scholarly journals Human Ovarian Cortex biobanking: A Fascinating Resource for Fertility Preservation in Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3245
Author(s):  
Erica Silvestris ◽  
Giuseppe De Palma ◽  
Stefano Canosa ◽  
Simone Palini ◽  
Miriam Dellino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Ovarian Cortex ◽  
Ovarian Protection ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Radiation Treatments ◽  
Routine Procedures

Novel anti-cancer treatments have improved the survival rates of female young patients, reopening pregnancy issues for female cancer survivors affected by the tumor treatment-related infertility. This condition occurs in approximately one third of women of fertile age and is mainly dependent on gonadotoxic protocols, including radiation treatments. Besides routine procedures such as the hormonal induction of follicular growth and subsequent cryopreservation of oocytes or embryos, the ovarian protection by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists during chemotherapy as well as even gonadal shielding during radiotherapy, other innovative techniques are available today and need to be optimized to support their introduction into the clinical practice. These novel methods are hormone stimulation-free and include the ovarian cortex cryopreservation before anti-cancer treatments and its subsequent autologous reimplantation and a regenerative medicine approach using oocytes derived in vitro from ovarian stem cells (OSCs). For both procedures, the major benefit is related to the prompt recruitment and processing of the ovarian cortex fragments before gonadotoxic treatments. However, while the functional competence of oocytes within the cryopreserved cortex is not assessable, the in vitro maturation of OSCs to oocytes, allows to select the most competent eggs to be cryopreserved for fertility restoration.

scholarly journals Characterization of Iron Core–Gold Shell Nanoparticles for Anti-Cancer Treatments: Chemical and Structural Transformations During Storage and Use

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2572 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Na Wu ◽  
Dar-Bin Shieh ◽  
Li-Xing Yang ◽  
Hwo-Shuenn Sheu ◽  
Rongkun Thordarson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Au Nanoparticles ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Shell Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
One Year ◽  
Means Of Transmission

Finding a cancer-selective drug that avoids damaging healthy cells and organs is a holy grail in medical research. In our previous studies, gold-coated iron (Fe@Au) nanoparticles showed cancer selective anti-cancer properties in vitro and in vivo but were found to gradually lose that activity with storage or "ageing.” To determine the reasons for this diminished anti-cancer activity, we examined Fe@Au nanoparticles at different preparation and storage stages by means of transmission electron microscopy combined with and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, along with X-ray diffraction analysis and cell viability tests. We found that dried and reconstituted Fe@Au nanoparticles, or Fe@Au nanoparticles within cells, decompose into irregular fragments of γ-F2O3 and agglomerated gold clumps. These changes cause the loss of the particles’ anti-cancer effects. However, we identified that the anti-cancer properties of Fe@Au nanoparticles can be well preserved under argon or, better still, liquid nitrogen storage for six months and at least one year, respectively.

scholarly journals Two-stage nanoparticle delivery of piperlongumine and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) anti-cancer therapy

TECHNOLOGY ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 60-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles C. Sharkey ◽  
Jiahe Li ◽  
Sweta Roy ◽  
Qianhui Wu ◽  
Michael R. King
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Xenograft Model ◽  
Plga Nanoparticles ◽  
Mouse Xenograft Model ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
In Vivo Testing ◽  
Hct116 Cells

This study outlines a drug delivery mechanism that utilizes two independent vehicles, allowing for delivery of chemically and physically distinct agents. The mechanism was utilized to deliver a new anti-cancer combination therapy consisting of piperlongumine (PL) and TRAIL to treat PC3 prostate cancer and HCT116 colon cancer cells. PL, a small-molecule hydrophobic drug, was encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles. TRAIL was chemically conjugated to the surface of liposomes. PL was first administered to sensitize cancer cells to the effects of TRAIL. PC3 and HCT116 cells had lower survival rates in vitro after receiving the dual nanoparticle therapy compared to each agent individually. In vivo testing involved a subcutaneous mouse xenograft model using NOD-SCID gamma mice and HCT116 cells. Two treatment cycles were administered over 48 hours. Higher apoptotic rates were observed for HCT116 tumor cells that received the dual nanoparticle therapy compared to individual stages of the nanoparticle therapy alone.

