scholarly journals Involvement of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MAS1 Axis in the Regulation of Ovarian Function in Mammals

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4572
Author(s):  
Kamila Domińska
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides ◽  
Reproductive Processes

In addition to the classic, endocrine renin-angiotensin system, local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been documented in many tissues and organs, including the ovaries. The localization and functional activity of the two opposing axes of the system, viz. ACE1/Ang II/AT1 and ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MAS1, differs between animal species and varied according to the stage of follicle development. It appears that the angiotensin peptides and their receptors participate in reproductive processes such as folliculogenesis, steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, and ovulation. In addition, changes in the constituent compounds of local RAS may contribute to pathological conditions, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, and ovarian cancer. This review article examines the expression, localization, metabolism, and activity of individual elements of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MAS1 axis in the ovaries of various animal species. The manuscript also presents the relationship between the secretion of gonadotropins and sex hormones and expression of Ang-(1-7) and MAS1 receptors. It also summarizes current knowledge regarding the positive and negative impact of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/MAS1 axis on ovarian function.

scholarly journals The Biochemical Effects of Angiotensin-(1-7) on the Oxidative Stress Metabolism and Their Specific Parameters from the Temporal Lobe

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 307-311
Author(s):  
Sorin Ungurianu ◽  
Constantin Trus ◽  
Roxana-Rosmary Enciu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides ◽  
Vascular Area ◽  
Ang Iv ◽  
The One

It is already known from a variety of previous reports that an independent brain renin�angiotensin system (RAS) exists, completely separated from the one in the periphery. This independent brain RAS has all the precursors and the enzymatic structures necessary for the generation of the angiotensin peptides. Thus, in the last few years various groups started focusing on the more central effects of less known angiotensins (e.g in comparison with Angiotensin (Ang) II), namely Ang III, Ang IV, Ang-(1�7) or Ang 5-8. One of these newly emerging angiotensins which has become an increased center of interest in many studies is Ang-(1-7), which is a heptapeptide previously described especially for its opposite effects to Ang II, in the peripheral vascular area, but also described for some opposite central functions vs. Ang II. These aspects are completed with the fact that it was recently suggested that the renin�angiotensin system could modulate the oxidative stress metabolism, and also it seems that the manifestations of Angiotensin-(1-7) on the basal oxidative stress status are contradictory, with a variety of reports describing controversial (e.g. both pro-oxidant and antioxidant actions) effects for this heptapeptide. Our results presented here are confirming a possible antioxidant effect of Ang-(1�7) administration on rat, as shown by the increased levels of antioxidant enzymes from the temporal lobe (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and decreased levels of malondialdehyde, as an important lipid peroxidation parameter.

scholarly journals Renin-Angiotensin System in Lung Tumor and Microenvironment Interactions

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Joana Catarata ◽  
Ricardo Ribeiro ◽  
Maria José Oliveira ◽  
Carlos Robalo Cordeiro ◽  
Rui Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Lung Tumor ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides

The mechanistic involvement of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) reaches beyond cardiovascular physiopathology. Recent knowledge pinpoints a pleiotropic role for this system, particularly in the lung, and mainly through locally regulated alternative molecules and secondary pathways. Angiotensin peptides play a role in cell proliferation, immunoinflammatory response, hypoxia and angiogenesis, which are critical biological processes in lung cancer. This manuscript reviews the literature supporting a role for the renin-angiotensin system in the lung tumor microenvironment and discusses whether blockade of this pathway in clinical settings may serve as an adjuvant therapy in lung cancer.

scholarly journals Renin-Angiotensin System overactivation in polycystic ovary syndrome, a risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 100052
Author(s):  
Abu Saleh Md Moin ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
Stephen L. Atkin ◽  
Alexandra E. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

Renal Androgen and Renin Angiotensin System mRNA Expression in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Ye ◽  
Steven Everman ◽  
Edgar D. Torres Fernandez ◽  
Damian G. Romero ◽  
Licy L. Yanes Cardozo
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin

