scholarly journals Acute Kidney Injury in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Direct Effect of Virus on Kidney Proximal Tubule Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoocher Soleimani
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Severe Respiratory Infection ◽  
Tubule Cells ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronaviruses (CoVs), including Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), and the novel coronavirus disease-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are a group of enveloped RNA viruses that cause a severe respiratory infection which is associated with a high mortality [...]

scholarly journals 6-Shogaol protects against ischemic acute kidney injury by modulating NF-κB and heme oxygenase-1 pathways

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (3) ◽  
pp. F743-F756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Jun Han ◽  
Mihwa Kim ◽  
Vivette D. D’Agati ◽  
H. Thomas Lee
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Heme Oxygenase ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Zinc Protoporphyrin ◽  
Mrna Synthesis ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Tubule Cells

Acute kidney injury (AKI) due to renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) is a major clinical problem without effective therapy. Ginger is one of the most widely consumed spices in the world, and 6-shogaol, a major ginger metabolite, has anti-inflammatory effects in neuronal and epithelial cells. Here, we demonstrate our novel findings that 6-shogaol treatment protected against renal I/R injury with decreased plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and kidney neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin mRNA synthesis compared with vehicle-treated mice subjected to renal I/R. Additionally, 6-shogaol treatment reduced kidney inflammation (decreased proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine synthesis as well as neutrophil infiltration) and apoptosis (decreased TUNEL-positive renal tubular cells) compared with vehicle-treated mice subjected to renal I/R. In cultured human and mouse kidney proximal tubule cells, 6-shogaol significantly attenuated TNF-α-induced inflammatory cytokine and chemokine mRNA synthesis. Mechanistically, 6-shogaol significantly attenuated TNF-α-induced NF-κB activation in human renal proximal tubule cells by reducing IKKαβ/IκBα phosphorylation. Furthermore, 6-shogaol induced a cytoprotective chaperone heme oxygenase (HO)-1 via p38 MAPK activation in vitro and in vivo. Consistent with these findings, pretreatment with the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin IX completely prevented 6-shogaol-mediated protection against ischemic AKI in mice. Taken together, our study showed that 6-shogaol protects against ischemic AKI by attenuating NF-κB activation and inducing HO-1 expression. 6-Shogaol may provide a potential therapy for ischemic AKI during the perioperative period.

scholarly journals MO331LINEAGE TRACING OF REGENERATING PROXIMAL TUBULE CELLS (STC) BY SINGLE CELL PROFILING IN ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Stamellou ◽  
Mingbo Cheng ◽  
Viktor Sterzer ◽  
Katja Leuchtle ◽  
Thiago Strieder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Transgenic Mouse ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Multiple Time ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Tubule Cells

Abstract Background and Aims Acute tubular injury accounts for the most common intrinsic cause for acute kidney injury (AKI). The scattered tubular cell (STC) phenotype was discovered as a uniform reaction of tubule cells triggered by injury. Our group was the first to identify an inducible transgenic mouse (PEC-rtTA-mouse) specifically labeling STCs with eGFP. Analysis of the transcriptional factors and associated signaling pathways might reveal the function and role of STCs in AKI. Method Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of unilateral ischemia-reperfusion murine model of AKI 8, 24, 48 hours and 6 and 12 days after AKI induction. Results Genes expressing proximal tubular proteins and transporters were markedly downregulated during transition into the STC phenotype upon injury; but expression recovered over time and upon resolution and tubular cells re-differentiated into proximal tubule cells. This provides evidence for the first time that the STC phenotype is a transient and reversible phenotype triggered by injury. Among cells in the STC phenotype, we could identify 2 sub-clusters; a highly proliferating sub-cluster that in the cell cycle analysis showed the highest proportion of cycling cells. The second eGFP-positive cluster appeared very early after AKI and expressed a distinct set of genes (defined by 7 anchor genes). Some of the highly up-regulated genes are known markers of STCs hence confirming the specificity of our transgenic mouse line. Conclusion Our study provides gene expression patterns specifically in STCs upon injury and repair at multiple time points and suggests that the STC phenotype is a transient and reversible phenotype triggered by injury.

