scholarly journals AtHB7/12 Regulate Root Growth in Response to Aluminum Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4080
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Jiameng Xu ◽  
Siyi Guo ◽  
Xianzheng Yuan ◽  
Shan Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Al Stress

Aluminum (Al) stress is a major limiting factor for plant growth and crop production in acid soils. At present, only a few transcription factors involved in the regulation of Al resistance have been characterized. Here, we used reversed genetic approach through phenotype analysis of overexpressors and mutants to demonstrate that AtHB7 and AtHB12, two HD-Zip I transcription factors, participate in Al resistance. In response to Al stress, AtHB7 and AtHB12 displayed different dynamic expression patterns. Although both AtHB7 and AtHB12 positively regulate root growth in the absence of Al stress, our results showed that AtHB7 antagonizes with AtHB12 to control root growth in response to Al stress. The athb7/12 double mutant displayed a wild-type phenotype under Al stress. Consistently, our physiological analysis showed that AtHB7 and AtHB12 oppositely regulate the capacity of cell wall to bind Al. Yeast two hybrid assays showed that AtHB7 and AtHB12 could form homo-dimers and hetero-dimers in vitro, suggesting the interaction between AtHB7 and AtHB12 in the regulation of root growth. The conclusion was that AtHB7 and AtHB12 oppositely regulate Al resistance by affecting Al accumulation in root cell wall.

scholarly journals Time Series RNA-seq in Pigeonpea Revealed the Core Genes in Metabolic Pathways under Aluminum Stress

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoxu Gao ◽  
Biying Dong ◽  
Hongyan Cao ◽  
Hang He ◽  
Qing Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Biological Regulation ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
The Impact

Pigeonpea is an important economic crop in the world and is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In order to further expand the scope of planting, one of the problems that must be solved is the impact of soil acidity on plants in these areas. Based on our previous work, we constructed a time series RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis under aluminum (Al) stress in pigeonpea. Through a comparison analysis, 11,425 genes were found to be differentially expressed among all the time points. After clustering these genes by their expression patterns, 12 clusters were generated. Many important functional pathways were identified by gene ontology (GO) analysis, such as biological regulation, localization, response to stimulus, metabolic process, detoxification, and so on. Further analysis showed that metabolic pathways played an important role in the response of Al stress. Thirteen out of the 23 selected genes related to flavonoids and phenols were downregulated in response to Al stress. In addition, we verified these key genes of flavonoid- and phenol-related metabolism pathways by qRT-PCR. Collectively, our findings not only revealed the regulation mechanism of pigeonpea under Al stress but also provided methodological support for further exploration of plant stress regulation mechanisms.

The zinc finger transcription factor ATF1 regulates aluminum tolerance in barley

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (20) ◽  
pp. 6512-6523
Author(s):  
Liyuan Wu ◽  
Yiyi Guo ◽  
Shengguan Cai ◽  
Liuhui Kuang ◽  
Qiufang Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Transcriptional Activation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Aluminum Tolerance ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Transcription Factor 1 ◽  
Differently Expressed Genes

Abstract Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major abiotic stress that restricts crop production in acid soils. Plants have evolved internal and external mechanisms of tolerance, and among them it is well known that AtSTOP1 and OsART1 are key transcription factors involved in tolerance through regulation of multiple downstream genes. Here, we identified the closest homolog of these two proteins in barley, namely HvATF1, Al-tolerance Transcription Factor 1, and determined its potential function in Al stress. HvATF1 is expressed in the nucleus, and functions in transcriptional activation. The transcription of HvATF1 was found to be constitutive in different tissues, and was little affected by Al stress. Knockdown of HvATF1 by RNAi resulted in increased Al sensitivity. Transcriptomics analysis identified 64 differently expressed genes in the RNAi lines compared to the wild-type, and these were considered as candidate downstream genes regulated by HvATF1. This study provides insights into the different molecular mechanisms of Al tolerance in barley and other plants.

scholarly journals The in vivo impact of MsLAC1, a Miscanthus laccase isoform, on lignification and lignin composition contrasts with its in vitro substrate preference

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng He ◽  
Katja Machemer-Noonan ◽  
Philippe Golfier ◽  
Faride Unda ◽  
Johanna Dechert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Lignin Composition ◽  
Xylem Fibers ◽  
Breeding Target

