scholarly journals Preliminary Assessment of the Mucosal Toxicity of Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Essential Oils on Novel Porcine Uterus Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Bertocchi ◽  
Antonella Rigillo ◽  
Alberto Elmi ◽  
Domenico Ventrella ◽  
Camilla Aniballi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Future Perspective ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Uterine Mucosa ◽  
Vitro Model

Antimicrobial resistance, an ever-growing global crisis, is strongly linked to the swine production industry. In previous studies, Melaleuca alternifolia and Rosmarinus officinalis essential oils have been evaluated for toxicity on porcine spermatozoa and for antimicrobial capabilities in artificial insemination doses, with the future perspective of their use as antibiotic alternatives. The aim of the present research was to develop and validate in vitro and ex vivo models of porcine uterine mucosa for the evaluation of mucosal toxicity of essential oils. The in vitro model assessed the toxicity of a wider range of concentrations of both essential oils (from 0.2 to 500 mg/mL) on sections of uterine tissue, while the ex vivo model was achieved by filling the uterine horns. The damage induced by the oils was assessed by Evans Blue (EB) permeability assay and histologically. The expression of ZO-1, a protein involved in the composition of tight junctions, was assessed through immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence analysis. The results showed that low concentrations (0.2–0.4 mg/mL) of both essential oils, already identified as non-spermicidal but still antimicrobial, did not alter the structure and permeability of the swine uterine mucosa. Overall, these findings strengthen the hypothesis of a safe use of essential oils in inseminating doses of boar to replace antibiotics.

scholarly journals In Vitro Efficacy of Essential Oils from Melaleuca Alternifolia and Rosmarinus Officinalis, Manuka Honey-based Gel, and Propolis as Antibacterial Agents Against Canine Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius Strains

Antibiotics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 344
Author(s):  
Gabriele Meroni ◽  
Elena Cardin ◽  
Charlotte Rendina ◽  
Valentina Rafaela Herrera Millar ◽  
Joel Fernando Soares Filipe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Staphylococcus Pseudintermedius ◽  
Tea Tree

Essential oils (EOs) and honeybee products (e.g., honey and propolis) are natural mixtures of different volatile compounds that are frequently used in traditional medicine and for pathogen eradication. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial properties of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) EO (TTEO), Rosmarinus officinalis EO (ROEO), manuka-based gel, and propolis against 23 strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (SP) isolated from canine pyoderma. Antimicrobial resistance screening was assessed using a panel of nine antimicrobial agents coupled with a PCR approach. An aromatogram was done for both EOs, using the disk diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for all the compounds. Among the 23 SP strains, 14 (60.9%) were multidrug-resistant (MDR), 11 strains (47.8%) were methicillin-resistant (MRSP), and 9 (39.1%) were non-MDR. The mean diameter of the inhibition zone for Melaleuca and Rosmarinus were 24.5 ± 8.8 mm and 15.2 ± 8.9 mm, respectively, resulting as statistically different (p = 0.0006). MIC values of TTEO and ROEO were similar (7.6 ± 3.2% and 8.9 ± 2.1%, respectively) and no statistical significances were found. Honeybee products showed lower MIC compared to those of EOs, 0.22 ± 0.1% for Manuka and 0.8 ± 0.5% for propolis. These findings reveal a significant antibacterial effect for all the tested products.

scholarly journals Bronchial blockers under pressure: in vitro model and ex vivo model

2016 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. i92-i96 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carassiti ◽  
A. Mattei ◽  
C.M. Pizzo ◽  
N. Vallone ◽  
P. Saccomandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Vitro Model

scholarly journals The application of tea tree essential oil in dentistry

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
D. Markovic ◽  
B. Mirkovic ◽  
T. Jovanovic ◽  
A. Knezevic ◽  
T. Nastovski
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Prevotella Intermedia ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Plant Substances

