the outflow system proximal to the site of obstruction is a characteristic finding, widening of the ureter and/or pelvicalyceal system does not necessarily indicate the presence of obstruction, and flow may be obstructed without such dilatation. Aetiology—calculi and pelviureteric junctional obstruction are common causes of unilateral obstruction, while prostatic enlargement, stone disease, and bladder and pelvic tumours account for about 75% of cases of bilateral obstruction in developed countries. To the clinician, the first and most important question is whether urinary tract obstruction is of recent onset (acute obstruction) or long-standing (chronic obstruction). The pathophysiological changes, clinical features, approach to investigation, and management differ in important respects in these two circumstances, which are discussed separately in this chapter under the headings of acute upper urinary tract obstruction, acute lower urinary tract obstruction, chronic upper urinary tract obstruction, and chronic lower urinary tract obstruction. Retroperitoneal fibrosis, a rare condition, is also discussed.

The effect of radiopharmaceutical choice on the assessment of the relative renal function in upper urinary tract obstruction

1988 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerija Sedlak-Vadoc ◽  
Mario Bašić ◽  
Siniša Kaludjerski ◽  
Goran Marušić ◽  
Miroslav Negrojević ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction

scholarly journals Benign ureteral polyps causing upper urinary tract obstruction

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 101619
Author(s):  
Nguyen Duy Hung ◽  
Vuong Kim Ngan ◽  
Nguyen Dinh Hieu ◽  
Nguyen Minh Duc
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Obstruction ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Ureteral Polyps ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction
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