scholarly journals Fabrication of Mechanically Reinforced Gelatin/Hydroxyapatite Bio-Composite Scaffolds by Core/Shell Nozzle Printing for Bone Tissue Engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haeri Kim ◽  
Hanjun Hwangbo ◽  
YoungWon Koo ◽  
GeunHyung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Compressive Modulus ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Composite Scaffolds

In tissue engineering, biocompatible scaffolds are used as 3D cell niches to provide a similar environment to that of native tissue for seeded cells to regenerate the target tissue. When engineering bone tissue, high mechanical strength and calcium phosphate composition are essential factors to consider. In this study, we fabricated biocompatible composite scaffolds composed of synthetic polymers (polycaprolactone (PCL) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)), natural polymers (gelatin and collagen) and bioceramic (hydroxyapatite; HA) for bone tissue engineering. The synthetic polymers were used to enhance the mechanical properties of the composite scaffolds while the natural protein-based polymers were used to enhance various cellular activities, such as cell adhesion and proliferation. Meanwhile, the bioceramic was introduced to promote osteogenic differentiation. Composite scaffolds were evaluated for their physical characteristics, such as mechanical, swelling and protein absorbing properties as well as biological properties (cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities and calcium deposition) with human osteoblast-like cells (MG63). Consequently, incorporation of hydroxyapatite into the gelatin/PVA (C-GPH) scaffold showed 5-fold and 1.5-fold increase in calcium deposition and ALP activities, respectively compared to gelatin/PVA scaffold (C-GP). Moreover, compressive modulus also increased 1.8-fold. Integration of PCL core into gelatin/PVA/hydroxyapatite scaffold (C-PGPH) further amplified the compressive modulus 1.5-fold. In conclusion, the scaffold that is reinforced with HA particles and integrated with PCL core of the struts showed significant potential in field of bone tissue engineering.

Biodegradable Porous PCL/HA Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering

2007 ◽  
Vol 342-343 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Seung Eon Kim ◽  
Yong Taek Hyun ◽  
Dong June Chung ◽  
S.J. Heo ◽  
Jung Woog Shin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Pore Size ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Compressive Modulus ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Mg63 Cells ◽  
Particulate Leaching

Poly ε-caprolactone(PCL)/hydroxyapatite(HA) composite scaffolds were fabricated by particulate leaching and freeze drying routes with different HA content. Porosity was decreased with HA addition, while mean pore size was maintained at around porogen size regardless of HA content. Compressive modulus was increased with increasing HA content. In this study, the optimum content of HA was around 40% in weight against PCL to obtain the highest compressive modulus with keeping porosity above 85%. HA apparently enhanced proliferation of osteoblast-like MG63 cells in PCL/HA composite scaffolds. Typical adhesion, migration and aggregation procedure of MG63 cells were found on PCL, while spreading morphology only was found on HA even at the early stage of adhesion without migration or aggregation.

scholarly journals Correlating cell morphology and osteoid mineralization relative to strain profile for bone tissue engineering applications

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (25) ◽  
pp. 899-907 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A Wood ◽  
Y Yang ◽  
E Baas ◽  
D.O Meredith ◽  
R.G Richards ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Cell Morphology ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Cell Behaviour ◽  
Local Strains ◽  
Strain Profile ◽  
Pore Model

A number of bone tissue engineering strategies use porous three-dimensional scaffolds in combination with bioreactor regimes. The ability to understand cell behaviour relative to strain profile will allow for the effects of mechanical conditioning in bone tissue engineering to be realized and optimized. We have designed a model system to investigate the effects of strain profile on bone cell behaviour. This simplified model has been designed with a view to providing insight into the types of strain distribution occurring across a single pore of a scaffold subjected to perfusion–compression conditioning. Local strains were calculated at the surface of the pore model using finite-element analysis. Scanning electron microscopy was used in secondary electron mode to identify cell morphology within the pore relative to local strains, while backscattered electron detection in combination with X-ray microanalysis was used to identify calcium deposition. Morphology was altered according to the level of strain experienced by bone cells, where cells subjected to compressive strains (up to 0.61%) appeared extremely rounded while those experiencing zero and tensile strain (up to 0.81%) were well spread. Osteoid mineralization was similarly shown to be dose dependent with respect to substrate strain within the pore model, with the highest level of calcium deposition identified in the intermediate zones of tension/compression.

