scholarly journals The Expression and Function of CD300 Molecules in the Main Players of Allergic Responses: Mast Cells, Basophils and Eosinophils

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3173
Author(s):  
Joana Vitallé ◽  
Iñigo Terrén ◽  
Ane Orrantia ◽  
Agurtzane Bilbao ◽  
Pedro M. Gamboa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Pharmacological Targets ◽  
And Function ◽  
Receptor Family

Allergy is the host immune response against non-infectious substances called allergens. The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing worldwide. However, while some drugs counteract the symptomatology caused by allergic reactions, no completely effective treatments for allergic diseases have been developed yet. In this sense, the ability of surface activating and inhibitory receptors to modulate the function of the main effector cells of allergic responses makes these molecules potential pharmacological targets. The CD300 receptor family consists of members with activating and inhibitory capabilities mainly expressed on the surface of immune cells. Multiple studies in the last few years have highlighted the importance of CD300 molecules in several pathological conditions. This review summarizes the literature on CD300 receptor expression, regulation and function in mast cells, basophils and eosinophils, the main players of allergic responses. Moreover, we review the involvement of CD300 receptors in the pathogenesis of certain allergic diseases, as well as their prospective use as therapeutic targets for the treatment of IgE-dependent allergic responses.

scholarly journals Involvement of Mast Cells in the Pathophysiology of Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lijia Mai ◽  
Qing Liu ◽  
Fang Huang ◽  
Hongwen He ◽  
Wenguo Fan
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Mediators ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
The Body ◽  
Acquired Immunity ◽  
Effector Cells

Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells and are widely distributed throughout the body. MCs are not only classically viewed as effector cells of some allergic diseases but also participate in host defense, innate and acquired immunity, homeostatic responses, and immunoregulation. Mounting evidence indicates that activation of MCs releasing numerous vasoactive and inflammatory mediators has effects on the nervous system and has been involved in different pain conditions. Here, we review the latest advances made about the implication of MCs in pain. Possible cellular and molecular mechanisms regarding the crosstalk between MC and the nervous system in the initiation and maintenance of pain are also discussed.

scholarly journals Mast Cells May Regulate The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of IL-37

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theoharis C. Theoharides ◽  
Irene Tsilioni ◽  
Pio Conti
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Regulatory Cytokine ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Mast cells are unique immune cells involved in allergic reactions, but also in immunity and inflammation. Interleukin 37 (IL-37) has emerged as an important regulatory cytokine with ability to inhibit immune and inflammatory processes. IL-37 is made primarily by macrophages upon activation of toll-like receptors (TLR) leading to generation of mature IL-37 via the action of caspase 1. In this review, we advance the premise that mast cells could regulate the anti-inflammatory activity of the IL-37 via their secretion of heparin and tryptase. Extracellular IL-37 could either dimerize in the presence of heparin and lose biological activity, or be acted upon by proteases that can generate even more biologically active IL-37 forms. Molecules that could selectively inhibit the secretion of mast cell mediators may, therefore, be used together with IL-37 as novel therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Lipid Rafts in Mast Cell Biology

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Maria Mariano Silveira e Souza ◽  
Vivian Marino Mazucato ◽  
Maria Célia Jamur ◽  
Constance Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cell ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Lipid Rafts ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Mast cells have long been recognized to have a direct and critical role in allergic and inflammatory reactions. In allergic diseases, these cells exert both local and systemic responses, including allergic rhinitis and anaphylaxis. Mast cell mediators are also related to many chronic inflammatory conditions. Besides the roles in pathological conditions, the biological functions of mast cells include roles in innate immunity, involvement in host defense mechanisms against parasites, immunomodulation of the immune system, tissue repair, and angiogenesis. Despite their growing significance in physiological and pathological conditions, much still remains to be learned about mast cell biology. This paper presents evidence that lipid rafts or raft components modulate many of the biological processes in mast cells, such as degranulation and endocytosis, play a role in mast cell development and recruitment, and contribute to the overall preservation of mast cell structure and organization.