Essential oils are widely used in medicine, dentistry and cosmetology as flavour and odour corrigents in various substances for oral hygiene. The aim of this study was to present comprehensively the possibilities for application of Melaleuca Alternifolia essential oil in dentistry based on the analysis of contemporary scientific and professional publications. The application of Tea tree essential oil in the treatment of periodontal, fungal and viral diseases is very efficient. The study of antimicrobial potential of ten different essential oils confirmed the efficiency of Tea tree oil against numerous Gram+ and Gram- bacteria. In vitro studies of bacteriostatic, bactericidal and fungicidal effect of Tea tree oil solution against ten different microorganisms confirmed sensitivity of the following microorganisms: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, and slightly weaker effect against Streptococcus Mutans and Prevotella intermedia. Tea tree is very effective in the treatment of various diseases and is an introduction and momentum for the application of plant substances in the treatment of numerous diseases in dentistry. .

In Vitro Antimicrobial Activities of Commercially Available Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) Essential Oils

2018 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paola Brun ◽  
Giulia Bernabè ◽  
Raffaella Filippini ◽  
Anna Piovan
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Tea Tree

scholarly journals Essential oils in ocular pathology: an experimental study

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 650-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Cannas ◽  
Donatella Usai ◽  
Antonio Pinna ◽  
Stefania Benvenuti ◽  
Roberta Tardugno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Thymus Vulgaris ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Natural Drugs

Introduction: The antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) has been known for ages; in particular, the EOs of Melaleuca alternifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, and Rosmarinus officinalis have been used for the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections. Methodology: This study focused on the in vitro cytotoxicity to normal human conjunctiva cells and antimicrobial activity of 20 EOs. Results: The oils tested showed no cytotoxic effect at very low concentrations. Rosmarinus officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, and Thymus vulgaris L. red thyme geraniol sel oils had good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. Conclusions: The results of this study are of great interest and may have a major impact on public health, providing useful tips to optimize the therapeutic use of some natural drugs.

In vitro and ex vivo activity of Melaleuca alternifolia against protoscoleces of Echinococcus ortleppi

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIELI URACH MONTEIRO ◽  
MARIA ISABEL AZEVEDO ◽  
CARLA WEIBLEN ◽  
SÔNIA DE AVILA BOTTON ◽  
NADINE LYSYK FUNK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Tea Tree Oil ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Melaleuca Alternifolia ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Difficult Diagnosis

SUMMARYCystic echinococcosis is a zoonotic disease of difficult diagnosis and treatment. The use of protoscolicidal agents in procedures is of utmost importance for treatment success. This study was aimed at analysing the in vitro and ex vivo activity of Melaleuca alternifolia oil (tea tree oil – TTO), its nanoemulsion formulation (NE-TTO) and its major component (terpinen-4-ol) against Echinococcus ortleppi protoscoleces obtained from cattle. Concentrations of 2·5, 5 and 10 mg mL−1 of TTO, 10 mg mL−1 of NE-TTO and 1, 1·5 and 2 mg mL−1 of terpinen-4-ol were evaluated in vitro against protoscoleces at 5, 10, 15 and 30 min. TTO was also injected directly into hydatid cysts (ex vivo analysis, n = 20) and the viability of protoscoleces was evaluated at 5, 15 and 30 min. The results indicated protoscolicidal effect at all tested formulations and concentrations. Terpinen-4-ol (2 mg mL−1) activity was superior when compared with the highest concentration of TTO. NE-TTO reached a gradual protoscolicidal effect. TTO at 20 mg mL−1 showed 90% protoscolicidal action in hydatid cysts at 5 min. The results showed that TTO affects the viability of E. ortleppi protoscoleces, suggesting a new protoscolicidal option to the treatment of cystic equinococcosis.

