scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Disorders and Metabolic Syndrome: Dysbiosis as a Key Link and Common Bioactive Dietary Components Useful for their Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4929
Author(s):  
Anna De Filippis ◽  
Hammad Ullah ◽  
Alessandra Baldi ◽  
Marco Dacrema ◽  
Cristina Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
High Rate ◽  
World Population ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Health And Wellness ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Dietary Components

Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, which include gastrointestinal reflux disease, gastric ulceration, inflammatory bowel disease, and other functional GI disorders, have become prevalent in a large part of the world population. Metabolic syndrome (MS) is cluster of disorders including obesity, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, and is associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality. Gut dysbiosis is one of the contributing factors to the pathogenesis of both GI disorder and MS, and restoration of normal flora can provide a potential protective approach in both these conditions. Bioactive dietary components are known to play a significant role in the maintenance of health and wellness, as they have the potential to modify risk factors for a large number of serious disorders. Different classes of functional dietary components, such as dietary fibers, probiotics, prebiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, and spices, possess positive impacts on human health and can be useful as alternative treatments for GI disorders and metabolic dysregulation, as they can modify the risk factors associated with these pathologies. Their regular intake in sufficient amounts also aids in the restoration of normal intestinal flora, resulting in positive regulation of insulin signaling, metabolic pathways and immune responses, and reduction of low-grade chronic inflammation. This review is designed to focus on the health benefits of bioactive dietary components, with the aim of preventing the development or halting the progression of GI disorders and MS through an improvement of the most important risk factors including gut dysbiosis.

scholarly journals Metabolic syndrome and heart failure: mechanism and management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidhi Laksono Purwowiyoto ◽  
Ananta Siddhi Prawara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
World Population ◽  
Neurohormonal Activation ◽  
Comprehensive Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Current Guidelines ◽  
Careful Management

Heart failure (HF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are syndromes that affect a large proportion of the world population. MetS is known to be one of the risk factors of HF, and it can also act as comorbidity in HF. This review aims to further discuss the mechanism of MetS in causing HF, the management of MetS in order to prevent HF, and the management of MetS in HF patients. Visceral adiposity is the primary trigger of MetS which is followed by chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and neurohormonal activation. All the mechanisms causing MetS play also an important role in the progression of HF. The MetS approach can be achieved by managing its components according to the current guidelines and careful management of MetS should be done in patients with HF. MetS is closely related to the progression of HF so that comprehensive management which involves a multidisciplinary team is necessary for managing patients with metabolic syndrome and heart failure.

Increased left ventricular arrhythmogenicity in metabolic syndrome and relationship with myocardial performance, risk factors for atherosclerosis, and low-grade inflammation

Metabolism ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Voulgari ◽  
Nicholas Tentolouris ◽  
Dimitrios Papadogiannis ◽  
Ioannis Moyssakis ◽  
Despoina Perrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Myocardial Performance ◽  
Performance Risk ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

scholarly journals Self-Nucleic Acid Sensing: A Novel Crucial Pathway Involved in Obesity-Mediated Metaflammation and Metabolic Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amandine Ferriere ◽  
Pauline Santa ◽  
Anne Garreau ◽  
Purbita Bandopadhyay ◽  
Patrick Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
World Population ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Obesity and overweight are a global health problem affecting almost one third of the world population. There are multiple complications associated with obesity including metabolic syndrome that commonly lead to development of type II diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The development of metabolic syndrome and severe complications associated with obesity is attributed to the chronic low-grade inflammation that occurs in metabolic tissues such as the liver and the white adipose tissue. In recent years, nucleic acids (mostly DNA), which accumulate systemically in obese individuals, were shown to aberrantly activate innate immune responses and thus to contribute to metabolic tissue inflammation. This minireview will focus on (i) the main sources and forms of nucleic acids that accumulate during obesity, (ii) the sensing pathways required for their detection, and (iii) the key cellular players involved in this process. Fully elucidating the role of nucleic acids in the induction of inflammation induced by obesity would promote the identification of new and long-awaited therapeutic approaches to limit obesity-mediated complications.

scholarly journals Nutrients, Nutraceuticals and Xenobiotics Affecting Renal Health

