scholarly journals Phospholipid Signaling Is a Component of the Salicylic Acid Response in Plant Cell Suspension Cultures

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (15) ◽  
pp. 5285
Author(s):  
Beatriz A. Rodas-Junco ◽  
Geovanny I. Nic-Can ◽  
Armando Muñoz-Sánchez ◽  
S. M. Teresa Hernández-Sotomayor
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Phospholipase D ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Plant Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Plant Cell Suspension ◽  
Phospholipid Signaling ◽  
Sa Signaling

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule involved in plant defense. While many proteins play essential roles in SA signaling, increasing evidence shows that responses to SA appear to involve and require lipid signals. The phospholipid-generated signal transduction involves a family of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis or phosphorylation of phospholipids in membranes to generate signaling molecules, which are important in the plant cellular response. In this review, we focus first, the role of SA as a mitigator in biotic/abiotic stress. Later, we describe the experimental evidence supporting the phospholipid–SA connection in plant cells, emphasizing the roles of the secondary lipid messengers (phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and phosphatidic acid (PA)) and related enzymes (phospholipase D (PLD) and phospholipase C (PLC)). By placing these recent finding in context of phospholipids and SA in plant cells, we highlight the role of phospholipids as modulators in the early steps of SA triggered transduction in plant cells.

1H-NMR-based metabolomic of plant cell suspension cultures of Thevetia peruviana treated with salicylic acid and methyl jasmonate

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 217-229
Author(s):  
Dary Mendoza ◽  
Juan Pablo Arias ◽  
Olmedo Cuaspud ◽  
Nuria Esturau-Escofet ◽  
Circe C. Hernández-Espino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
1H Nmr ◽  
Plant Cell ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Plant Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Plant Cell Suspension ◽  
Thevetia Peruviana

scholarly journals Endotransglycosylation of xyloglucans in plant cell suspension cultures

1991 ◽  
Vol 279 (2) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Smith ◽  
S C Fry
Keyword(s):  
Plant Cell ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Extracellular Polymers ◽  
Plant Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Plant Cell Suspension ◽  
Wall Loosening

1. A xyloglucan-derived nonasaccharide ([3H]XG9; Glc4,Xyl3,Gal,Fuc) was neither taken up by cultured plant cells nor appreciably hydrolysed by them, but a proportion of it became incorporated into extracellular polymers in all cultures tested (Spinacia, Daucus, Rosa, Acer, Capsicum, Zea and Festuca). 2. In Spinacia these polymers were soluble in 20% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid, had apparent Mr 20,000-30,000, were able to bind reversibly to cellulose powder and were susceptible to hydrolysis by endo-beta-(1→4)-D-glucanase, indicating that they were xyloglucans. 3. The linkage formed between [3H]XG9 and the xyloglucan was alkali-stable and glucanase-labile, indicating that the reaction responsible for the incorporation was a transglycosylation. 4. The reducing terminus of the XG9 moiety remained reducing (convertible into [3H]glucitol by NaBH4) after incorporation into the polymer, showing that the XG9 was the glycosyl acceptor and the polysaccharide the donor. 5. The results provide the first evidence that polymeric xyloglucans are subject in vivo to cleavage followed by transfer of the cut end on the other xyloglucan-related molecules. 6. Similar endotransglycosylation reactions could occur within the primary cell wall, between pairs of high-Mr structural xyloglucan molecules. Such a reaction would provide a mechanism for reversible wall loosening and may thus be relevant to our understanding of plant cell growth.

scholarly journals Restoration of Defective Cross Talk in ssi2 Mutants: Role of Salicylic Acid, Jasmonic Acid, and Fatty Acids in SSI2-Mediated Signaling

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1022-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kachroo ◽  
Aardra Kachroo ◽  
Ludmila Lapchyk ◽  
David Hildebrand ◽  
Daniel F. Klessig
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Cross Talk ◽  
Pr Genes ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Basal Level Expression ◽  
Sa Signaling ◽  
Spontaneous Cell Death

The Arabidopsis mutants ssi2 and fab2 are defective in stearoyl ACP desaturase, which causes altered salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated defense signaling. Both ssi2 and fab2 plants show spontaneous cell death, express PR genes constitutively, accumulate high levels of SA, and exhibit enhanced resistance to bacterial and oomycete pathogens. In contrast to constitutive activation of the SA pathway, ssi2 and fab2 plants are repressed in JA-mediated induction of the PDF1.2 gene, which suggests that the SSI2-mediated signaling pathway modulates cross talk between the SA and JA pathways. In this study, we have characterized two recessive nonallelic mutants in the ssi2 background, designated as rdc (restorer of defective cross talk) 2 and rdc8. Both ssi2 rdc mutants are suppressed in constitutive SA signaling, show basal level expression of PR-1 gene, and induce high levels of PDF1.2 in response to exogenous application of JA. Interestingly, while the rdc8 mutation completely abolishes spontaneous cell death in ssi2 rdc8 plants, the ssi2 rdc2 plants continue to show some albeit reduced cell death. Fatty acid (FA) analysis showed a reduction in 16:3 levels in ssi2 rdc8 plants, which suggests that this mutation may limit the flux of FAs into the pro-karyotic pathway of glycerolipid biosynthesis. Both rdc2 and rdc8 continue to accumulate high levels of 18:0, which suggests that 18:0 levels were responsible for neither constitutive SA signaling nor repression of JA-induced expression of the PDF1.2 gene in ssi2 plants. We also analyzed SA and JA responses of the fab2-derived shs1 mutant, which accumulates levels of 18:0 over 50% lower than those in the fab2 plants. Even though fab2 shs1 plants were morphologically bigger than fab2 plants, they expressed PR genes constitutively, showed HR-like cell death, and accumulated elevated levels of SA. However, unlike the ssi2 rdc plants, fab2 shs1 plants were unable to induce high levels of PDF1.2 expression in response to exogenous application of JA. Together, these results show that defective cross talk in ssi2 can be restored by second site mutations and is independent of morphological size of the plants, cell death, and elevated levels of 18:0.

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