scholarly journals Metabolic Shift of an Isogenic Strain of Enterococcus faecalis 14, Deficient in Its Own Bacteriocin Synthesis, as Revealed by a Transcriptomic Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4653
Author(s):  
Rabia Ladjouzi ◽  
Anca Lucau-Danila ◽  
Djamel Drider
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Colorectal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Associated Function ◽  
Upregulated Genes

The production of antimicrobial molecules often involves complex biological pathways. This study aimed at understanding the metabolic and physiological networks of enterocin EntDD14-associated function, in the bacteriocinogenic strain, Enterococcus faecalis 14. A global and comparative transcriptomic study was carried out on E. faecalis 14 and its isogenic mutant Δbac, inactivated in genes coding for EntDD14. The in vitro ability to form biofilm on polystyrene plates was assessed by the crystal violet method, while the cytotoxicity on human colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells was determined by the Cell Counting Kit-8. Transcriptomic data revealed that 71 genes were differentially expressed in both strains. As expected, genes coding for EntDD14 were downregulated in the Δbac mutant, whereas the other 69 genes were upregulated. Upregulated genes were associated with phage-related chromosomal islands, biofilm formation capability, resistance to environmental stresses, and metabolic reprogramming. Interestingly, the Δbac mutant showed an improved bacterial growth, a high capacity to form biofilm on inanimate surfaces and a very weak cytotoxicity level. These multiple metabolic rearrangements delineate a new line of defense to counterbalance the loss of EntDD14.

scholarly journals Host metabolic reprogramming in response to SARS-Cov-2 infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S T R Moolamalla ◽  
Ruchi Chauhan ◽  
U Deva Priyakumar ◽  
P K Vinod
Keyword(s):  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Polyamine Synthesis ◽  
Transcriptomic Data ◽  
Metabolic Genes ◽  
Genome Scale ◽  
Host Metabolism

AbstractUnderstanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 is important for developing effective treatment strategies. Viruses hijack the host metabolism to redirect the resources for their replication and survival. How SARS-CoV-2 influences the host metabolism is still unclear. In this study, we analyzed transcriptomic data obtained from different human respiratory cell lines and patient samples (Swab, PBMC, lung biopsy, BALF) to understand the metabolic alterations in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. For this purpose, the expression pattern of metabolic genes in the human genome-scale metabolic network model Recon3D was explored. We identified metabolic genes and pathways and reporter metabolites under each SARS-CoV-2-infected condition and compared them to identify common and unique changes in the metabolism. Our analysis revealed host-dependent dysregulation of glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism, amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, polyamine synthesis, and lipid metabolism. We observed different metabolic changes that are pro- and antiviral in nature. We generated hypotheses on how antiviral metabolism can be targeted/enhanced for reducing viral titers. These warrant further exploration with more samples and in vitro studies to test predictions.

scholarly journals In Vitro Activities of Telavancin and Vancomycin against Biofilm-Producing Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis Strains

2009 ◽  
Vol 53 (7) ◽  
pp. 3166-3169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry L. LaPlante ◽  
Leonard A. Mermel
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Unique Role

ABSTRACT We investigated the activities of telavancin and vancomycin against biofilm-producing Staphylococcus and Enterococcus strains. At clinically attainable concentrations, telavancin was active against bacteria embedded in biofilm (minimal biofilm eradication concentration [MBEC], 0.125 to 2 μg/ml) and inhibited biofilm formation at concentrations below the MIC. Vancomycin did not demonstrate the same activity (MBEC, ≥512 μg/ml) against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Telavancin may have a unique role in biofilm-associated infections.

scholarly journals The effect of berberine hydrochloride on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation and dispersion in vitro

2016 ◽  
Vol 186-187 ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Chen ◽  
Qianqian Bu ◽  
Huan Xu ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Pengfei She ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Berberine Hydrochloride

scholarly journals Relative Contributions of Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF Sortase-Encoding Genes, srtA and bps (srtC), to Biofilm Formation and a Murine Model of Urinary Tract Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 5399-5404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelvin D. Kemp ◽  
Kavindra V. Singh ◽  
Sreedhar R. Nallapareddy ◽  
Barbara E. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
Pilus Biogenesis ◽  
Surface Localization