Abstract Background Understanding lignin biosynthesis and composition is of central importance for sustainable bioenergy and biomaterials production. Species of the genus Miscanthus have emerged as promising bioenergy crop due to their rapid growth and modest nutrient requirements. However, lignin polymerization in Miscanthus is poorly understood. It was previously shown that plant laccases are phenol oxidases that have multiple functions in plant, one of which is the polymerization of monolignols. Herein, we link a newly discovered Miscanthus laccase, MsLAC1, to cell wall lignification. Characterization of recombinant MsLAC1 and Arabidopsis transgenic plants expressing MsLAC1 were carried out to understand the function of MsLAC1 both in vitro and in vivo. Results Using a comprehensive suite of molecular, biochemical and histochemical analyses, we show that MsLAC1 localizes to cell walls and identify Miscanthus transcription factors capable of regulating MsLAC1 expression. In addition, MsLAC1 complements the Arabidopsis lac4–2 lac17 mutant and recombinant MsLAC1 is able to oxidize monolignol in vitro. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing MsLAC1 show higher G-lignin content, although recombinant MsLAC1 seemed to prefer sinapyl alcohol as substrate. Conclusions In summary, our results suggest that MsLAC1 is regulated by secondary cell wall MYB transcription factors and is involved in lignification of xylem fibers. This report identifies MsLAC1 as a promising breeding target in Miscanthus for biofuel and biomaterial applications.

Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the roots of Columbia-0 and Landsberg erecta ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to aluminum toxicity

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1267-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Karuppanapandian ◽  
S-J. Rhee ◽  
E-J. Kim ◽  
B. K. Han ◽  
O. A. Hoekenga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Differentially Expressed Proteins ◽  
Al Stress

Karuppanapandian, T., Rhee, S.-J., Kim, E.-J., Han, B. K., Hoekenga, O. A. and Lee, G. P. 2012. Proteomic analysis of differentially expressed proteins in the roots of Columbia-0 and Landsberg erecta ecotypes of Arabidopsis thaliana in response to aluminum-toxicity. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1267–1282. Aluminum (Al) is phytotoxic when solubilized into Al3+ in acidic soils and represents a major constraint for crop production. The present study describes Al-stress responses in roots of Al-tolerant and Al-sensitive Arabidopsis ecotypes, Columbia-0 (Col-0) and Landsberg erecta (Ler), respectively. Comparative proteomic analysis was applied to plants grown in hydroponic solution culture under acidic pH (4.2) conditions. To investigate time-dependent responses, 6-d-old seedlings were treated with 30 µM AlCl3 for 24, 48, or 72 h; total proteins were prepared from roots and separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE). From 2-DE analysis, were 600 proteins were inspected, 29 proteins were differentially responsive to Al-treatment. The 2-DE patterns were compared and differentially expressed proteins identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Analysis of protein expression patterns revealed that a set of proteins is functionally associated with tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis, reactive oxygen quenching and detoxification mechanism, and signal transduction pathways, etc., could play important roles in mediating plant response to Al in Arabidopsis ecotypes. Comparison of the changes in the protein profiles revealed that Al-stress increased Al-tolerance related proteins in Al-tolerant Col-0, but only generic stress responses occurred in Al-sensitive Ler. Specifically, Al up-regulated proteins such as alcohol dehydrogenase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, GTP-binding nuclear protein Ran-2, and leucine aminopeptidase in Col-0 but not in Ler.

Transcriptomic responses to aluminum stress in soybean roots

Genome ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 923-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangfeng You ◽  
Hongmei Zhang ◽  
Ning Liu ◽  
Lingling Gao ◽  
Lingnan Kong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Aluminum Stress ◽  
Resistant Genotype ◽  
Citrate Transporter ◽  
Family Gene ◽  
Soybean Roots ◽  
Genome Array ◽  
Root Apices ◽  
Lignin Deposition

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is the primary limitation to crop production and plant growth in acid soils. Soybean has multiple mechanisms of Al resistance including the complexing and exclusion of Al in root apices by Al-induced citrate secretion. Microarray analysis is available for the identification of genes in soybean. In the present study, Affymetrix soybean genome array was used to identify the Al-induced differentially expressed genes in Al-resistant genotype Jiyu 70. With a cutoff of >2.0-fold (p < 0.05) between non Al-treated and Al-treated root apices, 561 genes were upregulated and 78 genes were downregulated when roots were exposed to 30 µmol/L AlCl3 for 4 h. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to test the microarray data. The analysis showed that nearly half of the Al-responsive genes were of unknown biological function. A higher proportion of genes related to transcription regulation and cell wall processes were observed in Al-induced up- and downregulated genes, respectively. Some genes homologous to the citrate transporter MATE family gene or C2H2 family transcription factor gene, STOP1, were detected in our analysis. Some genes related to lignin deposition were upregulated, which might be related to Al-induced root elongation inhibition.

