scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Manipulation as a Tool for Colorectal Cancer Management: Recent Advances in Its Use for Therapeutic Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5389
Author(s):  
Federica Perillo ◽  
Chiara Amoroso ◽  
Francesco Strati ◽  
Maria Rita Giuffrè ◽  
Angélica Díaz-Basabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Host Microbe Interactions

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifaceted disease influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. A large body of literature has demonstrated the role of gut microbes in promoting inflammatory responses, creating a suitable microenvironment for the development of skewed interactions between the host and the gut microbiota and cancer initiation. Even if surgery is the primary therapeutic strategy, patients with advanced disease or cancer recurrence after surgery remain difficult to cure. Therefore, the gut microbiota has been proposed as a novel therapeutic target in light of recent promising data in which it seems to modulate the response to cancer immunotherapy. The use of microbe-targeted therapies, including antibiotics, prebiotics, live biotherapeutics, and fecal microbiota transplantation, is therefore considered to support current therapies in CRC management. In this review, we will discuss the importance of host−microbe interactions in CRC and how promoting homeostatic immune responses through microbe-targeted therapies may be useful in preventing/treating CRC development.

scholarly journals Therapeutic methods of gut microbiota modification in colorectal cancer management – fecal microbiota transplantation, prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics

Gut Microbes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1518-1530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kaźmierczak-Siedlecka ◽  
Agnieszka Daca ◽  
Mateusz Fic ◽  
Thierry van de Wetering ◽  
Marcin Folwarski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Management

scholarly journals Interplay between the Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Mediators in the Development of Colorectal Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Gwangbeom Heo ◽  
Yunna Lee ◽  
Eunok Im
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Tumor Metastasis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Inflammatory mediators modulate inflammatory pathways during the development of colorectal cancer. Inflammatory mediators secreted by both immune and tumor cells can influence carcinogenesis, progression, and tumor metastasis. The gut microbiota, which colonize the entire intestinal tract, especially the colon, are closely linked to colorectal cancer through an association with inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor, nuclear factor kappa B, interleukins, and interferons. This association may be a potential therapeutic target, since therapeutic interventions targeting the gut microbiota have been actively investigated in both the laboratory and in clinics and include fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Umair Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Arshad ◽  
Aysha Sameen ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Dynamic Population

The gut microbiota (GM) represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms and about 100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells that dwell in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies suggest that the GM can influence the health of the host, and several factors can modify the GM composition, such as diet, drug intake, lifestyle, and geographical locations. Gut dysbiosis can affect brain immune homeostasis through the microbiota–gut–brain axis and can play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD is still elusive, but emerging evidence suggests that it can enhance the secretion of lipopolysaccharides and amyloids that may disturb intestinal permeability and the blood–brain barrier. In addition, it can promote the hallmarks of AD, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta formation, insulin resistance, and ultimately the causation of neural death. Poor dietary habits and aging, along with inflammatory responses due to dysbiosis, may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, GM modulation through diet, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation could represent potential therapeutics in AD. In this review, we discuss the role of GM dysbiosis in AD and potential therapeutic strategies to modulate GM in AD.

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Prevents Intestinal Injury, Upregulation of Toll-Like Receptors, and 5-Fluorouracil/Oxaliplatin-Induced Toxicity in Colorectal Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wei Chang ◽  
Hung-Chang Lee ◽  
Li-Hui Li ◽  
Jen-Shiu Chiang Chiau ◽  
Tsang-En Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Common Adverse Effect ◽  
Mucosal Injury ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Injury ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Adenocarcinoma Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucositis

FOLFOX (5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin), a 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy regimen, is one of most common therapeutic regimens for colorectal cancer. However, intestinal mucositis is a common adverse effect for which no effective preventive strategies exist. Moreover, the efficacy and the safety of fecal microbiota transplants (FMT) in cancer patients treated with anti-neoplastic agents are still scant. We investigated the effect of FMT on FOLFOX-induced mucosal injury. BALB/c mice implanted with syngeneic CT26 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells were orally administered FMT daily during and two days after five-day injection of FOLFOX regimen for seven days. Administration of FOLFOX significantly induced marked levels of diarrhea and intestinal injury. FMT reduced the severity of diarrhea and intestinal mucositis. Additionally, the number of goblet cells and zonula occludens-1 decreased, while apoptotic and NF-κB-positive cells increased following FOLFOX treatment. The expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), MyD88, and serum IL-6 were upregulated following FOLFOX treatment. These responses were attenuated following FMT. The disrupted fecal gut microbiota composition was also restored by FMT after FOLFOX treatment. Importantly, FMT did not cause bacteremia and safely alleviated FOLFOX-induced intestinal mucositis in colorectal cancer-bearing mice. The putative mechanism may involve the gut microbiota TLR-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway in mice with implanted colorectal carcinoma cells.