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmela Cosola ◽  
Alice Sabatino ◽  
Ighli di Bari ◽  
Enrico Fiaccadori ◽  
Loreto Gesualdo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Renal Damage ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Salt Restriction ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
And Function ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects worldwide 8-16% of the population. In developed countries, the most important risk factors for CKD are diabetes, hypertension and obesity, calling into question the importance of educating and acting on lifestyles and nutrition. A balanced nutrition and supplementation can indeed support the maintenance of a general health status, including preservation of renal function, and help to manage and curb the main risk factors for renal damage. While the concepts of protein and salt restriction in nephrology are historically acknowledged, the role of some nutrients on renal health and the importance of nutrition as a preventative measure for renal care are less known. In this review, we provide an overview of the demonstrated and potential actions of some selected nutrients, nutraceuticals and xenobiotics on renal health and function. The effects on kidney of fibres, proteins, fatty acids, curcumin, steviol glycosides, green tea, coffee, nitrates, nitrites, and alcohol, both direct and indirect, in CKD and non-CKD condition, are reviewed here. In a view of a functional and personalized nutrition, understanding the renal and systemic effects of dietary components is essential since many chronic conditions and CKD are related to systemic dysfunctions such as chronic low-grade inflammation.

scholarly journals The Effect of Low-Grade Chronic Inflammation on the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARINA GERGES
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese People ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Condition

It is well accepted that metabolic syndrome (MS) increases the risk for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), stroke and cancer [1] . Recently, the chronic inflammatory condition that often accompanies the MS has been implicated as a major factor both in the installation of the MS itself and its associated pathophysiological consequences [2] . However, the inflammatory state that accompanies the MS does not completely fit into the classical definition of acute or chronic inflammation, as it is not accompanied by infection; there is no massive tissue injury and the dimension of the inflammatory activation is also not large. So, it is often called low-grade chronic inflammation or meta-inflammation , meaning metabolically-triggered inflammation [3] . Several studies support the concept that a proinflammatory state is a component of the MS because of the strong association of elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) with MS-risk factors and high CRP levels impart risk for major coronary events beyond that imparted by the other metabolic risk factors. High-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) has been developed and used as a marker to predict coronary vascular diseases in the MS and it was recently used as a predictor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in correlation with serum markers that indicated lipid and glucose metabolism. However, the reasons for a link between inflammation and MS are not fully understood. One explanation may be that adipose tissue in obese people with MS releases increased amounts of cytokines into the circulation which in turn accounts for a greater production of CRP by the liver. Another possibility is that insulin resistance (IRalone is responsible for higher production of cytokines. Regardless of the mechanism, the finding that patients with MS exhibit characteristics of a proinflammatory state provide a new and exciting connection between inflammation and metabolic processes.

scholarly journals Elevated glycoprotein acetyl levels in adolescence and early adulthood predict adverse cardiometabolic profiles and risk of metabolic syndrome in up to 10 year follow-up

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott T Chiesa ◽  
Marietta Charakida ◽  
Georgios Georgiopoulos ◽  
Justin D Roberts ◽  
Simon J Stafford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Risk Profiles ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarker

Objective: Low-grade inflammation in the young may contribute to the early development of adverse cardiometabolic risk profiles. We assessed whether measures of glycoprotein acetylation (GlycA) were better able to detect the development of these changes compared to the more commonly used biomarker high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), and investigated whether these relationships differed in an adolescent compared to young adult cohort. Research Design and Methods: A total of 3306 adolescents (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children - ALSPAC; mean age 15.4 ± 0.3; n=1750) and young adults (Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study - YFS; mean age 32.1 ± 5.0; n=1556) were included. Inflammatory biomarkers (GlycA/CRP), body composition (BMI / waist circumference) and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL-c, glucose, insulin, and homeostasis model of insulin resistance [HOMA_IR]), were measured at baseline and again in 9-10 year follow-up. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was defined using adolescent-specific National Cholesterol Education Programme (NCEP) guidelines in ALSPAC and standard NCEP guidelines in YFS. Results: GlycA levels showed greater within-subject correlation over the 9-10 year duration of follow-up in both cohorts when compared to CRP, particularly in the younger adolescent group. In adjusted models, only GlycA was found to increase in line with cardiometabolic risk factor burden at baseline, and to predict adverse changes in several cardiometabolic risk factors in follow-up. In both cohorts, GlycA predicted future risk of MetS (OR [95%CI] for Q4 vs. Q1 = 1.95 [1.08,3.53] and 2.74 [1.30,5.73] for ALSPAC and YFS, respectively), whereas CRP showed a neutral or even negative relationship in fully-adjusted models (OR [95%CI] = 0.50 [0.29,0.86] and 0.93 [0.53,1.64]). Conclusions: Chronic inflammation is associated with adverse cardiometabolic risk profiles from as early as adolescence and predicts risk of future cardiometabolic risk and MetS in up to 10 year follow-up. GlycA may be a more sensitive inflammatory biomarker to CRP for detecting early cardiometabolic and cardiovascular risk in the young.

