scholarly journals Comparison of Metabolome and Transcriptome of Flavonoid Biosynthesis Pathway in a Purple-Leaf Tea Germplasm Jinmingzao and a Green-Leaf Tea Germplasm Huangdan reveals Their Relationship with Genetic Mechanisms of Color Formation

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4167
Author(s):  
Xuejin Chen ◽  
Pengjie Wang ◽  
Yucheng Zheng ◽  
Mengya Gu ◽  
Xinying Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Green Leaf ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Purple Leaf

Purple-leaf tea is a phenotype with unique color because of its high anthocyanin content. The special flavor of purple-leaf tea is highly different from that of green-leaf tea, and its main ingredient is also of economic value. To probe the genetic mechanism of the phenotypic characteristics of tea leaf color, we conducted widely targeted metabolic and transcriptomic profiling. The metabolites in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway of purple- and green-leaf tea were compared, and results showed that phenolic compounds, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins, accumulated in purple-leaf tea. The high expression of genes related to flavonoid biosynthesis (e.g., PAL and LAR) exhibits the specific expression of biosynthesis and the accumulation of these metabolites. Our result also shows that two CsUFGTs were positively related to the accumulation of anthocyanin. Moreover, genes encoding transcription factors that regulate flavonoids were identified by coexpression analysis. These results may help to identify the metabolic factors that influence leaf color differentiation and provide reference for future research on leaf color biology and the genetic improvement of tea.

scholarly journals NtbHLH1, a JAF13-like bHLH, interacts with NtMYB6 to enhance proanthocyanidin accumulation in Chinese Narcissus

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Fan ◽  
Jiayu Peng ◽  
Jiacheng Wu ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Ruijie He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Flavonoid Pathway ◽  
Regulation Of Expression ◽  
Over Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Regulatory Complex ◽  
Positive Regulators ◽  
R2r3 Myb

Abstract Background Flavonoid biosynthesis in plants is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level by transcription factors modulating the expression of genes encoding enzymes in the flavonoid pathway. One of the most studied transcription factor complexes involved in this regulation consists of a MYB, bHLH and WD40. However, in Chinese Narcissus (Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis), a popular monocot bulb flower, the regulatory mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis remains unclear. Results In this work, genes related to the regulatory complex, NtbHLH1 and a R2R3-MYB NtMYB6, were cloned from Chinese Narcissus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that NtbHLH1 belongs to the JAF13 clade of bHLH IIIf subgroup, while NtMYB6 was highly homologous to positive regulators of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis. Both NtbHLH1 and NtMYB6 have highest expression levels in basal plates of Narcissus, where there is an accumulation of proanthocyanidin. Ectopic over expression of NtbHLH1 in tobacco resulted in an increase in anthocyanin accumulation in flowers, and an up-regulation of expression of the endogenous tobacco bHLH AN1 and flavonoid biosynthesis genes. In contrast, the expression level of LAR gene was significantly increased in NtMYB6-transgenic tobacco. Dual luciferase assays showed that co-infiltration of NtbHLH1 and NtMYB6 significantly activated the promoter of Chinese Narcissus DFR gene. Furthermore, a yeast two-hybrid assay confirmed that NtbHLH1 interacts with NtMYB6. Conclusions Our results suggest that NtbHLH1 may function as a regulatory partner by interacting directly with NtMYB6 to enhance proanthocyanidin accumulation in Chinese Narcissus.

scholarly journals Seedling Populations Produced by Colored-leaf Genotypes of Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) Contain Seedlings with Green Leaf Phenotype

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Lehrer ◽  
Mark H. Brand ◽  
Jessica D. Lubell
Keyword(s):  
Green Leaf ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Berberis Thunbergii ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Landscape Plant ◽  
Japanese Barberry ◽  
Leaf Phenotype ◽  
Purple Leaf ◽  
Color Phenotype