scholarly journals Genome-wide characterization and evolutionary analysis of heat stress transcription factors (HSFs) to reveal their potential role under abiotic stresses in radish (Raphanus sativus L.)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingjia Tang ◽  
Liang Xu ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wanwan Cheng ◽  
Xiaobo Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L

Abstract Background Abiotic stresses due to climate change pose a great threat to crop production. Heat shock transcription factors (HSFs) are vital regulators that play key roles in protecting plants against various abiotic stresses. Therefore, the identification and characterization of HSFs is imperative to dissect the mechanism responsible for plant stress responses. Although the HSF gene family has been extensively studied in several plant species, its characterization, evolutionary history and expression patterns in the radish (Raphanus sativus L.) remain limited. Results In this study, 33 RsHSF genes were obtained from the radish genome, which were classified into three main groups and 12 subgroups based on HSF protein domain structure. Chromosomal localization analysis revealed that 28 of 33 RsHSF genes were located on nine chromosomes, and 10 duplicated RsHSF genes were grouped into eight gene pairs by whole genome duplication (WGD). Moreover, there were 23 or 9 pairs of orthologous HSFs were identified between radish and Arabidopsis or rice, respectively. Comparative analysis revealed a close relationship among radish, Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis. RNA-seq data showed that eight RsHSF genes, including RsHSF-03, were highly expressed in the leaf, root, cortex, cambium and xylem, results that these genes might be involved in plant growth and development. Further, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) indicated that the expression patterns of 12 RsHSF genes varied upon exposure to different abiotic stresses, including heat, salt, and heavy metals. This data indicated that the RsHSFs may be involved in abiotic stress response. Conclusions These results could provide fundamental insights into the characteristics and evolution of the HSF family and facilitate further dissection of the molecular mechanism responsible for radish abiotic stress responses.

scholarly journals Aluminum accumulation in two Pfaffia glomerata genotypes and its growth effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseila Maldaner ◽  
Fernando Teixeira Nicoloso ◽  
Luciane Almeri Tabaldi ◽  
Denise Cargnelutti ◽  
Etiane Caldeira Skrebsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Hydroponic System ◽  
Al Content ◽  
Pfaffia Glomerata ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Aluminum Accumulation

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is a limiting factor for crop production in acid soils, which cover approximately 60% of the Brazilian territory. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Al on growth and tissue Al concentration of two Pfaffia glomerata accessions (BRA and JB/UFSM). Plantlets were grown in a hydroponic system with five Al concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200mg L-1) for 7 days. Most of the evaluated parameters presented significant interaction between both P. glomerata accessions and Al levels in nutrient solution and, in general, Al treatments negatively affected plant growth, especially roots. Moreover, BRA accession showed higher Al accumulation in its tissues than JB/UFSM and, consequently in BRA accession the growth was impaired substantially. Furthermore, the results suggest that, between P. glomerata accessions studied, BRA is less appropriated for medicinal uses when grown in soils with high Al levels, due to the higher accumulation of tissue Al content.

scholarly journals The role of SOX proteins in normal pituitary development

2008 ◽  
Vol 200 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyriaki S Alatzoglou ◽  
Daniel Kelberman ◽  
Mehul T Dattani
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Transgenic Animal ◽  
Developmental Abnormalities ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Sox Proteins

Pituitary development is a complex process that depends on the co-ordinated spatial and temporal expression of transcription factors and signalling molecules that culminates in the formation of a complex organ that secretes six hormones from five different cell types. Given the fact that all distinct hormone producing cells arise from a common ectodermal primordium, the patterning, architecture and plasticity of the gland is impressive. Among the transcription factors involved in the early steps of pituitary organogenesis are SOX2 and SOX3, members of the SOX family that are emerging as key players in many developmental processes. Studies in vitro and in vivo in transgenic animal models have helped to elucidate their expression patterns and roles in the developing hypothalamo–pituitary region. It has been demonstrated that they may be involved in pituitary development either directly, through shaping of Rathke's pouch, or indirectly affecting signalling from the diencephalon. Their role has been further underlined by the pleiotropic effects of their mutations in humans that range from isolated hormone deficiencies to panhypopituitarism and developmental abnormalities affecting many organ systems. However, the exact mechanism of action of SOX proteins, their downstream targets and their interplay within the extensive network that regulates pituitary development is still the subject of a growing number of studies. The elucidation of their role is crucial for the understanding of a number of processes that range from developmental mechanisms to disease phenotypes and tumorigenesis.