scholarly journals Fertility Preservation in Female Cancer Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chung-Hoon Kim ◽  
Gyun-Ho Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Gynecologic Surgery ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Future Fertility ◽  
Female Cancer Patients ◽  
Gestational Surrogacy

With improved survival rates among cancer patients, fertility preservation is now being recognized as an issue of great importance. There are currently several methods of fertility preservation available in female cancer patients and the options and techniques via assisted reproduction and cryopreservation are increasing, but some are still experimental and continues to be evaluated. The established means of preserving fertility include embryo cryopreservation, gonadal shielding during radiation therapy, ovarian transposition, conservative gynecologic surgery such as radical trachelectomy, donor embryos/oocytes, gestational surrogacy, and adoption. The experimental methods include oocyte cryopreservation, ovarian cryopreservation and transplantation, in vitro maturation, and ovarian suppression. With advances in methods for the preservation of fertility, providing information about risk of infertility and possible options of fertility preservation to all young patients with cancer, and discussing future fertility with them should be also considered as one of the important parts of consultation at the time of cancer diagnosis.

scholarly journals Microfluidic bioprinting for the in vitro generation of novel biomimetic human testicular tissues

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meghan Alice Robinson ◽  
Erin Bedford ◽  
Luke Witherspoon ◽  
Stephanie Willerth ◽  
Ryan Flannigan
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Survival ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Testicular Cells ◽  
Human Spermatogenesis

Advances in cancer treatments have greatly improved pediatric cancer survival rates, leading to quality of life considerations and in particular fertility restoration. Accordingly, pre-pubertal patients have the option to cryopreserve testicular tissue for experimental restorative therapies, including in vitro spermatogenesis, wherein testicular tissue is engineered in vitro and spermatozoa are collected for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Current in vitro systems have been unable to reliably support the generation of spermatozoa from human testicular tissues, likely due to the inability for the dissociated testicular cells to recreate the native architecture of testicular tissue found in vivo. Recent advances in 3-D bioprinting can place cells into geometries at fine resolutions comparable to microarchitectures found in native tissues, and therefore hold promise as a tool for the development of a biomimetic in vitro system for human spermatogenesis. This study assessed the utility of bioprinting technology to recreate the precise architecture of testicular tissue and corresponding spermatogenesis for the first time. We printed testicular cell-laden hollow microtubules at similar resolutions to seminiferous tubules, and compared the results to testicular organoids. We show that the human testicular cells retain their viability and functionality post-printing, and illustrate an intrinsic ability to reorganize into their native cytoarchitecture. This study provides a proof of concept for the use of 3-D bioprinting technology as a tool to create biomimetic human testicular tissues.

scholarly journals Combination Therapy of Novel Oncolytic Adenovirus with Anti-PD1 Resulted in Enhanced Anti-Cancer Effect in Syngeneic Immunocompetent Melanoma Mouse Model

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Mariangela Garofalo ◽  
Laura Bertinato ◽  
Monika Staniszewska ◽  
Magdalena Wieczorek ◽  
Stefano Salmaso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Enzyme Assay ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Oncolytic Adenovirus ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Check Point Inhibitors ◽  
Melanoma Therapy