scholarly journals 671 Biological impacts of standard of care chemotherapies on immune effector cells from AML patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (Suppl 3) ◽  
pp. A699-A699
Author(s):  
Dmitry Zhigarev ◽  
Alexander MacFarlane ◽  
Christina Drenberg ◽  
Reza Nejati ◽  
Asya Varshavsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nk Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Second Line ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
Immune Effector ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Immune Effector Cells ◽  
And Function

BackgroundAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous group of malignant bone marrow diseases, characterized by massive and uncontrolled proliferation of myeloid precursor cells, which alters normal blood cell ratios. This disease is common to older adults and collectively displays one of the lowest 5-year overall survival rates (<25%) among all cancers, currently representing the deadliest form of leukemia. Improved treatments are clearly needed, and immunotherapies are attractive candidate therapies to explore.There are currently several standard chemotherapeutic treatment schemes for AML, which could be divided into two major groups: (1) cytotoxic chemotherapy (“7+3” or daunorubicin-cytarabine) and (2) hypomethylating agents (HMAs). HMAs include both 5-azacytidine and decitabine, which are cytidine analogs that inhibit DNA methyltransferase, resulting in the hypomethylation of DNA and inducing expression of silenced gene loci. Currently, HMAs are routinely delivered in combination with the Bcl-2 inhibitor venetoclax.The goals of this study are to determine how these standard first line therapies can affect the frequency and functional integrity of effector immune cells in patients' blood and establish when the phenotype and function of immune cells are restored to identify time windows when second line immunotherapies could be most effective.MethodsMore than 100 blood samples were obtained from 33 previously untreated AML patients. More than 50 measurable biomarkers were analyzed using 14-color flow cytometry to assess immune phenotypes of T and NK cells in peripheral blood of AML patients prior to treatment and at up to four timepoints after initiation of treatment with HMA or chemotherapy.ResultsWe found several significant changes in immune cell phenotype and function that occur in response to these therapies. Treatment with HMAs was strikingly less impactful on immune cells in patients compared to previously published in vitro studies. Nevertheless, HMA treatment increased perforin levels in T and NK cells, inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by CD8+ T cells, and changed expression of several checkpoint molecules. While chemotherapy caused fewer phenotypic changes it dramatically decreased the total number of immune cells. We also determined viable, functional and phenotypical recovery periods for immune effector cells after the treatments.ConclusionsOur results are important for introducing new second line immunotherapies to these chemotherapeutic regimens for treating AML and to improve overall understanding of immune cell behavior under conditions of anti-tumor treatment.AcknowledgementsSupported by grants from Janssen and the U.S./Israel Binational Science Foundation.Ethics ApprovalThe study was approved by the Fox Chase Cancer Center Institutional Review Board, approval number 17-8010, and all patients provided informed consent before taking part in the study.

scholarly journals Mast cells in collagen diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Naoya Mikita ◽  
Yutaka Inaba ◽  
Takashi Yoshimasu ◽  
Nobuo Kanazawa ◽  
Fukumi Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines

Mast cells are involved in many immune reactions and diseases through 1) the expressions of several receptors, 2) productions of various mediators such as histamine, cytokines, and chemokines, 3) direct interactions with immune cells. Besides allergic diseases, mast cells have been also assumed to be involved in autoimmune diseases such as bullous pemphigoid, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Moreover, several studies reported the involvement of mast cells in collagen disease. In this article, we review recent findings about the role of mast cells especially in systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. In these diseases, mast cells seem to be involved in local inflammation and tissue damage partially in the targeted organ rather than the development of autoimmunity including production of autoantibodies.

