scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Inflammatory Syndrome. Clinical Features and Rationale for Immunological Treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Prete ◽  
Elvira Favoino ◽  
Giacomo Catacchio ◽  
Vito Racanelli ◽  
Federico Perosa
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Intensive Care Therapy ◽  
Contagious Nature ◽  
High Fatality Rate ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Inflammatory Stimuli ◽  
Immunological Treatment ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

The current pandemic coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is a global health emergency because of its highly contagious nature, the great number of patients requiring intensive care therapy, and the high fatality rate. In the absence of specific antiviral drugs, passive prophylaxis, or a vaccine, the treatment aim in these patients is to prevent the potent virus-induced inflammatory stimuli from leading to the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which has a severe prognosis. Here, the mechanism of action and the rationale for employing immunological strategies, which range from traditional chemically synthesized drugs, anti-cytokine antibodies, human immunoglobulin for intravenous use, to vaccines, are reviewed.

scholarly journals Salivary Diagnosis of COVID-19

2022 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 2254-55
Author(s):  
Seema Shafiq ◽  
Asim Riaz
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Fatality Rate ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Global Pandemic

Dear Editor, It is indeed an honour for us to contribute towards the ongoing research regarding the latest contagion, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) leading to global pandemic with variable clinical outcomes. COVID-19 positive individuals present with a variety of signs and symptoms as sore throat, cough, fever, dyspnoea, headache, myalgia, nausea, and vomiting whereas, some develop severe acute respiratory distress syndrome with a fatality rate of about 10%.1 Possible oral findings include xerostomia, hypogeusia, and chemosensory alterations. Common routes of transmission being person-to-person via direct sneeze, cough, and droplet inhalation or by contact through mucosa of eyes, nose and saliva.

scholarly journals Tracheostomy in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome patients and follow-up: A parisian bicentric retrospective cohort

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261024
Author(s):  
Diane Evrard ◽  
Igor Jurcisin ◽  
Maksud Assadi ◽  
Juliette Patrier ◽  
Victor Tafani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Late Complications ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Early Group ◽  
University Hospitals ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Hospital Stays

Background Tracheostomy has been proposed as an option to help organize the healthcare system to face the unprecedented number of patients hospitalized for a COVID-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in intensive care units (ICU). It is, however, considered a particularly high-risk procedure for contamination. This paper aims to provide our experience in performing tracheostomies on COVID-19 critically ill patients during the pandemic and its long-term local complications. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of patients tracheostomized for a COVID-19-related ARDS in two university hospitals in the Paris region between January 27th (date of first COVID-19 admission) and May 18th, 2020 (date of last tracheostomy performed). We focused on tracheostomy technique (percutaneous versus surgical), timing (early versus late) and late complications. Results Forty-eight tracheostomies were performed with an equal division between surgical and percutaneous techniques. There was no difference in patients’ characteristics between surgical and percutaneous groups. Tracheostomy was performed after a median of 17 [12–22] days of mechanical ventilation (MV), with 10 patients in the “early” group (≤ day 10) and 38 patients in the “late” group (> day 10). Survivors required MV for a median of 32 [22–41] days and were ultimately decannulated with a median of 21 [15–34] days spent on cannula. Patients in the early group had shorter ICU and hospital stays (respectively 15 [12–19] versus 35 [25–47] days; p = 0.002, and 21 [16–28] versus 54 [35–72] days; p = 0.002) and spent less time on MV (respectively 17 [14–20] and 35 [27–43] days; p<0.001). Interestingly, patients in the percutaneous group had shorter hospital and rehabilitation center stays (respectively 44 [34–81] versus 92 [61–118] days; p = 0.012, and 24 [11–38] versus 45 [22–71] days; p = 0.045). Of the 30 (67%) patients examined by a head and neck surgeon, 17 (57%) had complications with unilateral laryngeal palsy (n = 5) being the most prevalent. Conclusions Tracheostomy seems to be a safe procedure that could help ICU organization by delegating work to a separate team and favoring patient turnover by allowing faster transfer to step-down units. Following guidelines alone was found sufficient to prevent the risk of aerosolization and contamination of healthcare professionals.

