scholarly journals Wound Trauma Exacerbates Acute, but not Delayed, Effects of Radiation in Rats: Mitigation by Lisinopril

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3908
Author(s):  
Meetha Medhora ◽  
Tracy Gasperetti ◽  
Ashley Schamerhorn ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Jayashree Narayanan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Post Irradiation ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Combined Injuries

The goal of this study is to understand and mitigate the effects of wounds on acute radiation syndrome (ARS) and delayed effects of acute radiation exposure (DEARE), for preparedness against a radiological attack or accident. Combined injuries from concomitant trauma and radiation are likely in these scenarios. Either exacerbation or mitigation of radiation damage by wound trauma has been previously reported in preclinical studies. Female WAG/RijCmcr rats received 13 Gy X-rays, with partial-body shielding of one leg. Within 2 h, irradiated rats and non-irradiated controls were given full-thickness skin wounds with or without lisinopril, started orally 7 days after irradiation. Morbidity, skin wound area, breathing interval and blood urea nitrogen were measured up to 160 days post-irradiation to independently evaluate wound trauma and DEARE. Wounding exacerbated morbidity in irradiated rats between 5 and 14 days post-irradiation (during the ARS phase), and irradiation delayed wound healing. Wounding did not alter delayed morbidities from radiation pneumonitis or nephropathy after 30 days post-irradiation. Lisinopril did not mitigate wound healing, but markedly decreased morbidity during DEARE from 31 through 160 days. The results derived from this unique model of combined injuries suggest different molecular mechanisms of injury and healing of ARS and DEARE after radiation exposure.

scholarly journals A Potential Role for Excess Tissue Iron in Development of Cardiovascular Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure

2020 ◽  
Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Miller ◽  
Supriya Chittajallu ◽  
Carol Sampson ◽  
Alexa Fisher ◽  
Joseph L. Unthank ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Tissue Iron

Establishing Pediatric Mouse Models of the Hematopoietic Acute Radiation Syndrome and the Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure

2021 ◽  
Vol 195 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Patterson ◽  
Rajendran Sellamuthu ◽  
P. Artur Plett ◽  
Carol H. Sampson ◽  
Hui Lin Chua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Acute Radiation Syndrome ◽  
Delayed Effects

Experimental Investigations On The Haemorrhagic Disorders In Combined Injury Of Irradiation And Traumatic Lesion

1981 ◽  
Author(s):  
H M Fritsche ◽  
Th Wustrow ◽  
O Messerschmid ◽  
G Blümel
Keyword(s):  
Skin Wound ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Bleeding Tendency ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Factor X ◽  
Traumatic Lesion ◽  
Combined Injury ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
Combined Injuries

The significance of combined injury of whole-body irradiation and traumatic lesion on hemostasis has become interesting since severe bleeding tendency has been reported in people involved in radiation accidents. The present investigations were made in an attempt to characterize the haemorrhagic disorders following combined injury in comparison with the coagulation defect induced by irradiation or traumatic lesion exclusively.45 rabbits of both sexes were divided into five groups. Animals were sham irradiated,inflicted with an autologous hematoma as a trauma,whole-body irradiated with 500 R X-rays or inflicted with a combination of irradiation and autologous hematoma or skin- wound. Already 24 hours after irradiation a highly significant prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time has been observed. The concentration of factor X and fibrinogen increased in all irradiated animals 24 hours after irradiation. Following the combined injury of irradiation and skin-wound,such increases were significantly higher than those after irradiation exclusively .The activities of antithrombin III and antiplasmin, measured with chromogenic substrates,increased after irradiation as well as after combined injuries. In addition platelet adhesiveness and aggregability measured with the collagen-induced platelet aggregation test according to BORN and the platelet adhesion test according to MORRIS increased rapidly 24 hours after combined injuries followed by a significant decrease of platelet count. Inspite of the increased levels of fibrinogen and factor X we could register a hypocoagulability with a significant increase of plasmatic protease inhibitors and an insufficiency of platelet coagulation system after combined injuries. These findings are under consideration in radiotherapy of operated patients,in radiation burn or other radiation damages combined by traumatic lesions.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory Properties of Host Defence Peptides in Skin Wound Healing

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 952
Author(s):  
Marija Petkovic ◽  
Michelle Vang Mouritzen ◽  
Biljana Mojsoska ◽  
Håvard Jenssen
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Host Defence ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Peripheral Sensory