Effects of Two Different Doses of Hirudin on APTT, Determined with Eight Different Reagents

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (02) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Monreal ◽  
Luis Monreal ◽  
Rafael Ruiz de Gopegui ◽  
Yvonne Espada ◽  
Ana Maria Angles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Anticoagulant Activity ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Significant Prolongation ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Different Doses

SummaryThe APTT has been considered the most suitable candidate to monitor the anticoagulant activity of hirudin. However, its use is hampered by problems of standardization, which make the results heavily dependent on the responsiveness of the reagent used. Our aim was to investigate if this different responsiveness of different reagents when added in vitro is to be confirmed in an ex vivo study.Two different doses of r-hirudin (CGP 39393), 0.3 mg/kg and 1 mg/kg, were administered subcutaneously to 20 New Zealand male rabbits, and the differences in prolongation of APTT 2 and 12 h later were compared, using 8 widely used commercial reagents. All groups exhibited a significant prolongation of APTT 2 h after sc administration of hirudin, both at low and high doses. But this prolongation persisted 12 h later only when the PTTa reagent (Boehringer Mannheim) was used. In general, hirudin prolonged the APTT most with the silica- based reagents.In a further study, we compared the same APTT reagents in an in vitro study in which normal pooled plasma was mixed with increasing amount of hirudin. We failed to confirm a higher sensitivity for silica- containing reagents. Thus, we conclude that subcutaneous administration of hirudin prolongs the APTT most with the silica-based reagents, but this effect is exclusive for the ex vivo model.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Novel Standardized Platelet Rich Plasma Releasates on Knee Osteoarthritic Chondrocytes and Cartilage in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 920-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Gato-Calvo ◽  
Tamara Hermida-Gómez ◽  
Cristina R. Romero ◽  
Elena F. Burguera ◽  
Francisco J. Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Cartilage Explants ◽  
Ex Vivo Model ◽  
Chondrocyte Viability ◽  
Platelet Concentration ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) has recently emerged as a potential treatment for osteoarthritis (OA), but composition heterogeneity hampers comparison among studies, with the result that definite conclusions on its efficacy have not been reached. Objective: 1) To develop a novel methodology to prepare a series of standardized PRP releasates (PRP-Rs) with known absolute platelet concentrations, and 2) To evaluate the influence of this standardization parameter on the anti-inflammatory properties of these PRP-Rs in an in vitro and an ex vivo model of OA. Methods: A series of PRPs was prepared using the absolute platelet concentration as the standardization parameter. Doses of platelets ranged from 0% (platelet poor plasma, PPP) to 1.5·105 platelets/µl. PRPs were then activated with CaCl2 to obtain releasates (PRP-R). Chondrocytes were stimulated with 10% of each PRP-R in serum-free culture medium for 72 h to assess proliferation and viability. Cells were co-stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β (5 ng/ml) and 10% of each PRP-R for 48 h to determine the effects on gene expression, secretion and intra-cellular content of common markers associated with inflammation, catabolism and oxidative stress in OA. OA cartilage explants were co-stimulated with IL-1β (5 ng/ml) and 10% of either PRP-R with 0.75·105 platelets/µl or PRP-R with 1.5·105 platelets/µl for 21 days to assess matrix inflammatory degradation. Results: Chondrocyte viability was not affected, and proliferation was dose-dependently increased. The gene expression of all pro-inflammatory mediators was significantly and dose-independently reduced, except for that of IL-1β and IL-8. Immunoblotting corroborated this effect for inducible NO synthase (NOS2). Secreted matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) was reduced to almost basal levels by the PRP-R from PPP. Increasing platelet dosage led to progressive loss to this anti-catabolic ability. Safranin O and toluidine blue stains supported the beneficial effect of low platelet dosage on cartilage matrix preservation. Conclusion: We have developed a methodology to prepare PRP releasates using the absolute platelet concentration as the standardization parameter. Using this approach, the composition of the resulting PRP derived product is independent of the donor initial basal platelet count, thereby allowing the evaluation of its effects objectively and reproducibly. In our OA models, PRP-Rs showed antiinflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-catabolic properties. Platelet enrichment could favor chondrocyte proliferation but is not necessary for the above effects and could even be counter-productive.

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