scholarly journals Genomic DNA microarray comparison of gene expression patterns in Paracoccidioides brasiliensis mycelia and yeasts in vitro

Microbiology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 155 (8) ◽  
pp. 2795-2808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jomar Patrício Monteiro ◽  
Karl V. Clemons ◽  
Laurence F. Mirels ◽  
John A. Coller ◽  
Thomas D. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Gene Expression Patterns ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Over Time

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis is a thermally dimorphic fungus, and causes the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. Infection is initiated by inhalation of conidia or mycelial fragments by the host, followed by further differentiation into the yeast form. Information regarding gene expression by either form has rarely been addressed with respect to multiple time points of growth in culture. Here, we report on the construction of a genomic DNA microarray, covering approximately 25 % of the genome of the organism, and its utilization in identifying genes and gene expression patterns during growth in vitro. Cloned, amplified inserts from randomly sheared genomic DNA (gDNA) and known control genes were printed onto glass slides to generate a microarray of over 12 000 elements. To examine gene expression, mRNA was extracted and amplified from mycelial or yeast cultures grown in semi-defined medium for 5, 8 and 14 days. Principal components analysis and hierarchical clustering indicated that yeast gene expression profiles differed greatly from those of mycelia, especially at earlier time points, and that mycelial gene expression changed less than gene expression in yeasts over time. Genes upregulated in yeasts were found to encode proteins shown to be involved in methionine/cysteine metabolism, respiratory and metabolic processes (of sugars, amino acids, proteins and lipids), transporters (small peptides, sugars, ions and toxins), regulatory proteins and transcription factors. Mycelial genes involved in processes such as cell division, protein catabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis and toxin and sugar transport showed differential expression. Sequenced clones were compared with Histoplasma capsulatum and Coccidioides posadasii genome sequences to assess potentially common pathways across species, such as sulfur and lipid metabolism, amino acid transporters, transcription factors and genes possibly related to virulence. We also analysed gene expression with time in culture and found that while transposable elements and components of respiratory pathways tended to increase in expression with time, genes encoding ribosomal structural proteins and protein catabolism tended to sharply decrease in expression over time, particularly in yeast. These findings expand our knowledge of the different morphological forms of P. brasiliensis during growth in culture.

scholarly journals Loss of Foxc1 and Foxc2 function in chondroprogenitor cells disrupts endochondral ossification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asra Almubarak ◽  
Rotem Lavy ◽  
Nikola Srnic ◽  
Yawen Hu ◽  
Devi P. Maripuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Growth Plate ◽  
Endochondral Ossification ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Chondrocyte Differentiation ◽  
Growth Plate Chondrocytes ◽  
Chondroprogenitor Cells

AbstractEndochondral ossification forms and grows the majority of the mammalian skeleton and is tightly controlled through gene regulatory networks. The forkhead box transcription factors Foxc1 and Foxc2 have been demonstrated to regulate aspects of osteoblast function in the formation of the skeleton but their roles in chondrocytes to control endochondral ossification are less clear. We demonstrate that Foxc1 expression is directly regulated by SOX9 activity, one of the earliest transcription factors to specify the chondrocyte lineages. Moreover we demonstrate that elevelated expression of Foxc1 promotes chondrocyte differentiation in mouse embryonic stem cells and loss of Foxc1 function inhibits chondrogenesis in vitro. Using chondrocyte-targeted deletion of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in mice, we reveal a role for these factors in chondrocyte differentiation in vivo. Loss of both Foxc1 and Foxc2 caused a general skeletal dysplasia predominantly affecting the vertebral column. The long bones of the limb were smaller and mineralization was reduced and organization of the growth plate was disrupted. In particular, the stacked columnar organization of the proliferative chondrocyte layer was reduced in size and cell proliferation in growth plate chondrocytes was reduced. Differential gene expression analysis indicated disrupted expression patterns in chondrogenesis and ossification genes throughout the entire process of endochondral ossification in Col2-cre;Foxc1Δ/Δ;Foxc2Δ/Δ embryos. Our results suggest that Foxc1 and Foxc2 are required for correct chondrocyte differentiation and function. Loss of both genes results in disorganization of the growth plate, reduced chondrocyte proliferation and delays in chondrocyte hypertrophy that prevents correct ossification of the endochondral skeleton.

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