Renal organic anion transporter 1 is maldistributed and diminishes in proximal tubule cells but increases in vasculature after ischemia and reperfusion

2008 ◽  
Vol 295 (6) ◽  
pp. F1807-F1816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osun Kwon ◽  
Wei-Wei Wang ◽  
Shane Miller
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Organic Anion ◽  
Basolateral Membrane ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Organic Anion Transporter ◽  
Membrane Domain ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Anion Transporter ◽  
Tubule Cells

Renal solute clearances are reduced in ischemic acute kidney injury. However, the mechanisms explaining how solute clearance is impaired have not been clarified. Recently, we reported that cadaveric renal allografts exhibit maldistribution of organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1) in proximal tubule cells after ischemia and reperfusion, resulting in impairment of PAH clearance. In the present study, we characterized renal OAT1 in detail after ischemia-reperfusion using a rat model. We analyzed renal OAT1 using confocal microscopy with a three-dimensional reconstruction of serial optical images, Western blot, and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. OAT1 was distributed to basolateral membranes of proximal tubule cells in controls. With ischemia, OAT1 decreased in basolateral membrane, especially in the lateral membrane domain, and appeared diffusely in cytoplasm. After reperfusion following 60-min ischemia, OAT1 often formed cytoplasmic aggregates. The staining for OAT1 started reappearing in lateral membrane domain 1 h after reperfusion. The basolateral membrane staining was relatively well discernable at 240 h of reperfusion. Of note, a distinct increase in OAT1 expression was noted in vasculature early after ischemia and after reperfusion. The total amount of OAT1 protein expression in the kidney diminished after ischemia-reperfusion in a duration-dependent manner until 72 h, when they began to recover. However, even at 240 h, the amount of OAT1 did not reach control levels. The kidney tissues tended to show a remarkable but transient increase in mRNA expression for OAT1 at 5 min of ischemia. Our findings may provide insights of renal OAT1 in its cellular localization and response during ischemic acute kidney injury and recovery from it.

scholarly journals FoxM1 drives proximal tubule proliferation during repair from acute kidney injury

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Chang-Panesso ◽  
Farid F. Kadyrov ◽  
Matthew Lalli ◽  
Haojia Wu ◽  
Shiyo Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Tubule Cells ◽  
Injury And Repair

AbstractThe proximal tubule has a remarkable capacity for repair after acute injury but the cellular lineage and molecular mechanisms underlying this repair response have been poorly characterized. Here, we developed a Kim-1-GFPCreERt2knockin mouse line (Kim-1-GCE), performed genetic lineage analysis after injury and measured the cellular transcriptome of proximal tubule during repair. Acutely injured genetically labeled clones co-expressed Kim-1, Vimentin, Sox9 and Ki67, indicating a dedifferentiated and proliferative state. Clonal analysis revealed clonal expansion of Kim-1+ cells, indicating that acutely injured, dedifferentiated proximal tubule cells account for repair rather than a fixed tubular progenitor. Translational profiling during injury and repair revealed signatures of both successful and unsuccessful maladaptive repair. The transcription factor FoxM1 was induced early in injury, was required for epithelial proliferation, and was dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) stimulation. In conclusion, dedifferentiated proximal tubule cells effect proximal tubule repair and we reveal a novel EGFR-FoxM1-dependent signaling pathway that drives proliferative repair after injury.

scholarly journals Single-cell Analysis of ACE2 Expression in Human Kidneys and Bladders Reveals a Potential Route of 2019-nCoV Infection

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Lin ◽  
Longfei Hu ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Joshua D. Ooi ◽  
Ting Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Single Cell Analysis ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Bladder Cell ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Tubule Cells

