scholarly journals The Role of Histone Acetylation and the Microbiome in Phytochemical Efficacy for Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 4006
Author(s):  
Levi W. Evans ◽  
Maheshi Athukorala ◽  
Kristina Martinez-Guryn ◽  
Bradley S. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Histone Acetylation ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
The Impact

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of death worldwide and create a substantial financial burden. Emerging studies have begun to focus on epigenetic targets and re-establishing healthy gut microbes as therapeutic options for the treatment and prevention of CVD. Phytochemicals, commonly found in fruits and vegetables, have been shown to exert a protective effect against CVD, though their mechanisms of action remain incompletely understood. Of interest, phytochemicals such as curcumin, resveratrol and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) have been shown to regulate both histone acetylation and microbiome re-composition. The purpose of this review is to highlight the microbiome–epigenome axis as a therapeutic target for food bioactives in the prevention and/or treatment of CVD. Specifically, we will discuss studies that highlight how the three phytochemicals above alter histone acetylation leading to global changes in gene expression and CVD protection. Then, we will expand upon these phytochemicals to discuss the impact of phytochemical–microbiome–histone acetylation interaction in CVD.

scholarly journals Estrogen Receptor and Vascular Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgane Davezac ◽  
Melissa Buscato ◽  
Rana Zahreddine ◽  
Patrick Lacolley ◽  
Daniel Henrion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Nuclear Receptor Family ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Receptor Family

Cardiovascular diseases remain an age-related pathology in both men and women. These pathologies are 3-fold more frequent in men than in women before menopause, although this difference progressively decreases after menopause. The vasculoprotective role of estrogens are well established before menopause, but the consequences of their abrupt decline on the cardiovascular risk at menopause remain debated. In this review, we will attempt to summarize the main clinical and experimental studies reporting the protective effects of estrogens against cardiovascular diseases, with a particular focus on atherosclerosis, and the impact of aging and estrogen deprivation on their endothelial actions. The arterial actions of estrogens, but also part of that of androgens through their aromatization into estrogens, are mediated by the estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ. ERs belong to the nuclear receptor family and act by transcriptional regulation in the nucleus, but also exert non-genomic/extranuclear actions. Beside the decline of estrogens at menopause, abnormalities in the expression and/or function of ERs in the tissues, and particularly in arteries, could contribute to the failure of classic estrogens to protect arteries during aging. Finally, we will discuss how recent insights in the mechanisms of action of ERα could contribute to optimize the hormonal treatment of the menopause.

scholarly journals Circulating Leukocytes and Oxidative Stress in Cardiovascular Diseases: A State of the Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Speranza Rubattu ◽  
Maurizio Forte ◽  
Salvatore Raffa
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Pathological Condition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Oxidative Stress Level ◽  
The Impact

Increased oxidative stress from both mitochondrial and cytosolic sources contributes to the development and the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and it is a target of therapeutic interventions. The numerous efforts made over the last decades in order to develop tools able to monitor the oxidative stress level in patients affected by CVDs rely on the need to gain information on the disease state. However, this goal has not been satisfactorily accomplished until now. Among others, the isolation of circulating leukocytes to measure their oxidant level offers a valid, noninvasive challenge that has been tested in few pathological contexts, including hypertension, atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations, and heart failure. Since leukocytes circulate in the blood stream, it is expected that they might reflect quite closely both systemic and cardiovascular oxidative stress and provide useful information on the pathological condition. The results of the studies discussed in the present review article are promising. They highlight the importance of measuring oxidative stress level in circulating mononuclear cells in different CVDs with a consistent correlation between degree of oxidative stress and severity of CVD and of its complications. Importantly, they also point to a double role of leukocytes, both as a marker of disease condition and as a direct contributor to disease progression. Finally, they show that the oxidative stress level of leukocytes reflects the impact of therapeutic interventions. It is likely that the isolation of leukocytes and the measurement of oxidative stress, once adequately developed, may represent an eligible tool for both research and clinical purposes to monitor the role of oxidative stress on the promotion and progression of CVDs, as well as the impact of therapies.

scholarly journals The role of nutrients and probiotics in treatment of depression

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-179
Author(s):  
N. G. Neznanov ◽  
G. V. Rukavishnikov ◽  
E. D. Kasyanov ◽  
M. A. Ganzenko ◽  
L. V. Leonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
The Impact

