scholarly journals LreEF1A4, a Translation Elongation Factor from Lilium regale, Is Pivotal for Cucumber Mosaic Virus and Tobacco Rattle Virus Infections and Tolerance to Salt and Drought

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 2083
Author(s):  
Daoyang Sun ◽  
Xiaotong Ji ◽  
Yong Jia ◽  
Dan Huo ◽  
Shiying Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Subtractive Hybridization ◽  
Flower Senescence ◽  
Translation Elongation ◽  
Lilium Regale

Eukaryotic translation elongation factors are implicated in protein synthesis across different living organisms, but their biological functions in the pathogenesis of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) and tobacco rattle virus (TRV) infections are poorly understood. Here, we isolated and characterized a cDNA clone, LreEF1A4, encoding the alpha subunit of elongation factor 1, from a CMV-elicited suppression subtractive hybridization library of Lilium regale. The infection tests using CMV remarkably increased transcript abundance of LreEF1A4; however, it also led to inconsistent expression profiles of three other LreEF1A homologs (LreEF1A1–3). Protein modelling analysis revealed that the amino acid substitutions among four LreEF1As may not affect their enzymatic functions. LreEF1A4 was ectopically overexpressed in petunia (Petunia hybrida), and transgenic plants exhibited delayed leaf and flower senescence, concomitant with increased transcription of photosynthesis-related genes and reduced expression of senescence-associated genes, respectively. A compromised resistance to CMV and TRV infections was found in transgenic petunia plants overexpressing LreEF1A4, whereas its overexpression resulted in an enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses. Taken together, our data demonstrate that LreEF1A4 functions as a positive regulator in viral multiplication and plant adaption to high salinity and dehydration.

scholarly journals First Report of Tobacco rattle virus and Cucumber mosaic virus in Phlox paniculata in France

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cardin ◽  
J. P. Onesto ◽  
I. Bornard ◽  
B. Moury
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Mild Mosaic ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chenopodium Amaranticolor ◽  
Phlox Paniculata ◽  
Local Lesions ◽  
Das Elisa

Phlox paniculata L., a perennial plant from the family Polemoniaceae, is cultivated as an ornamental in gardens and for cut-flower production. In spring 2003, two types of symptoms were observed in P. paniculata plants grown for cut flowers on a farm in the Var department, France. Some plants showed a mild leaf mosaic while others showed leaf browning and delayed growth. In plants showing mild mosaic, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was detected on the basis of the symptoms exhibited by a range of inoculated plants, the observation of isometric particles (approximately 30 nm) with the electron microscope in crude sap preparations from the infected plants, and the positive reaction in double-antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISA to polyclonal antibodies raised against CMV (1). In double-immunodiffusion analysis, the five tested isolates were shown to belong to group II of CMV strains. To determine if CMV was responsible for the symptoms observed, one isolate was multiplied in Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc plants after isolation from local lesions on Vigna unguiculata and mechanically inoculated to 12 1-year-old P. paniculata plants. At 3 months post inoculation (mpi), all plants showed mild mosaic and CMV was detected by DAS-ELISA. In sap preparations from P. paniculata plants showing leaf browning symptoms, rod-shaped particles with two distinct sizes of 190 to 210 and 70 to 90 nm long, typical of those associated with tobraviruses, were revealed using electron microscopy. Local lesions typical of Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) were observed after inoculation of N. tabacum cv. Xanthi-nc, Chenopodium amaranticolor, and C. quinoa. Total nucleic acid preparations were prepared from symptomatic plants, and amplicons of the expected size (463 bp) were generated by reverse-transcription (RT)-PCR using primers specific to TRV RNA 1 (4). The nucleotide sequence of one amplicon was 93.6% identical to the sequence of a reference TRV isolate (GenBank Accession No. AJ586803). Twelve 1-year-old P. paniculata plants were mechanically inoculated with an extract of infected tissues from one symptomatic P. paniculata plant. TRV was detected 2 to 6 mpi in apical leaves of all inoculated plants by RT-PCR, although the plants did not express symptoms. Since no other pathogens were detected in the source plants, it is plausible that the lack of symptoms in back-inoculated plants is either due to a long incubation period or an interaction with particular environmental factors such as cold conditions. The survey of approximately 200 plants revealed that approximately 7, 10, and 1% were infected by TRV, CMV, or by both viruses, respectively. CMV and TRV were previously detected in P. paniculata in Latvian SSR and in Lithuania (2,3). These results show that sanitary selection of P. paniculata prior to vegetative propagation should include a screening for TRV and CMV infections. References: (1) J.-C. Devergne et al. Ann. Phytopathol. 10:233, 1978. (2) Y. Ignab and A. Putnaergle. Tr. Latv. S.-Kh. Akad. 118:27, 1977. (3) M. Navalinskiene and M. Samuitiene. Biologija 1:52, 1996. (4) D. J. Robinson. J. Virol. Methods 40:57, 1992.

scholarly journals First Report of Cucumber mosaic virus in Paeonia lactifera in France

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 790-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Cardin ◽  
J. P. Onesto ◽  
B. Moury
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Meristem Culture ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
First Report ◽  
The Family ◽  
Das Elisa

