scholarly journals Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Hope in the Treatment of Diseases, including Muscular Dystrophies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5467
Author(s):  
Daniela Gois Beghini ◽  
Samuel Iwao Horita ◽  
Cynthia Machado Cascabulho ◽  
Luiz Anastácio Alves ◽  
Andrea Henriques-Pons
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Ips Cells ◽  
High Plasticity ◽  
Cell Based Therapy ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells are laboratory-produced cells that combine the biological advantages of somatic adult and stem cells for cell-based therapy. The reprogramming of cells, such as fibroblasts, to an embryonic stem cell-like state is done by the ectopic expression of transcription factors responsible for generating embryonic stem cell properties. These primary factors are octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct3/4), sex-determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2), Krüppel-like factor 4 (Klf4), and the proto-oncogene protein homolog of avian myelocytomatosis (c-Myc). The somatic cells can be easily obtained from the patient who will be subjected to cellular therapy and be reprogrammed to acquire the necessary high plasticity of embryonic stem cells. These cells have no ethical limitations involved, as in the case of embryonic stem cells, and display minimal immunological rejection risks after transplant. Currently, several clinical trials are in progress, most of them in phase I or II. Still, some inherent risks, such as chromosomal instability, insertional tumors, and teratoma formation, must be overcome to reach full clinical translation. However, with the clinical trials and extensive basic research studying the biology of these cells, a promising future for human cell-based therapies using iPS cells seems to be increasingly clear and close.

Types of Stem Cells Used in US-Based Clinical Trials between 1999 and 2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 169-191
Author(s):  
Emma E. Redfield ◽  
Erin K. Luciano ◽  
Monica J. Sewell ◽  
Lucas A. Mitzel ◽  
Isaac J. Sanford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Adult Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Us ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

This study looks at the number of clinical trials involving specific stem cell types. To our knowledge, this has never been done before. Stem cell clinical trials that were conducted at locations in the US and registered on the National Institutes of Health database at ‘clinicaltrials.gov’ were categorized according to the type of stem cell used (adult, cancer, embryonic, perinatal, or induced pluripotent) and the year that the trial was registered. From 1999 to 2014, there were 2,357 US stem cell clinical trials registered on ‘clinicaltrials.gov,’ and 89 percent were from adult stem cells and only 0.12 percent were from embryonic stem cells. This study concludes that embryonic stem cells should no longer be used for clinical study because of their irrelevance, moral questions, and induced pluripotent stem cells.

scholarly journals Contribution of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Chimeras through Injection and Coculture of Embryos

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jitong Guo ◽  
Baojiang Wu ◽  
Shuyu Li ◽  
Siqin Bao ◽  
Lixia Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Germline Transmission ◽  
Stem Cell Pluripotency ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Blastocyst injection and morula aggregation are commonly used to evaluate stem cell pluripotency based on chimeric contribution of the stem cells. To assess the protocols for generating chimeras from stem cells, 8-cell mouse embryos were either injected or cocultured with mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, respectively. Although a significantly higher chimera rate resulted from blastocyst injection, the highest germline contribution resulted from injection of 8-cell embryos with embryonic stem cells. The fully agouti colored chimeras were generated from both injection and coculture of 8-cell embryos with embryonic stem cells. Additionally, microsatellite DNA screening showed that the fully agouti colored chimeras were fully embryonic stem cell derived mice. Unlike embryonic stem cells, the mouse chimeras were only generated from injection of 8-cell embryos with induced pluripotent stem cells and none of these showed germline transmission. The results indicated that injection of 8-cell embryos is the most efficient method for assessing stem cell pluripotency and generating induced pluripotent stem cell chimeras, embryonic stem cell chimeras with germline transmission, and fully mouse embryonic stem cell derived mice.

scholarly journals Strategy to Establish Embryo-Derived Pluripotent Stem Cells in Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 5011
Author(s):  
Daehwan Kim ◽  
Sangho Roh
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Stem cell research is essential not only for the research and treatment of human diseases, but also for the genetic preservation and improvement of animals. Since embryonic stem cells (ESCs) were established in mice, substantial efforts have been made to establish true ESCs in many species. Although various culture conditions were used to establish ESCs in cattle, the capturing of true bovine ESCs (bESCs) has not been achieved. In this review, the difficulty of establishing bESCs with various culture conditions is described, and the characteristics of proprietary induced pluripotent stem cells and extended pluripotent stem cells are introduced. We conclude with a suggestion of a strategy for establishing true bESCs.