scholarly journals What Is Known about Theragnostic Strategies in Colorectal Cancer

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Alessandro Parisi ◽  
Giampiero Porzio ◽  
Fanny Pulcini ◽  
Katia Cannita ◽  
Corrado Ficorella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Liquid Biopsy ◽  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Residual Disease ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Systemic Treatments ◽  
Metastatic Setting

Despite the paradigmatic shift occurred in recent years for defined molecular subtypes in the metastatic setting treatment, colorectal cancer (CRC) still remains an incurable disease in most of the cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new tools and biomarkers for both early tumor diagnosis and to improve personalized treatment. Thus, liquid biopsy has emerged as a minimally invasive tool that is capable of detecting genomic alterations from primary or metastatic tumors, allowing the prognostic stratification of patients, the detection of the minimal residual disease after surgical or systemic treatments, the monitoring of therapeutic response, and the development of resistance, establishing an opportunity for early intervention before imaging detection or worsening of clinical symptoms. On the other hand, preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrated the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in promoting inflammatory responses and cancer initiation. Altered gut microbiota is associated with resistance to chemo drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors, whereas the use of microbe-targeted therapies including antibiotics, pre-probiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation can restore response to anticancer drugs, promote immune response, and therefore support current treatment strategies in CRC. In this review, we aim to summarize preclinical and clinical evidence for the utilization of liquid biopsy and gut microbiota in CRC.

Ethanol: striking the cardiovascular system by harming the gut microbiota

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla B P Silva ◽  
Jefferson Elias-Oliveira ◽  
Cameron G. McCarthy ◽  
Camilla F. Wenceslau ◽  
Daniela Carlos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Ethanol Consumption ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Significant Public Health

Ethanol consumption represents a significant public health problem, and excessive ethanol intake is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. The mechanisms underlying the effects of ethanol on the cardiovascular system are complex and not fully comprehended. The gut microbiota and their metabolites are indispensable symbionts essential for health and homeostasis and therefore, have emerged as potential contributors to ethanol-induced cardiovascular system dysfunction. By mechanisms that are not completely understood, the gut microbiota modulates the immune system and activates several signaling pathways that stimulate inflammatory responses, which in turn, contribute to the development and progression of CVD. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical evidence on the effects of ethanol in the gut microbiota and discusses the mechanisms by which ethanol-induced gut dysbiosis leads to the activation of the immune system and cardiovascular dysfunction. The crosstalk between ethanol consumption and the gut microbiota and its implications are detailed. In summary, an imbalance in the symbiotic relationship between the host and the commensal microbiota in a holobiont, as seen with ethanol consumption, may contribute to CVD. Therefore, manipulating the gut microbiota, by using antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation might prove a valuable opportunity to prevent/mitigate the deleterious effects of ethanol and improve cardiovascular health and risk prevention.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Colorectal Cancer: The Bad and the Challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanru Zhang ◽  
Yaping An ◽  
Xiali Qin ◽  
Xuemei Wu ◽  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Nitroso Compounds ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Complex Ecosystem ◽  
Crc Management

Accumulating evidence from studies in humans and animal models has elucidated that gut microbiota, acting as a complex ecosystem, contributes critically to colorectal cancer (CRC). The potential mechanisms often reported emphasize the vital role of carcinogenic activities of specific pathogens, but in fact, a series of metabolites produced from exogenous dietary substrates or endogenous host compounds occupy a decisive position similarly. Detrimental gut microbiota-derived metabolites such as trimethylamine-N-oxide, secondary bile acids, hydrogen sulfide and N-nitroso compounds could reconstruct the ecological composition and metabolic activity of intestinal microorganisms and formulate a microenvironment that opens susceptibility to carcinogenic stimuli. They are implicated in the occurrence, progression and metastasis of CRC through different mechanisms, including inducing inflammation and DNA damage, activating tumorigenic signaling pathways and regulating tumor immunity. In this review, we mainly summarized the intimate relationship between detrimental gut microbiota-derived metabolites and CRC, and updated the current knowledge about detrimental metabolites in CRC pathogenesis. Then, multiple interventions targeting these metabolites for CRC management were critically reviewed, including diet modulation, probiotics/prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, as well as more precise measures such as engineered bacteria, phage therapy and chemopreventive drugs. A better understanding of the interplay between detrimental microbial metabolites and CRC would hold great promise against CRC.

scholarly journals Malnutrition Accelerates Colorectal Cancer Progression through Macrophage Activated by B Cells Immune via Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Chao ◽  
Li Dechuan ◽  
Wang Ziwei ◽  
Wang Yan ◽  
Xu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Mice Model