Currently, a growing amount of data is emerging on the role of various environmental factors (nutrients, gut microbiota, etc.) on formation of depression. The impact on these factors can be effective not only in treatment of major depressive disorder, but also in its early prevention. Therefore, a more detailed study of environmental factors in depression can lead both to a better understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of the disorder and to optimization of approaches to its treatment. The aim of the review was to assess the potential role of a number of environmental factors associated with nutritional aspects and characteristics of individual microflora, as well as to review the prospects of a strategy for affecting these factors in treatment and prevention of depression. 

scholarly journals Environmental factors and cardiovascular diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
Aleksey M. Chaulin ◽  
Dmitry V. Duplyakov
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Solar Insolation ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction. New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), as practice shows, are not able to significantly improve the statistical indicators of morbidity and mortality of CVD. This fact indicates that there are additional factors and mechanisms that are important to consider, both for prevention and for the most optimal management of patients. Recently, the relationship between environmental and lifestyle factors with CVD has been actively studied. However, despite understanding the relationship between environmental factors and various diseases, including CVD, the mechanisms by which specific factors increase or decrease the risk of developing CVD are not yet fully understood, and a number of studies are contradictory. The aim of our work was to generalize existing data on the impact of such critical environmental factors as air pollution and solar insolation on the cardiovascular system, as well as to comprehensively discuss the mechanisms by which these environmental factors can participate in the development and progression of CVD. To achieve our work’s goal, we analyzed modern foreign literature using the PubMed database. Conclusion. According to numerous experimental and clinical studies, air pollution and solar insolation deficiency play an essential role in developing CVD and the aggravation of patients with various CVD (atherosclerosis, hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke). Thus, air pollution and lack of solar insolation can be considered as critical risk factors for CVD. Future research should focus on the study and establishment of specific pathogenetic mechanisms by which environmental factors affect the cardiovascular system’s health to develop effective treatment and prevention measures.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF GREEN TEA ON BLOOD FLUIDITY IMPROVEMENT AND WEIGHT LOSS

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Djoko Agus Purwanto ◽  
Asri Darmawati ◽  
Purwaningsih Purwaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
High Fructose ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Passage Times

Introduction: Various studies have shown the benefi cial effects of green tea, not only on cardiovascular diseases butalso on type 2 diabetes. Method: In this study, the preparation of green tea water extract has been standardized to (-)-epigalocatechin gallate (EGCG), the major component of green tea. The role of green tea water extract on blood fl uidityand diabetes diseases has been studied in 13 Fructose-Fed Rat (FFR). The rats were given high fructose diet ad libitumfor one week and then combination with green tea water extract every day for 6 days. Results: The results show, greentea water extract can reduces 100 μL blood passage times of wistar rat signifi cantly (p<0.01) by Micro-Channel ArrayFlow Analyzer (MC-FAN) instrument. Green tea water extract also had strong effect in reducing abdominal fat (p<0.05),blood glucose level (p<0.01) and body weight (p<0.01). Discussion: These results suggest that green tea water extractmay has benefi cial effects for the treatment of diabetes and reduce blood viscosity.Keywords: green tea, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, HPLC, blood fl uidity, fructose-fed rat

The Vital Role of Proteomics in Characterizing Novel Protein Degraders

2021 ◽  
pp. 247255522098577
Author(s):  
Andrew X. Zhang ◽  
Katelyn Cassidy ◽  
Göran Dahl ◽  
Kevin Moreau ◽  
Fiona Pachl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
E3 Ligases ◽  
Drug Candidates ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Novel Protein

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics profiling is a discovery tool that enables researchers to understand the mechanisms of action of drug candidates. When applied to proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) such approaches provide unbiased perspectives of the binding, degradation selectivity, and mechanism related to efficacy and safety. Specifically, global profiling experiments can identify direct degradation events and assess downstream pathway modulation that may result from degradation or off-target inhibition. Targeted proteomics approaches can be used to quantify the levels of relevant E3 ligases and the protein of interest in cell lines and tissues of interest, which can inform the line of sight and provide insights on possible safety liabilities early in the project. Furthermore, proteomics approaches can be applied to understand protein turnover and resynthesis rates and inform on target tractability, as well as pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics understanding. In this perspective, we survey the literature around the impact of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in the development of PROTACs and present our envisioned proteomics cascade for supporting targeted protein degradation projects.

scholarly journals The significance of coronavirus infection in the development of reproductive and lower urinary tract lesions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Kh. S. Ibishev ◽  
A. T. Atadzhanova ◽  
E. A. Mamedov ◽  
O. N. Vasilyev
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Term Data ◽  
Lower Urinary