scholarly journals Dual Network Composites of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Calcium Metaphosphate/Alginate with Osteogenic Ions for Bone Tissue Engineering in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Lilis Iskandar ◽  
Lucy DiSilvio ◽  
Jonathan Acheson ◽  
Sanjukta Deb
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery

Despite considerable advances in biomaterials-based bone tissue engineering technologies, autografts remain the gold standard for rehabilitating critical-sized bone defects in the oral and maxillofacial (OMF) region. A majority of advanced synthetic bone substitutes (SBS’s) have not transcended the pre-clinical stage due to inferior clinical performance and translational barriers, which include low scalability, high cost, regulatory restrictions, limited advanced facilities and human resources. The aim of this study is to develop clinically viable alternatives to address the challenges of bone tissue regeneration in the OMF region by developing ‘dual network composites’ (DNC’s) of calcium metaphosphate (CMP)—poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/alginate with osteogenic ions: calcium, zinc and strontium. To fabricate DNC’s, single network composites of PVA/CMP with 10% (w/v) gelatine particles as porogen were developed using two freeze–thawing cycles and subsequently interpenetrated by guluronate-dominant sodium alginate and chelated with calcium, zinc or strontium ions. Physicochemical, compressive, water uptake, thermal, morphological and in vitro biological properties of DNC’s were characterised. The results demonstrated elastic 3D porous scaffolds resembling a ‘spongy bone’ with fluid absorbing capacity, easily sculptable to fit anatomically complex bone defects, biocompatible and osteoconductive in vitro, thus yielding potentially clinically viable for SBS alternatives in OMF surgery.

scholarly journals Three-dimensionally printed polycaprolactone/multicomponent bioactive glass scaffolds for potential application in bone tissue engineering

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-69
Author(s):  
Amirhosein Fathi ◽  
Farzad Kermani ◽  
Aliasghar Behnamghader ◽  
Sara Banijamali ◽  
Masoud Mozafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Co Doped

AbstractOver the last years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has been successfully applied to produce suitable substitutes for treating bone defects. In this work, 3D printed composite scaffolds of polycaprolactone (PCL) and strontium (Sr)- and cobalt (Co)-doped multi-component melt-derived bioactive glasses (BGs) were prepared for bone tissue engineering strategies. For this purpose, 30% of as-prepared BG particles (size <38 μm) were incorporated into PCL, and then the obtained composite mix was introduced into a 3D printing machine to fabricate layer-by-layer porous structures with the size of 12 × 12 × 2 mm3.The scaffolds were fully characterized through a series of physico-chemical and biological assays. Adding the BGs to PCL led to an improvement in the compressive strength of the fabricated scaffolds and increased their hydrophilicity. Furthermore, the PCL/BG scaffolds showed apatite-forming ability (i.e., bioactivity behavior) after being immersed in simulated body fluid (SBF). The in vitro cellular examinations revealed the cytocompatibility of the scaffolds and confirmed them as suitable substrates for the adhesion and proliferation of MG-63 osteosarcoma cells. In conclusion, 3D printed composite scaffolds made of PCL and Sr- and Co-doped BGs might be potentially-beneficial bone replacements, and the achieved results motivate further research on these materials.

Preparation and characterization of nano-sized hydroxyapatite/alginate/chitosan composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 20-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hye-Lee Kim ◽  
Gil-Yong Jung ◽  
Jun-Ho Yoon ◽  
Jung-Suk Han ◽  
Yoon-Jeong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Chitosan Composite
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