Malignant melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, has a low five-year survival rate in patients with advanced disease. Immunotherapy represents a promising approach to improve survival rates among patients at advanced stage. Herein, the aim of the study was to design and produce, by using engineering tools, a novel oncolytic adenovirus AdV-D24- inducible co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL)-CD40L expressing potent co-stimulatory molecules enhancing clinical efficacy through the modulation of anti-cancer immune responses. Firstly, we demonstrated the vector’s identity and genetic stability by restriction enzyme assay and sequencing, then, by performing in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical studies we explored the anti-cancer efficacy of the virus alone or in combination with anti PD-1 inhibitor in human melanoma cell lines, i.e., MUG Mel-1 and MUG Mel-2, and in immunocompetent C57BL/6 melanoma B16V mouse model. We showed that both monotherapy and combination approaches exhibit enhanced anti-cancer ability and immunogenic cell death in in vitro settings. Furthermore, AdV-D24-ICOSL-CD40L combined with anti PD-1 revealed a fall in tumor volume and 100% survival in in vivo context, thus suggesting enhanced efficacy and survival via complementary anti-cancer properties of those agents in melanoma therapy. Collectively, the novel oncolytic vector AdV-D24-ICOSL-CD40L alone or in combination with anticancer drugs, such as check point inhibitors, may open novel therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of melanoma.

Advanced cell culture techniques for cancer research

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Balik ◽  
Karolina Matulewicz ◽  
Paulina Modrakowska ◽  
Jolanta Kozłowska ◽  
Xavier Montane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Animal Testing ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Cell Culture Techniques ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Strong Trend ◽  
Anti Cancer

Abstract The incessant increase number of cancer cases, motivates scientists to constantly develop and search for new therapies. Along with the dynamic development of anti-cancer drugs and therapies, we are witnessing huge progress in the world of science - the development of personalized medicine. An inseparable element is also a very strong trend in the development of new in vitro animal models for chemotherapeutic research. Cell cultures are commonly undertaken by research models before animal testing. They are the basis for the development of new diagnostic and cancer treatments. It should be emphasized that basic research is a strong foundation for any therapy introduced. This chapter provides an overview of the modern cell culture techniques that are currently developing, which allow the introduction of modern models that reflect the organs and physiological system. Currently available cell culture methods are a key aspect of studying these interactions, however, a method that eliminates the limitations of standard methods is still being sought.

scholarly journals Fertility preservation techniques: laboratory and clinical progress and current issues

Reproduction ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 667-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
R A Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Human Fertility ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Younger Men ◽  
Pubertal Boys

Human fertility is dependent on maturation of germ cells through meiosis and their association with supporting cells, which in the female are also the source of sex steroids. These processes are sensitive to both chemotherapy and radiotherapy thus can be damaged by anti-cancer treatments. The uterus is also sensitive to radiotherapy. Our understanding of and the ability to manipulate fertility has increased together with survival rates from many cancers, particularly those affecting children, younger men, and women. The growth of interest in fertility preservation for cancer patients is a natural union of these two fields. Sperm banking has been available for many years, and is a recognized and evidence-based option for men that should be available to all. Options for women and pre-pubertal boys and girls are, however, more experimental, other than for women of committing oocytes to fertilization and cryopreservation as embryos. This Focus Issue of Reproduction aims to address the current status of some of the clinical and laboratory aspects of this burgeoning subspecialty to highlight not only areas of progress but also areas of uncertainty where future developments are required to allow the provision of accurate information, and safe and effective treatments.

scholarly journals Pharmacogenomics of Impaired Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Response: Lessons Learned From Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meike Kaehler ◽  
Ingolf Cascorbi
Keyword(s):  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Fusion Gene ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Tki Resistance

The use of small molecules became one key cornerstone of targeted anti-cancer therapy. Among them, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are especially important, as they were the first molecules to proof the concept of targeted anti-cancer treatment. Since 2001, TKIs can be successfully used to treat chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). CML is a hematologic neoplasm, predominantly caused by reciprocal translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) leading to formation of the so-called BCR-ABL1 fusion gene. By binding to the BCR-ABL1 kinase and inhibition of downstream target phosphorylation, TKIs, such as imatinib or nilotinib, can be used as single agents to treat CML patients resulting in 80 % 10-year survival rates. However, treatment failure can be observed in 20-25 % of CML patients occurring either dependent or independent from the BCR-ABL1 kinase. Here, we review approved TKIs that are indicated for the treatment of CML, their side effects and limitations. We point out mechanisms of TKI resistance focusing either on BCR-ABL1-dependent mechanisms by summarizing the clinically observed BCR-ABL1-mutations and their implications on TKI binding, as well as on BCR-ABL1-independent mechanisms of resistances. For the latter, we discuss potential mechanisms, among them cytochrome P450 implications, drug efflux transporter variants and expression, microRNA deregulation, as well as the role of alternative signaling pathways. Further, we give insights on how TKI resistance could be analyzed and what could be learned from studying TKI resistance in CML in vitro.