ABSTRACT Deletion mutants of the two sortase genes of Enterococcus faecalis OG1RF were constructed. srtC (renamed here bps for biofilm and pilus-associated sortase) was previously shown to be necessary for the production of Ebp pili and important for biofilm formation and endocarditis. Here, we report that a srtA deletion mutant showed a small (5%) yet significant (P = 0.037) reduction in biofilm relative to OG1RF, while a ΔsrtA Δbps double mutant showed a much greater reduction (74% versus OG1RF and 44% versus the Δbps mutant). In a murine urinary tract infection (UTI), the 50% infective doses of both the ΔsrtA Δbps and Δbps mutants were ∼2 log10 greater than that of OG1RF or the ΔsrtA mutant. Similarly, ∼2 log10 fewer bacteria were recovered from the kidneys after infection with the Δbps mutant (P = 0.017) and the ΔsrtA Δbps double mutant (P = 0.022) compared to wild-type strain OG1RF. In a competition UTI, the Δbps mutant was slightly, but not significantly, less attenuated than the ΔsrtA Δbps double mutant. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis with Ebp-specific antibodies confirmed that a minority of OG1RF cells express Ebp pili on their surface in vitro and that Bps has a major role in Ebp pilus biogenesis but also indicated a function for SrtA in surface localization of the pilus subunit protein EbpA. In conclusion, deletion of bps had a major effect on virulence in murine UTIs, as well as biofilm; deletion of srtA from OG1RF had little effect on these phenotypes, but its deletion from a bps mutant had a pronounced effect on biofilm, suggesting that Bps and/or the proteins it anchors may compensate for the loss of some SrtA function(s).

scholarly journals Comparative study among clinical and commensal isolates of Enterococcus faecalis for presence of esp gene and biofilm production

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (05) ◽  
pp. 365-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giridhara PM Upadhyaya ◽  
Umapathy B Lingadevaru ◽  
Ravikumar K Lingegowda
Keyword(s):  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biofilm Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Production ◽  
Stool Specimens

Introduction: Because of increasing difficulty in treating enterococcal infections, effort is being devoted to understanding factors that are responsible for causing nosocomial infection, with a focus toward targeting these factors with new therapeutics. Evidence has emerged that the esp gene mediates biofilm formation in vitro, which helps the organism colonize and cause infection. Methodology: This study was conducted over a four-year period in a tertiary-care hospital. There were 200 clinical pathogenic strains isolated from nosocomial infections and 100 commensals from stool specimens of healthy individuals. The study compared the production of biofilm and detection of the esp gene among clinical and commensal isolates. Results: Among 200 clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis 65 (32.5%) isolates were positive for biofilm production and 60 (30%) for the esp gene by PCR. Among 100 commensal isolates, 16     (8%) and 14 (7%) were positive for biofilm formation and the esp gene, respectively. Five clinical and two commensal isolates produced biofilm without any amplification of the esp gene. Conclusion: The study shows a significant difference in production of biofilm and presence of the esp gene between clinical and commensal isolates (P < 0.002). Therefore, it can be concluded that biofilm production has an important role in causing nosocomial infection. Although detection of the esp gene correlates with biofilm production, it may not be the only factor determining the formation of biofilm since few isolates produced biofilm without the esp gene. Strains isolated from indwelling medical devices showed high production of biofilm and esp gene.

scholarly journals c-di-AMP is essential for the virulence of Enterococcus faecalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Kundra ◽  
Ling Ning Lam ◽  
Jessica K. Kajfasz ◽  
Leila Casella ◽  
Marissa J Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Bacterial Fitness ◽  
Key Aspects

Second messenger nucleotides are produced by bacteria in response to environmental stimuli and play a major role in the regulation of processes associated with bacterial fitness, including but not limited to osmoregulation, envelope homeostasis, central metabolism, and biofilm formation. In this study, we uncovered the biological significance of c-di-AMP in the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis by isolating and characterizing strains lacking genes responsible for c-di-AMP synthesis (cdaA) and degradation (dhhP and gdpP). Using complementary approaches, we demonstrated that either complete loss of c-di-AMP (ΔcdaA strain) or c-di-AMP accumulation (ΔdhhP, ΔgdpP and ΔdhhPΔgdpP strains) drastically impaired general cell fitness and virulence of E. faecalis. In particular, the ΔcdaA strain was highly sensitive to envelope-targeting antibiotics, was unable to multiply and quickly lost viability in human serum or urine ex vivo, and was avirulent in an invertebrate (Galleria mellonella) and in two catheter-associated mouse infection models that recapitulate key aspects of enterococcal infections in humans. In addition to evidence linking these phenotypes to altered activity of metabolite and peptide transporters and inability to maintain osmobalance, we found that the attenuated virulence of ΔcdaA could be also attributed to a defect in Ebp pilus production and activity that severely impaired biofilm formation under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Collectively, these results reveal that c-di-AMP signaling is essential for E. faecalis pathogenesis and a desirable target for drug development.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF ANTIBACTERIAL EFFICACY BETWEEN XANTHORRHIZOL (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA ROXB.) AND CHLORHEXIDINE 2% AGAINST ENTEROCOCCUS FAECALIS CLINICAL ISOLATE BIOFILM