Cutaneous wound healing is a vital biological process that aids skin regeneration upon injury. Wound healing failure results from persistent inflammatory conditions observed in diabetes, or autoimmune diseases like psoriasis. Chronic wounds are incurable due to factors like poor oxygenation, aberrant function of peripheral sensory nervature, inadequate nutrients and blood tissue supply. The most significant hallmark of chronic wounds is heavily aberrant immune skin function. The immune response in humans relies on a large network of signalling molecules and their interactions. Research studies have reported on the dual role of host defence peptides (HDPs), which are also often called antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). Their duality reflects their potential for acting as antibacterial peptides, and as immunodulators that assist in modulating several biological signalling pathways related to processes such as wound healing, autoimmune disease, and others. HDPs may differentially control gene regulation and alter the behaviour of epithelial and immune cells, resulting in modulation of immune responses. In this review, we shed light on the understanding and most recent advances related to molecular mechanisms and immune modulatory features of host defence peptides in human skin wound healing. Understanding their functional role in skin immunity may further inspire topical treatments for chronic wounds.

scholarly journals Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure in a Murine Model of the H-ARS

2015 ◽  
Vol 109 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Unthank ◽  
Steven J. Miller ◽  
Ariel K. Quickery ◽  
Ethan L. Ferguson ◽  
Meijing Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Delayed Effects

scholarly journals Delayed Effects of Acute Radiation Exposure (Deare) in Juvenile and Old Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meetha Medhora ◽  
Feng Gao ◽  
Tracy Gasperetti ◽  
Jayashree Narayanan ◽  
Abdul Hye Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Acute Radiation ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Old Rats

scholarly journals The Fluoroscopic Technique for Monitoring Distraction of a Non-Invasive Lengthening Device in Early Onset Scoliosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Thakar ◽  
S. Sonecha ◽  
D. Rolton ◽  
C. Nnadi
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Early Onset ◽  
Early Onset Scoliosis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Growing Rod ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Rod System ◽  
Effects Of Radiation

Study Design: Prospective non-randomised. Objective: To evaluate radiation exposure using fluoroscopy compared to x-rays in the monitoring of a growing rod system. Background: The integrity of implants in the treatment of early onset scoliosis (EOS) is usually monitored with repeated plain x-rays. The cumulative dosage of ionizing radiation may be high. Children are highly sensitive to the carcinogenic effects of radiation and have a longer life span in which to reflect this risk. Fluoroscopy is commonly used to obtain focused images in other areas of orthopaedics. It has the advantage of less radiation intensity due to flash exposure. We have used fluoroscopy to monitor the lengthening of a non-invasive growing rod system in the treatment of EOS. We report on the results. Methods: The technique was initially refined in vitro by performing an audit in which 10 radiographers screened a phantom spine (Plastic dummy) with an implanted non - invasive growing rod device. Pulse rate setting was 3. Average exposure time was 0.01 seconds. Average radiation dose was 0.04 μGym2. A plain x-ray of the same phantom spine yielded a radiation dose of 0.5 μGym2. Radiation exposure using fluoroscopy was compared to that received using plain radiographs in ten consecutive patients treated for EOS. There were 8 males and 2 females. Average age 5.2 years. Results: Mean radiation exposure using fluoroscopy was 0.0046 mSv compared to an average radiation exposure of 0.115 mSv using standard x-rays (p<0.003). Mean cancer induction risk was calculated to potentially reduce from 1:225,000 to 1:4.9 million. Conclusion: We would recommend fluoroscopy as a useful technique to monitor the lengthening of a non-invasive growing rod system due to the significantly smaller radiation exposure.

scholarly journals Cellular and Molecular Characteristics of Scarless versus Fibrotic Wound Healing

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Latha Satish ◽  
Sandeep Kathju
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Skin Wound ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Skin Wound Healing ◽  
Cellular Events ◽  
Compare And Contrast ◽  
Adult Skin ◽  
Fetal Wound

The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the discrete biology differentiating fetal wound repair from its adult counterpart. Integumentary wound healing in mammalian fetuses is essentially different from wound healing in adult skin. Adult (postnatal) skin wound healing is a complex and well-orchestrated process spurred by attendant inflammation that leads to wound closure with scar formation. In contrast, fetal wound repair occurs with minimal inflammation, faster re-epithelialization, and without the accumulation of scar. Although research into scarless healing began decades ago, the critical molecular mechanisms driving the process of regenerative fetal healing remain uncertain. Understanding the molecular and cellular events during regenerative healing may provide clues that one day enable us to modulate adult wound healing and consequently reduce scarring.

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