Abstract The leaf color of seedling populations derived from ornamental genotypes of Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC.) was evaluated to determine whether nursery selections of this important landscape plant could be expected to produce green-leaf progeny or seedlings with leaf color resembling the purple-leaf or yellow-leaf parent. This is a compelling inquiry since nearly all B. thunbergii plants found within invasive populations possess green foliage and the potential contribution of seedlings by ornamental purple-and yellow-leaf genotypes is unknown. Seed lots collected from cultivated barberry genotypes located in landscape settings were processed and raised in a greenhouse to observe leaf color phenotype. It was found that all genotypes studied produced at least some green seedlings. The percentage of green progeny produced varied widely by genotype. Green-leaf cultivars yielded close to 100% green seedlings and all purple-and yellow-leaf forms produced at least 20% green offspring. Among purple-leaf genotype accessions located adjacent to potential purple-leaf pollen donors, var. atropurpurea produced significantly fewer green seedlings (18.5%) than ‘Crimson Pygmy’ (71%) and ‘Rose Glow’ (45%). ‘Rose Glow’ individuals growing adjacent to other purple Japanese barberry forms produced significantly fewer green seedlings (45%) than ‘Rose Glow’ accessions that were isolated from additional purple Japanese barberry (88%). This study demonstrates that some invasive green-leaf B. thunbergii could be derived from popular garden forms since purple- and yellow-leaf genotypes readily produce green-leaf offspring which resemble feral barberry. These findings do not, however, provide any definitive link between cultivated and naturalized Japanese barberry.

scholarly journals Comparative Metabolomic Analysis Reveals Distinct Flavonoid Biosynthesis Regulation for Leaf Color Development of Cymbidium sinense ‘Red Sun’

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 1869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Gao ◽  
Rui Ren ◽  
Yonglu Wei ◽  
Jianpeng Jin ◽  
Sagheer Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Cymbidium Sinense

The colorful leaf is an important ornamental character of Cymbidium sinense (C. sinense), especially the red leaf, which has always been attracted by breeders and consumers. However, little is documented on the formation mechanism of the red leaf of C. sinense. In this study, the changing patterns of flavonoid-related metabolites, corresponding enzyme activities and genes expression in the leaves of C. sinense ‘Red Sun’ from red to yellow and finally to green was investigated. A total of 196 flavonoid-related metabolites including 11 anthocyanins metabolites were identified using UPLC-MS/MS-based approach. In the process of leaf color change, 42 metabolites were identified as having significantly different contents and the content of 28 differential metabolites turned to zero. In anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, content of all 15 identified metabolites showed downregulation trend in the process of leaf color change. Among the 15 metabolites, the contents of Naringenin chalcone, Pelargonidin O-acetylhexoside and Anthocyanin 3-O-beta-d-glucoside decreased to zero in the green leaf stage. The changing pattern of enzyme activity of 10 enzymes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway showed different trends from red leaves that have turned yellow and finally green, while the expression of genes encoding these enzymes was all down-regulated in the process of leaf color change. The results of this study revealed the types of flavonoid-related metabolites and the comprehensive analysis of metabolites content, enzyme activities and genes expression providing a new reference for breeders to improve the leaf color of C. sinense ‘Red Sun’.

Acute renal failure. III. The role of growth factors in the process of renal regeneration and repair

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (1) ◽  
pp. F3-F11 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Acute Renal Failure ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Renal Regeneration ◽  
General Studies

This review, which is the final installment in a series devoted to controversial issues in acute renal failure (ARF) (3, 47), will examine available information regarding the role of growth factors in ARF. In general, studies in this area have fallen into two broad categories: 1) those that have examined the renal expression of genes encoding growth factors or transcriptional factors associated with the growth response that is induced after ARF, and 2) those that have examined the efficacy of exogenously administered growth factors in accelerating recovery of renal function in experimental models of ARF. Despite the vast amount of information that has accumulated in these two areas of investigation, our understanding of the mechanisms involved in the process of regeneration and repair after ARF, and the role of growth factors in this response, remains rudimentary. This overview, contributed to by a number of experts in the field, is designed to summarize present knowledge and to highlight potentially fertile areas for future research in this area.

scholarly journals Upregulation of the MYB2 Transcription Factor is Associated with Increased Accumulation of Anthocyanin in the Leaves of Dendrobium bigibbum

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5653
Author(s):  
Gah-Hyun Lim ◽  
Se Won Kim ◽  
Jaihyunk Ryu ◽  
Si-Yong Kang ◽  
Jin-Baek Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Normal Green ◽  
Purple Coloration ◽  
Transient Overexpression ◽  
High Level ◽  
Purple Leaf