The impact of COVID-19 on the organs of the genitourinary system is of particular interest to the urologist. There is insufficient information about this influence up to date. The studies are actively developing and require long-term data analysis to determine possible long-term complications, persistent changes in physiological parameters and anatomical and histological structures, as well as to establish the possibility of regression of these changes and complications. The results obtained will undoubtedly improve not only the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of coronavirus infection and its complications, but also make it possible to predict certain disease's outcomes and changes in the function of organs and systems. In turn, this will give an understanding of the measures that need to be taken to completely avoid or minimize these complications and changes.This review focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on genitourinary organs, particularly its place in the development of the lower urinary tract and reproductive organs lesions, as well as the role of androgens in the course of SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Autophagy: New Insights into Mechanisms of Action and Resistance of Treatment in Acute Promyelocytic leukemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Amin Moosavi ◽  
Mojgan Djavaheri-Mergny
Keyword(s):  
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Retinoic Acid Receptor ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Differentiating Agent ◽  
Cancer Agent ◽  
The Impact

Autophagy is one of the main cellular catabolic pathways controlling a variety of physiological processes, including those involved in self-renewal, differentiation and death. While acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells manifest low levels of expression of autophagy genes associated with reduced autophagy activity, the introduction of all-trans retinoid acid (ATRA)—a differentiating agent currently used in clinical settings—restores autophagy in these cells. ATRA-induced autophagy is involved in granulocytes differentiation through a mechanism that involves among others the degradation of the PML-RARα oncoprotein. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is another anti-cancer agent that promotes autophagy-dependent clearance of promyelocytic leukemia retinoic acid receptor alpha gene (PML-RARα) in APL cells. Hence, enhancing autophagy may have therapeutic benefits in maturation-resistant APL cells. However, the role of autophagy in response to APL therapy is not so simple, because some autophagy proteins have been shown to play a pro-survival role upon ATRA and ATO treatment, and both agents can activate ETosis, a type of cell death mediated by the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (ETs). This review highlights recent findings on the impact of autophagy on the mechanisms of action of ATRA and ATO in APL cells. We also discuss the potential role of autophagy in the development of resistance to treatment, and of differentiation syndrome in APL.

scholarly journals Potential Therapeutic Targets of Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG), the Most Abundant Catechin in Green Tea, and Its Role in the Therapy of Various Types of Cancer

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 3146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh A. Almatroodi ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
Amjad Ali Khan ◽  
Fahad A. Alhumaydhi ◽  
Mohammed A. Alsahli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Cancer Management ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Chemopreventive Effect ◽  
Cell Signaling Pathways

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active compound of green tea and its role in diseases cure and prevention has been proven. Its role in diseases management can be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The anti-cancer role of this green tea compound has been confirmed in various types of cancer and is still being under explored. EGCG has been proven to possess a chemopreventive effect through inhibition of carcinogenesis process such as initiation, promotion, and progression. In addition, this catechin has proven its role in cancer management through modulating various cell signaling pathways such as regulating proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and killing of various types of cancer cells. The additive or synergistic effect of epigallocatechin with chemopreventive agents has been verified as it reduces the toxicities and enhances the anti-cancerous effects. Despite its effectiveness and safety, the implications of EGCG in cancer prevention is certainly still discussed due to a poor bioavailability. Several studies have shown the ability to overcome poor bioavailability through nanotechnology-based strategies such as encapsulation, liposome, micelles, nanoparticles and various other formulation. In this review, we encapsulate therapeutic implication of EGCG in cancer management and the mechanisms of action are discussed with an emphasis on human clinical trials.

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Black Chokeberry Fruits against Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6541
Author(s):  
Kamila Kasprzak-Drozd ◽  
Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽  
Jakub Soja ◽  
Marek Gancarz ◽  
Karolina Wojtunik-Kulesza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Ldl Oxidation ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Black Chokeberry ◽  
The Impact

Epidemiological studies have emphasized the association between a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and a lower frequency of occurrence of inflammatory-related disorders. Black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa L.) is a valuable source of biologically active compounds that have been widely investigated for their role in health promotion and cardiovascular disease prevention. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that consumption of these fruits is associated with significant improvements in hypertension, LDL oxidation, lipid peroxidation, total plasma antioxidant capacity and dyslipidemia. The mechanisms for these beneficial effects include upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, decreased oxidative stress, and inhibition of inflammatory gene expression. Collected findings support the recommendation of such berries as an essential fruit group in a heart-healthy diet. The aim of this review was to summarize the reports on the impact of black chokeberry fruits and extracts against several cardiovascular diseases, e.g., hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, as well as to provide an analysis of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect of these fruits in the abovementioned disorders.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document