Abstract Background: Malnutrition threatened the clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) by reducing patients’ responses to anti-cancer treatments and ultimately shortening thesurvival time. Recently malnutrition has been confirmed to play an important role in CRC progress via gut microbiota. However, roles of gut microbiota in the immunopathogenesis of malnutrition and its underlying mechanisms remain inconclusive. Methods: Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) was performed to determine the nutrition status in colon cancer patients. 16srRNA sequencing was prepared to explore the dramatic variation of the fecal microbiota among patients with different nutrition status. Fecal microbiota transplantation was used to transplant into C57BL/6J mice model and DSS/AOM mice model. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were applied to test the CD makers. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting was also prepared to explore the B cells and macrophage from serum and tissues. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and qPCR were used to determine the expression level of cytokines.Results: In this work, we found the specific microbiota species including Atopobium.vaginae, Selenomonas.sputigena and Faecalibacterium.prausnitzii, which may be considered as the diagnostic biomarkers to help improve poor prognosis in CRC. These microbiota were found to be protumorigenic and adversely affect the nutritional status and overall survival of the animal models. More importantly, our evidence suggesting that these fecal microbiota recruited B cells and macrophage to activate the specific tumor immune in CRC. Depletion of B cells significantly suppressed fecal microbiota induced-M2b polarization, as well as the protumorigenic activity of tumor-associated macrophages in vivo.Conclusion: gut microbiome in CRC under malnutrition status could upregulate the activity of B cells and protumorigenic macrophage in CRC. Gut microbiome intervention could be a feasible approach to malnutrition-related CRC treatment.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota restoration through fecal microbiota transplantation: a new atopic dermatitis therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jong-Hwa Kim ◽  
Kiyoung Kim ◽  
Wonyong Kim
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Th1 And Th2 Cytokines ◽  
Calprotectin Level ◽  
Donor State

AbstractThe pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) involves complex factors, including gut microbiota and immune modulation, which remain poorly understood. The aim of this study was to restore gut microbiota via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) to ameliorate AD in mice. FMT was performed using stool from donor mice. The gut microbiota was characterized via 16S rRNA sequencing and analyzed using Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology 2 with the DADA2 plugin. Gut metabolite levels were determined by measuring fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents. AD-induced allergic responses were evaluated by analyzing blood parameters (IgE levels and eosinophil percentage, eosinophil count, basophil percentage, and monocyte percentage), the levels of Th1 and Th2 cytokines, dermatitis score, and the number of mast cells in the ileum and skin tissues. Calprotectin level was measured to assess gut inflammation after FMT. FMT resulted in the restoration of gut microbiota to the donor state and increases in the levels of SCFAs as gut metabolites. In addition, FMT restored the Th1/Th2 balance, modulated Tregs through gut microbiota, and reduced IgE levels and the numbers of mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils. FMT is associated with restoration of gut microbiota and immunologic balance (Th1/Th2) along with suppression of AD-induced allergic responses and is thus a potential new therapy for AD.

scholarly journals Insights into the Impact of Microbiota in the Treatment of NAFLD/NASH and Its Potential as a Biomarker for Prognosis and Diagnosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Julio Plaza-Díaz ◽  
Patricio Solis-Urra ◽  
Jerónimo Aragón-Vela ◽  
Fernando Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Jorge Olivares-Arancibia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Impact

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an increasing cause of chronic liver illness associated with obesity and metabolic disorders, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, or type 2 diabetes mellitus. A more severe type of NAFLD, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), is considered an ongoing global health threat and dramatically increases the risks of cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several reports have demonstrated that liver steatosis is associated with the elevation of certain clinical and biochemical markers but with low predictive potential. In addition, current imaging methods are inaccurate and inadequate for quantification of liver steatosis and do not distinguish clearly between the microvesicular and the macrovesicular types. On the other hand, an unhealthy status usually presents an altered gut microbiota, associated with the loss of its functions. Indeed, NAFLD pathophysiology has been linked to lower microbial diversity and a weakened intestinal barrier, exposing the host to bacterial components and stimulating pathways of immune defense and inflammation via toll-like receptor signaling. Moreover, this activation of inflammation in hepatocytes induces progression from simple steatosis to NASH. In the present review, we aim to: (a) summarize studies on both human and animals addressed to determine the impact of alterations in gut microbiota in NASH; (b) evaluate the potential role of such alterations as biomarkers for prognosis and diagnosis of this disorder; and (c) discuss the involvement of microbiota in the current treatment for NAFLD/NASH (i.e., bariatric surgery, physical exercise and lifestyle, diet, probiotics and prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document