Species Specificity on Interaction between IgE and FcεRI

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 690-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangsheng Li ◽  
Nannan Wang ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Yanfen Zhang ◽  
Zhongcheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Interaction Mechanism ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Species Specificity ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Effector Cells

Allergic diseases are one of the most prevalent diseases at present, it is imperative to understanding the pathophysiology and treatment strategies for allergic diseases. In this process, the binding of IgE and Fc&#949;RI on effector cells plays a critical role in triggering allergic reactions. However, the species specificity of the interaction between IgE and Fc&#949;RI has not been clearly explained. This review described the characteristics and the interaction mechanism in the allergic reaction of IgE and Fc&#949;RI and summarized the species specificity between IgE and Fc&#949;RI.

scholarly journals Cytokine-Mediated Bone Destruction in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Min Jung ◽  
Kyoung Woon Kim ◽  
Chul-Woo Yang ◽  
Sung-Hwan Park ◽  
Ji Hyeon Ju
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Bone Loss ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Joint Destruction ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Pathological Conditions

Bone homeostasis, which involves formation and resorption, is an important process for maintaining adequate bone mass in humans. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation and bone loss, leading to joint destruction and deformity, and is a representative disease of disrupted bone homeostasis. The bone loss and joint destruction are mediated by immunological insults by proinflammatory cytokines and various immune cells. The connection between bone and immunity has been intensely studied and comprises the emerging field of osteoimmunology. Osteoimmunology is an interdisciplinary science investigating the interplay between the skeletal and the immune systems. The main contributors in osteoimmunology are the bone effector cells, such as osteoclasts or osteoblasts, and the immune cells, particularly lymphocytes and monocytes. Physiologically, osteoclasts originate from immune cells, and immune cells regulate osteoblasts and vice versa. Pathological conditions such as RA might affect these interactions, thereby altering bone homeostasis, resulting in the unfavorable outcome of bone destruction. In this review, we describe the osteoclastogenic roles of the proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells that are important in the pathophysiology of RA.

scholarly journals Mast cells in collagen diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Naoya Mikita ◽  
Yutaka Inaba ◽  
Takashi Yoshimasu ◽  
Nobuo Kanazawa ◽  
Fukumi Furukawa
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Mast Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Local Inflammation ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines

Mast cells are involved in many immune reactions and diseases through 1) the expressions of several receptors, 2) productions of various mediators such as histamine, cytokines, and chemokines, 3) direct interactions with immune cells. Besides allergic diseases, mast cells have been also assumed to be involved in autoimmune diseases such as bullous pemphigoid, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. Moreover, several studies reported the involvement of mast cells in collagen disease. In this article, we review recent findings about the role of mast cells especially in systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis. In these diseases, mast cells seem to be involved in local inflammation and tissue damage partially in the targeted organ rather than the development of autoimmunity including production of autoantibodies.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding basophil functions in vivo

F1000Research ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Voehringer
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Mouse ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
The Past ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Staining Techniques ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
And Function ◽  
Mouse Lines

Basophils are mainly known as pro-inflammatory effector cells associated with allergy and helminth infections. Although they were identified over 130 years ago, their in vivo functions are still poorly understood. New insights into basophil development and function have been gained by the development of various transgenic mouse lines and staining techniques to detect and purify these cells from different organs. Several studies over the past few years have identified unexpected functions for basophils, including immunomodulatory properties and interactions with other immune cells. Here, I summarize and discuss the main findings.

Fetal mast cells mediate postnatal allergic responses dependent on maternal IgE

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6519) ◽  
pp. 941-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasha Msallam ◽  
Jozef Balla ◽  
Abhay P. S. Rathore ◽  
Hassen Kared ◽  
Benoit Malleret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Allergic Disease ◽  
Immunoglobulin E ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Allergic Reactions ◽  
Neonatal Fc Receptor ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Human And Mouse ◽  
Central Effector

Mast cells (MCs) are central effector cells in allergic reactions that are often mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE). Allergies commonly start at an early age, and both MCs and IgE are detectable in fetuses. However, the origin of fetal IgE and whether fetal MCs can degranulate in response to IgE-dependent activation are presently unknown. Here, we show that human and mouse fetal MCs phenotypically mature through pregnancy and can be sensitized by maternal IgE. IgE crossed the placenta, dependent on the fetal neonatal Fc receptor (FcRN), and sensitized fetal MCs for allergen-specific degranulation. Both passive and active prenatal sensitization conferred allergen sensitivity, resulting in postnatal skin and airway inflammation after the first allergen encounter. We report a role for MCs within the developing fetus and demonstrate that fetal MCs may contribute to antigen-specific vertical transmission of allergic disease.

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