C. The renin-angiotensin system. A history and review of the renin-angiotensin system

1969 ◽  
Vol 173 (1032) ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
System A ◽  
Aldosterone Production ◽  
Pressor Agent

An outline of the development of knowledge of the renin-angiotensin system is given, and the nature of the enzyme renin, its site within the kidney as well as in other organs, and its action on plasma substrate to form first the decapeptide which is converted to the biologically active octapeptide, are considered. The methods of measurement of renin and angiotensin in body fluids are discussed and the factors causing increased or decreased secretion of renin into the blood stream related to physiological and pathological situations. The role of angiotensin as a pressor agent, vasoconstrictor and stimulator of aldosterone production is assessed in the light of current knowledge.

scholarly journals The renin-angiotensin system: going beyond the classical paradigms

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (5) ◽  
pp. H958-H970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson Augusto Souza Santos ◽  
Gavin Y. Oudit ◽  
Thiago Verano-Braga ◽  
Giovanni Canta ◽  
Ulrike Muscha Steckelings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Amino Terminal ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides ◽  
Protective Actions

Thirty years ago, a novel axis of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was unveiled by the discovery of angiotensin-(1−7) [ANG-(1−7)] generation in vivo. Later, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) was shown to be the main mediator of this reaction, and Mas was found to be the receptor for the heptapeptide. The functional analysis of this novel axis of the RAS that followed its discovery revealed numerous protective actions in particular for cardiovascular diseases. In parallel, similar protective actions were also described for one of the two receptors of ANG II, the ANG II type 2 receptor (AT2R), in contrast to the other, the ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R), which mediates deleterious actions of this peptide, e.g., in the setting of cardiovascular disease. Very recently, another branch of the RAS was discovered, based on angiotensin peptides in which the amino-terminal aspartate was replaced by alanine, the alatensins. Ala-ANG-(1−7) or alamandine was shown to interact with Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor D, and the first functional data indicated that this peptide also exerts protective effects in the cardiovascular system. This review summarizes the presentations given at the International Union of Physiological Sciences Congress in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in 2017, during the symposium entitled “The Renin-Angiotensin System: Going Beyond the Classical Paradigms,” in which the signaling and physiological actions of ANG-(1−7), ACE2, AT2R, and alatensins were reported (with a focus on noncentral nervous system-related tissues) and the therapeutic opportunities based on these findings were discussed.

scholarly journals Angiotensin-(1-7): Translational Avenues in Cardiovascular Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1133-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Medina ◽  
Amy C Arnold
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Cardiovascular Control ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Cardiovascular Actions

Abstract Despite decades of research and numerous treatment approaches, hypertension and cardiovascular disease remain leading global public health problems. A major contributor to regulation of blood pressure, and the development of hypertension, is the renin-angiotensin system. Of particular concern, uncontrolled activation of angiotensin II contributes to hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk, with antihypertensive therapies currently available to block the formation and deleterious actions of this hormone. More recently, angiotensin-(1–7) has emerged as a biologically active intermediate of the vasodilatory arm of the renin-angiotensin system. This hormone antagonizes angiotensin II actions as well as offers antihypertensive, antihypertrophic, antiatherogenic, antiarrhythmogenic, antifibrotic and antithrombotic properties. Angiotensin-(1–7) elicits beneficial cardiovascular actions through mas G protein-coupled receptors, which are found in numerous tissues pivotal to control of blood pressure including the brain, heart, kidneys, and vasculature. Despite accumulating evidence for favorable effects of angiotensin-(1–7) in animal models, there is a paucity of clinical studies and pharmacokinetic limitations, thus limiting the development of therapeutic agents to better understand cardiovascular actions of this vasodilatory peptide hormone in humans. This review highlights current knowledge on the role of angiotensin-(1–7) in cardiovascular control, with an emphasis on significant animal, human, and therapeutic research efforts.

