scholarly journals Effects of Independent and Combined Water-Deficit and High-Nitrogen Treatments on Flag Leaf Proteomes during Wheat Grain Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2098 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhu ◽  
Gengrui Zhu ◽  
Zhen Zhang ◽  
Zhimin Wang ◽  
Xing Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Grain Development ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Treatments

We present the first comprehensive proteome analysis of wheat flag leaves under water-deficit, high-nitrogen (N) fertilization, and combined treatments during grain development in the field. Physiological and agronomic trait analyses showed that leaf relative water content, total chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, and grain weight and yield were significantly reduced under water-deficit conditions, but dramatically enhanced under high-N fertilization and moderately promoted under the combined treatment. Two-dimensional electrophoresis detected 72 differentially accumulated protein (DAP) spots representing 65 unique proteins, primarily involved in photosynthesis, signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, redox homeostasis, stress defense, and energy metabolism. DAPs associated with photosynthesis and protein folding showed significant downregulation and upregulation in response to water-deficit and high-N treatments, respectively. The combined treatment caused a moderate upregulation of DAPs related to photosynthesis and energy and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that high-N fertilization can alleviate losses in yield caused by water-deficit conditions by enhancing leaf photosynthesis and grain storage compound synthesis.

Polystyrene microplastics disturb the redox homeostasis, carbohydrate metabolism and phytohormone regulatory network in barley

2021 ◽  
Vol 415 ◽  
pp. 125614
Author(s):  
Shuxin Li ◽  
Tianya Wang ◽  
Junhong Guo ◽  
Yuefan Dong ◽  
Zongshuai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Redox Homeostasis

Dioscorea alata Tuber Proteome Analysis Uncovers Differentially Regulated Growth Associated Pathways of Tuber Development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Sharma ◽  
Renu Deswal
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Tuber Formation ◽  
Tuber Growth ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Glutathione Cycle

Abstract During its life cycle Dioscorea tuber undergoes multiple morphological and biochemical changes. To gain a better understanding of the metabolic changes associated with the tuber growth a stage specific gel free proteome analysis of four distinct morphological stages namely germinating tuber (S1), degrading tuber (S2), new tuber formation (S3) and tuber maturation (S4) was done and validated by principal component analysis (PCA). A comprehensive data set identifying 78.2% of the total 3,681 proteins was generated. PANTHER and KEGG MAPPER revealed both expected (carbohydrate metabolism and redox regulation) and novel biological processes (transcription factors and hormonal regulation) characteristic for each developmental stage. Higher abundance of the enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle (ASC-GSH) and carbohydrate metabolism was detected during tuber germination (S1) and tuber formation stages (S3) in comparison with the mature tuber. The presence of ethylene biosynthesis components during tuber formation hints towards its probable role in the post- harvest shelf life. The data set comprehensively describes the proteome of Dioscorea tuber and provides growth specific markers for tuber germination (APx, MDHAR, invertase) and tuber formation (sucrose synthase) which were validated by enzyme activity assays and western blotting. The study provides information that may influence the direction of research for improving the productivity of this under-utilized neglected crop.

scholarly journals Soil drying and rewatering applied at three grain developmental stages affect differentially growth and grain protein deposition in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Beltrano ◽  
Marta Guillermina Ronco ◽  
María Cecilia Arango
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Ripe Stage

Water deficits cause large yield losses in wheat. Although anthesis is generally considered the most vulnerable period, water deficit during grain filling can also cause yield losses. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of water stress and rewatering, at three different grain developmental stages, on physiological and grain filling parameters and on yield components. Wheat plants were subjected to water deficit and rewatering at the watery ripe, milk and soft dough stages. In the flag leaf, water stress decreased the relative water content, the chlorophyll and protein content and increased the leakage of solutes, at all three studied grain filling stages. Water stress at the watery ripe and milk stages reduced the final grain dry mass by 47 % and 20 %, respectively. This reduction was due to a decrease in the grain filling period and to a significant reduction in the maximum rate of grain-fill. Water stress imposed at the watery ripe stage reduced not only the linear growth phase but also its slope; grain number per spike and the 1000-kernel weight were also significantly reduced. SDS-PAGE patterns of grain proteins at the watery ripe stage did not differ between the controls, stressed or rewatered treatments. Protein patterns at the milk stage changed substantially with water stress, mainly for the high molecular weight glutenin subunits and gliadins. Three new bands were observed with apparent molecular weights of 108.5 kDa, 84.8 kDa and 63 kDa. Rewatering reverted water stress effects when it was imposed at the milk stage. Water deficit at the soft dough stage did not have any effect on protein grain patterns.