Effect of NANOG overexpression on porcine embryonic development and pluripotent embryonic stem cell formation in vitro

Zygote ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Gerelchimeg Bou ◽  
Shimeng Guo ◽  
Jia Guo ◽  
Zhuang Chai ◽  
Jianchao Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Line ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Cell Clones ◽  
Morula Stage ◽  
Pluripotent Embryonic Stem Cell

Summary The efficiency of establishing pig pluripotent embryonic stem cell clones from blastocysts is still low. The transcription factor Nanog plays an important role in maintaining the pluripotency of mouse and human embryonic stem cells. Adequate activation of Nanog has been reported to increase the efficiency of establishing mouse embryonic stem cells from 3.5 day embryos. In mouse, Nanog starts to be strongly expressed as early as the morula stage, whereas in porcine NANOG starts to be strongly expressed by the late blastocyst stage. Therefore, here we investigated both the effect of expressing NANOG on porcine embryos early from the morula stage and the efficiency of porcine pluripotent embryonic stem cell clone formation. Compared with intact porcine embryos, NANOG overexpression induced a lower blastocyst rate, and did not show any advantages for embryo development and pluripotent embryonic stem cell line formation. These results indicated that, although NANOG is important pluripotent factor, NANOG overexpression is unnecessary for the initial formation of porcine pluripotent embryonic stem cell clones in vitro.

scholarly journals A Novel Purification Method of Murine Embryonic Stem Cell– and Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell–Derived Cardiomyocytes by Simple Manual Dissociation

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadahiro Shinozawa ◽  
Hatsue Furukawa ◽  
Eimei Sato ◽  
Kenji Takami
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Thin Glass ◽  
Murine Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Induced Pluripotent

Cardiomyocytes derived from embryonic stem cells (ES-CMs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS-CMs) are useful for toxicity and pharmacology screening. In the present study, we found that cardiomyocyte-rich beating cell clusters (CCs) emerged from murine embryonic stem cell (mESC)–derived beating EBs and from human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)–derived beating EBs dissociated by gentle pipetting with a thin glass pipette. The percentage of cardiac troponin T (cTnT)–positive cells in the beating CCs obtained from mESC-derived and hiPSC-derived beating EBs was higher (81.5% and 91.6%, respectively) than in beating-undissociated EBs (13.7% and 67.1%, respectively). For mESCs, the yield of cTnT-positive cells from beating CCs was estimated to be 1.6 times higher than that of beating EBs. The bromodeoxyuridine labeling index of mouse ES-CMs and human iPS-CMs in beating CCs was 1.5- and 3.2-fold, respectively, greater than those in beating EBs. To investigate the utility of the cells in toxicity assessment, we showed that doxorubicin, a cardiotoxic drug, induced myofilament disruption in cardiomyocytes isolated by this method. This simple method enables preparation of mouse ES-CMs and human iPS-CMs with better proliferative activity than beating EBs not dissociated by pipetting, and the cardiomyocytes are useful for drug-induced myocardial toxicity testing.

scholarly journals The action behind the words: embryonic stem cell research marches on

2006 ◽  
Vol 174 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-746 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Research ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cell Research ◽  
Medical Resource ◽  
Stem Cell Science

Talk of policy has dominated talk of science for those interested in embryonic stem cell science. But research is continuing, and the advances are making clear why embryonic stem cells are such an important scientific and medical resource.

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