AbstractSince December 2019, a novel coronavirus named 2019 coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has emerged in Wuhan of China and spread to several countries worldwide within just one month. Apart from fever and respiratory complications, acute kidney injury has been observed in some patients with 2019-nCoV. In a short period of time, angiotensin converting enzyme II (ACE2), have been proposed to serve as the receptor for the entry of 2019-nCoV, which is the same for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS). To investigate the possible cause of kidney damage in 2019-nCoV patients, we used both published kidney and bladder cell atlas data and an independent unpublished kidney single cell RNA-Seq data generated in-house to evaluate ACE2 gene expressions in all cell types in healthy kidneys and bladders.Our results showed the enriched expression of all subtypes of proximal tubule cells of kidney and low but detectable levels of expression in bladder epithelial cells. These results indicated the urinary system is a potential route for 2019-nCoV infection, along with the respiratory system and digestion system. Our findings suggested the kidney abnormalities of SARS and 2019-nCoV patients may be due to proximal tubule cells damage and subsequent systematic inflammatory response induced kidney injury. Beyond that, laboratory tests of viruses and related indicators in urine may be needed in some special patients of 2019-nCoV.

scholarly journals Post-COVID–19 complication and its effect on acute kidney injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e18-e18
Author(s):  
Vinit Singh Baghel ◽  
Sapnita Shinde ◽  
Vibha Sinha ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Pandey ◽  
Sudhakar Dwivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
New Strategies

The novel coronavirus outbreak has become a global health emergency. The common symptoms of COVID-19 disease which have affected a large population are common cold, fatigue, headache and fever. However, complications such as multiple organ failure, acute respiratory syndrome and septic shock are seen in about 5% of patients with persisting severe symptoms and post-COVID syndrome. The COVID-19 acute kidney injury in patients displays damage in the kidney, proteinuria, hematuria and elevated serum creatinine. The symptoms of acute kidney injury vary from mild to severe, which necessitates proper clinical management and renal replacement therapy (RRT). Therefore, it is necessary to understand the pathophysiology of acute kidney injury involving infiltrated immune cells, thrombosis, and cytokine regulation. There is no definite treatment for acute kidney injury; the strategy for preventing the complications will only come through clinical experience. Therefore, more studies are needed for the proper understanding of the disease etiology in acute kidney injury patients with COVID-19. New strategies, International collaboration and multi-disciplinary research are needed to be implemented for the proper management.

scholarly journals osr1 maintains renal progenitors and regulates podocyte development by promoting wnt2ba through antagonism of hand2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bridgette E. Drummond ◽  
Brooke E. Chambers ◽  
Hannah M. Wesselman ◽  
Marisa N. Ulrich ◽  
Gary F. Gerlach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Proximal Tubule ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Proximal Tubule Cells ◽  
Genetic Pathways ◽  
Forward Genetic Screen ◽  
Tubule Cells ◽  
Renal Progenitors ◽  
Canonical Wnt

ABSTRACTKnowledge about the genetic pathways that control renal cell lineage development is essential to better understand the basis of congenital malformations of the kidney and design regenerative medicine therapies. The embryonic zebrafish kidney, or pronephros, contains two nephrons that are conserved with humans. Recently, the transcription factors Osr1 and Hand2 were found to exert antagonistic influences to balance kidney specification (Perens et al., 2016). Here, we performed a forward genetic screen in zebrafish to identify nephrogenesis regulators, where whole genome sequencing of the novel oceanside (ocn) mutant revealed a nonsense mutation in osr1. ocn mutants evince severe pronephros defects including abrogation of podocytes and proximal tubule cells. Our studies reveal that osr1 is not needed to specify renal progenitors, but rather required to maintain their survival. Additionally, osr1 is requisite for expression of the canonical Wnt ligand wnt2ba, where wnt2ba is expressed in the intermediate mesoderm (IM) and later restricts to podocytes. Deficiency of wnt2ba reduced podocyte progenitors, where overexpression of wnt2ba was sufficient to rescue the podocyte lineage as well as osr1 loss of function. Finally, we demonstrate that reciprocal antagonism between osr1 and hand2 mediates podocyte development specifically by controlling wnt2ba expression in the IM. Together, our data show that Osr1 is essential for a sequence of temporal functions that mediate the survival and lineage decisions of IM progenitors, and subsequently the maintenance of podocytes and proximal tubule epithelium in the embryonic nephron.

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