Orchids with colorful leaves and flowers have significant ornamental value. Here, we used γ-irradiation-based mutagenesis to produce a Dendrobium bigibbum mutant that developed purple instead of the normal green leaves. RNA sequencing of the mutant plant identified 2513 differentially expressed genes, including 1870 up- and 706 downregulated genes. The purple leaf color of mutant leaves was associated with increased expression of genes that encoded key biosynthetic enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. In addition, the mutant leaves also showed increased expression of several families of transcription factors including the MYB2 gene. Transient overexpression of D. biggibumMYB2 in Nicotiana benthamiana was associated with increased expression of endogenous anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Interestingly, transient overexpression of orthologous MYB2 genes from other orchids did not upregulate expression of endogenous anthocyanin biosynthesis genes. Together, these results suggest that the purple coloration of D. biggibum leaves is at least associated with increased expression of the MYB2 gene, and the MYB2 orthologs from orchids likely function differently, regardless of their high level of similarity.

scholarly journals Regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1 gene expression in the intraabdominal adipose tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Miroshnikova ◽  
A.A. Panteleeva ◽  
E.A. Bazhenova ◽  
E.P. Demina ◽  
T.S. Usenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
And Control

Tissue specific expression of genes encoding cholesterol transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 as well as genes encoding the most important transcriptional regulators of adipogenesis – LXRa, LXRb, PPARg and RORa has been investigated in intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAT) samples.A direct correlation between the content of ABCA1 and ABCG1 proteins with RORa protein level (r=0.480, p<0.05; r=0.435, p<0.05, respectively) suggests the role of the transcription factor RORa in the regulation of IAT ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein levels. ABCA1 and ABCG1 gene expression positively correlated with obesity indicators such as body mass index (BMI) (r=0.522, p=0.004; r=0.594, p=0.001, respectively) and waist circumference (r=0.403, p=0.033; r=0.474, p=0.013, respectively). The development of obesity is associated with decreased IAT levels of RORa and LXRb mRNA (p=0.016 and p=0.002, respectively). These data suggest that the nuclear factor RORa can play a significant role in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism and control IAT expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, while the level of IAT LXRb gene expression may be an important factor associated with the development of obesity.

scholarly journals Molecular and Metabolic Insights into Anthocyanin Biosynthesis for Leaf Color Change in Chokecherry (Padus virginiana)

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10697
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Minghui Zhao ◽  
Yanbo Hu ◽  
Fanjuan Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Anthocyanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcriptional Regulators ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Difference

Chokecherry (Padus virginiana L.) is an important landscaping tree with high ornamental value because of its colorful purplish-red leaves (PRL). The quantifications of anthocyanins and the mechanisms of leaf color change in this species remain unknown. The potential biosynthetic and regulatory mechanisms and the accumulation patterns of anthocyanins in P. virginiana that determine three leaf colors were investigated by combined analysis of the transcriptome and the metabolome. The difference of chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin content correlated with the formation of P. virginiana leaf color. Using enrichment and correlation network analysis, we found that anthocyanin accumulation differed in different colored leaves and that the accumulation of malvidin 3-O-glucoside (violet) and pelargonidin 3-O-glucoside (orange-red) significantly correlated with the leaf color change from green to purple-red. The flavonoid biosynthesis genes (PAL, CHS and CHI) and their transcriptional regulators (MYB, HD-Zip and bHLH) exhibited specific increased expression during the purple-red periods. Two genes encoding enzymes in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, UDP glucose-flavonoid 3-O-glucosyl-transferase (UFGT) and anthocyanidin 3-O-glucosyltransferase (BZ1), seem to be critical for suppressing the formation of the aforesaid anthocyanins. In PRL, the expression of the genes encoding for UGFT and BZ1 enzymes was substantially higher than in leaves of other colors and may be related with the purple-red color change. These results may facilitate genetic modification or selection for further improvement in ornamental qualities of P. virginiana.

Structure and hair follicle-specific expression of genes encoding the rat high sulfur protein B2 family

Gene ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 208 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Mitsui ◽  
Atsushi Ohuchi ◽  
Takashi Adachi-Yamada ◽  
Mitsuyuki Hotta ◽  
Ryoji Tsuboi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hair Follicle ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Sulfur Protein
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