2020 ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
RIZA PERMITASARI ◽  
KAMIZAR NAZAR ◽  
RATNA MEIDYAWATI ◽  
RIZKA EKA PRASETYANTI
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Curcuma Xanthorrhiza ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Objective: In root canal treatments, chlorhexidine (CHX) is widely used for irrigation and is effective in killing Enterococcus faecalis. CHX is a syntheticchemical and is toxic to host cells; therefore, natural or herbal irrigation solutions, which are safer but still effective, are necessary. The aim of thisstudy is to analyze the effect of xanthorrhizol (XNT) derived from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. on E. faecalis clinical isolate biofilm formation (0.5%,0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5%).Methods: The MTT assay and total plate count were performed for assessing the effectiveness of herbal ingredients, while CHX (2%) was used as apositive control. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests for analyzing differences between groups.Results: Xanthorrhizol concentrations of 0.5%, 0.75%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5% reduced the amount of bacteria that grew as biofilms in vitro. We foundthat the ability of xanthorrhizol 1% to inhibit E. faecalis biofilm formation was not significantly different compared with that of CHX 2% (p>0.05).Conclusion: Xanthorrhizol 1% can inhibit biofilm formation by E. faecalis. Further studies are required to confirm this preliminary result.

scholarly journals Aberrant SLC6A14 Expression Promotes Proliferation and Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer Via Enhancing the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongli Mao ◽  
Jinxiu Sheng ◽  
Jinlin Jia ◽  
Chang Wang ◽  
Shanfeng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Advanced Tumor Stage ◽  
Stat3 Signaling

Abstract Background: Solute carrier family 6 member 14 (SLC6A14) is a high-capacity amino acid transporter in mammalian cells. It has gained increasing attention for its potential involvement in the progression and metabolic reprogramming of various malignant tumors. However, the role of SLC6A14 in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. Methods: Real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry were carried out to detect the expression level of SLC6A14 in human CRC tissues and CRC-derived cell lines. HCT-116 and Caco-2 cell lines were selected to conduct the in vitro functional studies. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, flow cytometry, cell migration and invasion assays were performed to investigate the role of SLC6A14 in CRC cells. Besides, Azoxymethane/Dextran Sulfate Sodium Salt (AOM/DSS)-induced CRC and tumor xenograft models were constructed to explore the effects of SLC6A14 blockade or overexpression on tumor progression in vivo. Results: SLC6A14 was substantially increased in human CRC samples and higher levels of SLC6A14 was correlated with advanced tumor stage, lymph node metastasis and dismal survival of CRC patients. SLC6A14 markedly promoted cell growth, inhibited cell apoptosis, exacerbated migration and invasion of CRC cells in vitro. Mechanistically, SLC6A14 aggravated these malignant phenotypes through activating JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway, and inhibiting JAK2/STAT3 signaling with specific inhibitors could reverse SLC6A14-mediated tumorigenic effects. Besides, two different animal studies verified the tumor-promoting effect of SLC6A14 in CRC. Conclusion: Our data illustrated the crucial function that SLC6A14 played in the promotion of CRC, suggesting SLC6A14/JAK2/STAT3 axis may serve as novel therapeutic targets for patients with CRC.

scholarly journals In vitro enterococcus faecalis biofilm formation on five adhesive systems

2012 ◽  
pp. e501-e505 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Baca ◽  
MFA. de Freitas ◽  
CM. Ferrer-Luque ◽  
MP. Gonzalez-Rodriguez ◽  
MT. Arias-Moliz
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Adhesive Systems

scholarly journals c-di-AMP is essential for the virulence of Enterococcus faecalis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivani Kundra ◽  
Ling Ning Lam ◽  
Jessica K. Kajfasz ◽  
Leila G. Casella ◽  
Marissa J. Andersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Biological Significance ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Bacterial Fitness ◽  
Key Aspects

Second messenger nucleotides are produced by bacteria in response to environmental stimuli and play a major role in the regulation of processes associated with bacterial fitness, including but not limited to osmoregulation, envelope homeostasis, central metabolism, and biofilm formation. In this study, we uncovered the biological significance of c-di-AMP in the opportunistic pathogen Enterococcus faecalis by isolating and characterizing strains lacking genes responsible for c-di-AMP synthesis ( cdaA ) and degradation ( dhhP and gdpP ). Using complementary approaches, we demonstrated that either complete loss of c-di-AMP (Δ cdaA strain) or c-di-AMP accumulation (Δ dhhP , Δ gdpP and Δ dhhP Δ gdpP strains) drastically impaired general cell fitness and virulence of E. faecalis . In particular, the Δ cdaA strain was highly sensitive to envelope-targeting antibiotics, was unable to multiply and quickly lost viability in human serum or urine ex vivo , and was virtually avirulent in an invertebrate ( Galleria mellonella ) and in two catheter-associated mouse infection models that recapitulate key aspects of enterococcal infections in humans. In addition to evidence linking these phenotypes to altered activity of metabolite and peptide transporters and inability to maintain osmobalance, we found that the attenuated virulence of Δ cdaA could be also attributed to a defect in Ebp pilus production and activity that severely impaired biofilm formation under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Collectively, these results demonstrate that c-di-AMP signaling is essential for E. faecalis pathogenesis and a desirable target for drug development.

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