scholarly journals Female fertility preservation: past, present and future

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. F11-F27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Fisch ◽  
Ronit Abir
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Fertility Preservation ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Anti Cancer

Anti-cancer therapy, particularly chemotherapy, damages ovarian follicles and promotes ovarian failure. The only pharmacological means for protecting the ovaries from chemotherapy-induced injury is gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist, but its efficiency remains controversial; ovarian transposition is used to shield the ovary from radiation when indicated. Until the late 1990s, the only option for fertility preservation and restoration in women with cancer was embryo cryopreservation. The development of other assisted reproductive technologies such as mature oocyte cryopreservation andin vitromaturation of oocytes has contributed to fertility preservation. Treatment regimens to obtain mature oocytes/embryos have been modified to overcome various limitations of conventional ovarian stimulation protocols. In the last decades, several centres have begun cryopreserving ovarian samples containing primordial follicles from young patients before anti-cancer therapy. The first live birth following implantation of cryopreserved-thawed ovarian tissue was reported in 2004; since then, the number has risen to more than 130. Nowadays, ovarian tissue cryopreservation can be combined within vitromaturation and vitrification of oocytes. The use of cryopreserved oocytes eliminates the risk posed by ovarian implantation of reseeding the cancer. Novel methods for enhancing follicular survival after implantation are presently being studied. In addition, researchers are currently investigating agents for ovarian protection. It is expected that the risk of reimplantation of malignant cells with ovarian grafts will be overcome with the putative development of an artificial ovary and an efficient follicle class- and species-dependentin vitrosystem for culturing primordial follicles.

Can Kampo medicine prolong the life of metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) patients with chemotherapy?

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e15120-e15120
Author(s):  
K. Sasaki ◽  
K. Oono ◽  
K. Harada ◽  
T. Someya ◽  
Y. Takada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Kampo Medicine ◽  
Tumor Characteristics ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

e15120 Background: Many in vivo and in vitro studies have shown that Kampo medicine has various biological and immunological activities, including anti-cancer effect. However, we have little data on efficacy of survival period on MCRC patients (pts) with chemotherapy and Kampo therapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the survival benefit on MCRC pts treated with Kampo medicine and chemotherapy. Methods: From 2002 to 2007, we treated 66 patients with MCRC. These patients were treated with chemotherapy (CPT-11 + S-1) and/or Kampo medicine (Jyuzen-Taiho-To, TJ-48) on out-patient basis. TJ-48 was given orally at a dose of 7.5g, three times daily. We randomly divided the MCRC pts following two treatment groups; chemotherapy plus Kampo medicine (Group A, n=33) and chemotherapy only (Group B, n=33). Results: Pts and tumor characteristics were much the same between the two groups at baseline. Pts treated with Kampo medicine in combination with chemotherapy (Group A) had a median survival of 20.5 months compared with 15 months for Group B (p=0.12). One and 2 years survival rates were 72% and 13%. No toxic death was reported. The overall 1, 2 and 3 years survival rate were 69, 24 and 12% respectively in Group A, 57, 0 and 0% in Group B. Adverse events did not increase in Group A. TJ-48 is low cost medicine ($1.8 / day). All patients were treated on an out-patient clinic. Conclusions: These results confirmed that the Kampo medicine is helpful and capable of prolonging the survival periods in pts with MCRC. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

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