Contribution of circulating renin to local synthesis of angiotensin peptides in the heart

2000 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
GARY PRESCOTT ◽  
DAVID W. SILVERSIDES ◽  
SUI MEI LINDA CHIU ◽  
TIMOTHY L. REUDELHUBER
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides ◽  
Specific Synthesis

The activity of a local cardiac renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has long been suspected in the promotion of cardiac pathologies including hypertrophy, ischemia, and infarction. All of the components of the RAS cascade have been demonstrated to be synthesized within the heart with the possible exception of the first enzyme in the cascade, renin. In the current study, we provide direct evidence that circulating renin can contribute to cardiac-specific synthesis of angiotensin peptides. Furthermore, we demonstrate this effect is independent of blood pressure and that in animals of comparable blood pressure, elevated circulating renin significantly enhances cardiac fibrosis. These results may serve to explain some of the cardiac pathologies associated with the RAS.

scholarly journals Biochemical evaluation of the renin-angiotensin system: the good, bad, and absolute?

2016 ◽  
Vol 310 (2) ◽  
pp. H137-H152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Physiological Regulation ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides ◽  
The Status ◽  
Biochemical Evaluation

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) constitutes a key hormonal system in the physiological regulation of blood pressure through peripheral and central mechanisms. Indeed, dysregulation of the RAS is considered a major factor in the development of cardiovascular pathologies, and pharmacological blockade of this system by the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or antagonism of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) offers an effective therapeutic regimen. The RAS is now defined as a system composed of different angiotensin peptides with diverse biological actions mediated by distinct receptor subtypes. The classic RAS comprises the ACE-ANG II-AT1R axis that promotes vasoconstriction; water intake; sodium retention; and increased oxidative stress, fibrosis, cellular growth, and inflammation. In contrast, the nonclassical RAS composed primarily of the ANG II/ANG III-AT2R and the ACE2-ANG-(1–7)-AT7R pathways generally opposes the actions of a stimulated ANG II-AT1R axis. In lieu of the complex and multifunctional aspects of this system, as well as increased concerns on the reproducibility among laboratories, a critical assessment is provided on the current biochemical approaches to characterize and define the various components that ultimately reflect the status of the RAS.

Abstract 387: Individual Biochemical Characterization of the Renin-Angiotensin-System by RAS-Fingerprinting in Healthy Volunteers Treated with RAS-Blockers

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Poglitsch ◽  
Cornelia Schwager ◽  
Oliver Domenig ◽  
Dunja van Oyen ◽  
Manfred Schuster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Angiotensin Peptides

The Renin-Angiotensin-System (RAS) is critically involved in the regulation of important physiological functions including blood pressure and fluid balance. It is constituted by multiple enzymes giving rise to a meshwork of effector peptides, which mediate their functions through binding to specific receptor molecules. Therefore, the modification of angiotensin peptide levels represents a common strategy for the treatment of RAS-associated diseases and is frequently achieved by the pharmacologic regulation of enzymes taking part in angiotensin metabolism. We developed a highly sensitive method, which allows the simultaneous absolute quantification of up to 10 different angiotensin peptides in human plasma and whole blood (RAS-Fingerprinting). The measurement of RAS-Fingerprints provides unique insights into the physiology of the human RAS and therefore represents a powerful tool for the patient specific evaluation of this physiologically important peptide hormone system. Beside the precise quantification of angiotensin peptides in plasma and whole blood, RAS-Fingerprints analyze the biochemical hardware of the RAS at a previously unachieved level of detail and accuracy. During the development and validation of our LC-MS/MS based method, comprehensive datasets showing multiple applications for RAS-Fingerprinting have been generated. Investigation of healthy volunteers revealed that a patient specific state of the RAS exists, which is defined by a unique composition of RAS enzyme activities that might have crucial effects on the outcome of RAS targeted therapies in individual patients. RAS-Fingerprinting in healthy volunteers treated with an Angiotensin-Receptor-Blockers, ACE-Inhibitor or Renin-Inhibitor revealed that the human RAS reacts to different drugs in a very dynamic and specific way. Therefore, RAS-Fingerprinting could contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches affecting the RAS. The implementation of RAS-Fingerprinting into clinical studies would substantially enhance our understanding of the human RAS and could lead to the development of personalized treatment schemes in the management of RAS-associated diseases in the near future.

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