scholarly journals Baseline characteristics, management, and outcomes of 55,270 children and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19 and 1,952,693 with influenza in France, Germany, Spain, South Korea and the United States: an international network cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Talita Duarte-Salles ◽  
David Vizcaya ◽  
Andrea Pistillo ◽  
Paula Casajust ◽  
Anthony G. Sena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
List Type ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo characterize the demographics, comorbidities, symptoms, in-hospital treatments, and health outcomes among children/adolescents diagnosed or hospitalized with COVID-19. Secondly, to describe health outcomes amongst children/adolescents diagnosed with previous seasonal influenza.DesignInternational network cohort.SettingReal-world data from European primary care records (France/Germany/Spain), South Korean claims and US claims and hospital databases.ParticipantsDiagnosed and/or hospitalized children/adolescents with COVID-19 at age <18 between January and June 2020; diagnosed with influenza in 2017-2018.Main outcome measuresBaseline demographics and comorbidities, symptoms, 30-day in-hospital treatments and outcomes including hospitalization, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multi-system inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C), and death.ResultsA total of 55,270 children/adolescents diagnosed and 3,693 hospitalized with COVID-19 and 1,952,693 diagnosed with influenza were studied.Comorbidities including neurodevelopmental disorders, heart disease, and cancer were all more common among those hospitalized vs diagnosed with COVID-19. The most common COVID-19 symptom was fever. Dyspnea, bronchiolitis, anosmia and gastrointestinal symptoms were more common in COVID-19 than influenza.In-hospital treatments for COVID-19 included repurposed medications (<10%), and adjunctive therapies: systemic corticosteroids (6.8% to 37.6%), famotidine (9.0% to 28.1%), and antithrombotics such as aspirin (2.0% to 21.4%), heparin (2.2% to 18.1%), and enoxaparin (2.8% to 14.8%).Hospitalization was observed in 0.3% to 1.3% of the COVID-19 diagnosed cohort, with undetectable (N<5 per database) 30-day fatality. Thirty-day outcomes including pneumonia, ARDS, and MIS-C were more frequent in COVID-19 than influenza.ConclusionsDespite negligible fatality, complications including pneumonia, ARDS and MIS-C were more frequent in children/adolescents with COVID-19 than with influenza. Dyspnea, anosmia and gastrointestinal symptoms could help differential diagnosis. A wide range of medications were used for the inpatient management of pediatric COVID-19.What is already known on this topic?Most of the early COVID-19 studies were targeted at adult patients, and data concerning children and adolescents are limited.Clinical manifestations of COVID-19 are generally milder in the pediatric population compared with adults.Hospitalization for COVID-19 affects mostly infants, toddlers, and children with pre-existing comorbidities.What this study adds⍰This study comprehensively characterizes a large international cohort of pediatric COVID-19 patients, and almost 2 million with previous seasonal influenza across 5 countries.⍰Although uncommon, pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and multi-system inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) were more frequent in children and adolescents diagnosed with COVID-19 than in those with seasonal influenza.⍰Dyspnea, bronchiolitis, anosmia and gastrointestinal symptoms were more frequent in COVID-19, and could help to differentiate pediatric COVID-19 from influenza.⍰A plethora of medications were used during the management of COVID-19 in children and adolescents, with great heterogeneity in the use of antiviral therapies as well as of adjunctive therapies.

scholarly journals Paradoxical Immune Reconstitution Syndrome Presenting as Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Leukemia Patient during Neutrophil Recovery

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Issam A. Alawin ◽  
Bernard M. Karnath
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Immune Reconstitution ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Leukemia Patient ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) in the setting of antiretroviral therapy is well described, but it is not as common in non-HIV patients; here, we present a case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome presenting as acute respiratory distress syndrome in a leukemia patient who had neutropenic fever and septic shock after high-dose cytarabine. During neutropenia recovery, his chest X-ray showed progressive worsening despite being on adequate therapy, we started him on steroids which resulted in significant clinical improvement.

Coronavirus infection in the practice of a general practitioner

2020 ◽  
pp. 78-81
Author(s):  
O. Gizinger
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
General Practitioner ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Laboratory Diagnosis ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
New Variant ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Viral Infections

The article presents analysis of current information about the etiology, pathogenesis, and laboratory diagnosis of coronavirus 2019-nCoV. It has been shown that all animal species serve as the biological reservoirs for coronavirus. Historical moments in the study of coronavirus infection, methods of protection against viruses are considered. The most common clinical manifestation of a new variant of coronavirus infection is pneumonia, and acute respiratory distress syndrome has developed in a significant number of patients. The article is devoted to methods of protection and prevention of respiratory viral infections. The tactics for the general practitioner dealing with this pathology are indicated on the basis of global and Russian recommendations.

scholarly journals Novel technique using surgical scrub sponges to protect the nose and face during prone ventilation for coronavirus disease 2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (8) ◽  
pp. 735-738
Author(s):  
T J Stubington ◽  
M S Mansuri
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Novel Technique ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Nasal Pressure

AbstractBackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 is an international pandemic. One of the cardinal features is acute respiratory distress syndrome, and proning has been identified as beneficial for a subset of patients. However, proning is associated with pressure-related side effects, including injury to the nose and face.MethodThis paper describes a pressure-relieving technique using surgical scrub sponges. This technique was derived based on previous methods used in patients following rhinectomy.ConclusionThe increased use of prone ventilation has resulted in a number of referrals to the ENT team with concerns regarding nasal pressure damage. The described technique, which is straightforward and uses readily available materials, has proven effective in relieving pressure in a small number of patients.

French hospitals faced with the COVID-19 pandemic: the reality of logistical strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Gilles Paché
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
Number Of Patients

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged many health systems, particularly in France, Italy and Spain. The very sharp increase in the number of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome led public hospitals to implement management-inspired logistical strategies. This comment focuses on the French system and underlines that hospitals tend to be increasingly managed like private companies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document