Combined effects of soil-applied and foliar-applied nitrogen on the nitrogen composition and distribution in water stressed "Vitis vinifera L." cv Sauvignon blanc grapes

OENO One ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
Rana Jreij ◽  
Mary T. Kelly ◽  
Alain Deloire ◽  
Emmanuel Brenon ◽  
Alain Blaise
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Total N ◽  
Foliar Fertilization ◽  
Sauvignon Blanc ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aims</strong>: The aim of this work is to test the effects of soil-applied nitrogen (N) at budbreak and subsequent foliar-applied N at veraison on the N composition and partitioning in berries of water stressed Vitis vinifera L. cv. Sauvignon blanc vines.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: N fertilizer was applied to the soil at budbreak at doses of 30 or 60 kg N/ha, while the control did not receive any treatment. This did not increase N content of leaves and the vines showed symptoms of N deficiency from the beginning of the season. In order to overcome this deficiency, N foliar sprayings were applied at veraison at doses of 2.5 or 5 kg N/ha to vines having received 30 or 60 kg N/ha of soil-applied N, respectively. Total N of berry flesh responded to N foliar fertilization more than that any other berry part, whereas amino acids in skins were the more affected by N foliar fertilization than those of other berry parts. Only the 60 soil/5 foliar N treatment produced a measurable increase in the total, assimilable and amino N in berry juices at maturity. Assimilable N was a better indicator for N summer uptake by the vine than total N. Of all amino acids, arginine showed the highest increases following N fertilization and could be considered among the better indicators to distinguish between N summer fertilization treatments.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: In conditions of severe water deficit and N deficiency, fertilization at a dose of 60 kg/ha soil-applied N combined with 5 kg/ha foliar-applied N improved fruit fermentability. Results support the use of foliar fertilization at veraison as a tool for enhancing grape quality and to a certain extent the style of wine.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: This work helps to provide insight into the effect of N soil fertilization along with foliar fertilization on waterstressed vines. This may be useful in fertilization programs in the Mediterranean area and may help to choose the type and the rate of the N fertilization in case of severe vine water deficit. Also, we provide information of utmost importance on the distribution of summer foliarapplied N in grape tissues.</p>

Effect of endophytic fungus Piriformospora indica on yield and some physiological traits of millet (Panicum miliaceum) under water stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
pp. 594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goudarz Ahmadvand ◽  
Somayeh Hajinia
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Piriformospora Indica ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Panicum Miliaceum ◽  
Severe Water Stress

Piriformospora indica is one of the cultivable root-colonising endophytic fungi of the order Sebacinales, which efficiently promote plant growth, uptake of nutrients, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of P. indica on millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) under water-stress conditions. Two field experiments were carried out in a factorial arrangement at Bu-Ali Sina University of Hamedan, Iran, during 2014 and 2015. The first factor was three levels of water-deficit stress, with irrigation after 60 mm (well-watered), 90 mm (mild stress) and 120 mm (severe stress) evaporation from pan class A. The second factor was two levels of fungus P. indica: inoculated and uninoculated. Results showed that water-deficit stress significantly decreased grain yield and yield components. Colonisation by P. indica significantly increased number of panicles per plant, number of grains per panicle and 1000-grain weight, regardless of water supply. Inoculation with P. indica increased grain yield by 11.4% (year 1) and 19.72% (year 2) in well-watered conditions and by 35.34% (year 1) and 32.59% (year 2) under drought stress, compared with uninoculated plants. Maximum flag-leaf area (21.71 cm2) was achieved with well-watered conditions. Severe water stress decreased flag-leaf area by 53.36%. Flag-leaf area was increased by 18.64% by fungus inoculation compared with the uninoculated control. Under drought conditions, inoculation with P. indica increased plant height by 27.07% and panicle length by 9.61%. Severe water stress caused a significant decrease in grain phosphorus concentration, by 42.42%, compared with the well-watered treatment. By contrast, grain nitrogen and protein contents were increased about 30.23% and 30.18%, respectively, with severe water stress. Inoculation with P. indica increased grain phosphorus by 24.22%, nitrogen by 7.47% and protein content by 7.54% compared with control. Water stress reduced leaf chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, whereas P. indica inoculation enhanced chlorophyll concentrations by 27.18% under severe water stress. The results indicated the positive effect of P. indica on yield and physiological traits of millet in both well-watered and water-stressed conditions.

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