Serum Retinol and β-carotene Levels and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Morbid Obesity

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Villaça Chaves ◽  
Gisele Gonçalves de Souza ◽  
Andréa Cardoso de Matos ◽  
Dra. Wilza Abrantes Peres ◽  
Silvia Elaine Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
World Health ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Β Carotene

Objective: To evaluate retinol and β-carotene serum levels and their relationship with risk factors for cardiovascular disease in individuals with morbid obesity, resident in Rio de Janeiro. Methodology: Blood serum concentrations of retinol and β-carotene of 189 morbidly obese individuals were assessed. The metabolic syndrome was identified according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and World Health Organization (WHO). Lipid profile, insulin resistance, basal insulin, glycemia, blood pressure, and anthropometry and their correlation with retinol and β-carotene serum levels were evaluated. Results: Metabolic syndrome diagnosis was observed in 49.0% of the sample. Within this percentage the levels of β-carotene were significantly lower when body mass index increased. Serum retinol didn't show this behavior. Serum retinol inadequacy in patients with metabolic syndrome (61.3%), according to WHO criterion, was higher (15.8%) than when the whole sample was considered (12.7%). When metabolic syndrome was diagnosed by NCEP criterion, β-carotene inadequacy was higher (42.8%) when compared to the total sample (37.5%). There was a significant difference between average β-carotene values of patients with and without metabolic syndrome (p=0.048) according to the classification of the NCEP. Lower values were found in patients with metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: Considering the vitamin A contribution in antioxidant protection, especially when risk factors for cardiovascular disease are present, it is suggested that great attention be given to morbidly obese. This could aid in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease, which affects a significant part of the population.

Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among Vietnamese adults: prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility profile

MedPharmRes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Nguyen Phan ◽  
Hien Pham ◽  
Thuc Nguyen ◽  
Hoai Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Resistance Rate ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Weight History ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Vietnamese Community

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) has long been recognized as an important human pathogen causing many severe diseases. It is also a part of human normal flora with its ecological niche in the human anterior nares. This study focused on screening S. aureus nasal carriage in community and its relationship to human physiological and pathological factors which have not been studied in Vietnam previously. Two hundred and five volunteers in Ho Chi Minh City from 18 to 35 and over 59 years old both male and female participated in the study. Result showed that the prevalence of S. aureus nasal carriage in southern Vietnamese community was relatively low, only 11.2% (23/205), much lower than that in other international reports on human S. aureus. In addition, nasal carriage of the older age group (> 59 years old, 13.7%) was higher than that of younger age (18-35 years old, 10.4%). Other potential risk factors such as gender, career, height, weight, history of antibiotic usage, daily nasal wash, use of nasal medication sprays, acne problems, smoking and nasal problems showed no significant impact on S. aureus carriage. The obtained S. aureus nasal isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin. Lincomycin and tetracycline had low resistance rate with 4.3 % and 17.4 %, respectively. However, the isolates showed particularly high rate of multidrug resistance (54.2%) In summary, our data provided researchers an overview on S. aureus nasal carriage and antibiotic susceptibility profile of the community- isolated S. aureus in Vietnam. This would serve as valuable information on assessing risk of community-acquired S. aureus infections.

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