Chinese peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.), a hardy ornamental plant of the family Paeoniaceae cultivated in gardens and for cut flower production, is frequently infected by Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in the field. The virus usually induces severe mosaic and chlorotic ringspot symptoms in the leaves, decreasing the commercial value of cut flowers. TRV is routinely detected by mechanical inoculation onto Nicotiana tabacum cv Xanthi, where it induces typical necrotic local ringspots in 3 to 7 days, followed by a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR test (2). In 2004, Xanthi test plants inoculated with sap extracts from 4 of 36 P. lactiflora cv. Odile plants grown in a field plot in the region of Hyères (southeast France) showed systemic mosaic symptoms in addition to the TRV-typical response. In each case, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) was detected by the reactions of a range of inoculated plants (1), the observation of 30 nm isometric particles in crude leaf extracts with the electron microscope, and by positive reactions in double antibody sandwich (DAS)-ELISAs with specific polyclonal antibodies. In double-immunodiffusion analysis, these isolates were shown to belong to the group II of CMV isolates (3). ELISA of the peony plants confirmed the presence of CMV and revealed two additional infected plants in the spring of 2006. Following isolation from local lesions on Vigna unguiculata and multiplication in Xanthi tobacco plants, one of the isolates was used to inoculate manually or with Myzus persicae aphids 10 CMV-free plants of P. lactiflora cv. Odile obtained from meristem culture. Three months postinoculation, only three of the aphid-inoculated plants were CMV positive by DAS-ELISA. No change was observed at 1 year postinoculation and no symptoms have been observed, even in CMV-infected plants. CMV appears to be latent in P. lactiflora, therefore detection of CMV before vegetative propagation of the plants is advised because of the risks of synergism for symptoms with other viruses such as TRV. To our knowledge this is the first report of CMV in peony. References: (1) L. Cardin et al. Plant Dis. 87:1263, 2003. (2) D. J. Robinson J. Virol. Methods 40:55, 1992. (3) M. J. Roossinck. J. Virol. 76:3382, 2002.

scholarly journals Survey of virus pathogens in gladiolus, iris and tulips in the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ganesh Selvaraj Duraisamy ◽  
Radovan Pokorný
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Yellow Spot ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Spot Virus ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Aerial Parts

The occurrence of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) Tobacco rattle virus (TRV) in gladiolus, iris, tulip and Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) in iris was investigated by examining the plants by the means of serological techniques (ELISA). ELISA was applied to determine the presence of BYMV, CMV, TRV infections in both aerial and underground parts of gladiolus, iris, and tulip, and IYSV on the aerial parts of iris, respectively. 262 gladiolus plants were tested. 63.7% was infected by BYMV, 29.4 % by CMV, and 2.7 % by TRV. Out of 180 plants of iris, 1.1% was infected by BYMV, 6.7% by CMV, 2.8% by TRV, and 0% by IYSV. Out of 28 plants of tulip, 28.6% was infected by CMV, and 7.1% by TRV. ELISA proved to be a suitable method for detection of viruses in leaves of these ornamental plants, but it often failed to detect viruses in flowers and corms. A high transmission of BYMV by gladiolus cormlets was also found.

scholarly journals A Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) RNA 1 Transgene Mediates Suppression of the Homologous Viral RNA 1 Constitutively and Prevents CMV Entry into the Phloem

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (19) ◽  
pp. 9114-9120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Canto ◽  
Peter Palukaitis
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Viral Rna ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Steady State Levels ◽  
Rna Accumulation

ABSTRACT Resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) in tobacco lines transformed with CMV RNA 1 is characterized by reduced virus accumulation in the inoculated leaf, with specific suppression of accumulation of the homologous viral RNA 1, and by the absence of systemic infection. We show that the suppression of viral RNA 1 occurs in protoplasts from resistant transgenic plants and therefore is not due to a host response activated by the cell-to-cell spread of virus. In contrast, suppression of Tobacco rattle virus vectors carrying CMV RNA 1 sequences did not occur in protoplasts from resistant plants. Furthermore, steady-state levels of transgene mRNA 1 were higher in resistant than in susceptible lines. Thus, the data indicate that sequence homology is not sufficient to induce suppression. Grafting experiments using transgenic resistant or susceptible rootstocks and scions demonstrated that the resistance mechanism exhibited an additional barrier to phloem entry, preventing CMV from moving a long distance in resistant plants. On the other hand, virus from susceptible rootstocks could systemically infect grafted resistant scions via the phloem. Analysis of viral RNA accumulation in the infected scions showed that the mechanism that suppresses the accumulation of viral RNA 1 at the single-cell level was overcome. The data indicate that this transgene-mediated systemic resistance probably is not based on a posttranscriptional gene-silencing mechanism.

scholarly journals Viruses infecting gladiolus (Gladiolus hybridus) and their harmful effect on agricultural crops

2020 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
R. Sovinska ◽  
L. Mishchenko ◽  
A. Dunich
Keyword(s):  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Systemic Reaction ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Domestic Literature ◽  
Wide Range

Goal. Analyze the data of foreign and domestic literature on viruses that infect gladioli, risks for domestic agriculture, present the results of the study of viral diseases on gladioli in Ukraine. Methods. Review of information in foreign and domestic literature on viruses that infect gladioli. Visual diagnostics, transmission electron microscopy, double sandwich enzyme immunoassay (DAS-ELISA). Results. Gladioli infect viruses: cucumber mosaic virus, bean yellow mosaic virus, tobacco rattle virus, tobacco ringspot virus, which belongs to regulated pests in Ukraine. These pathogens are common on all continents where plants are grown, have a wide range of host plants and pose a potential threat to crops. In the case of a systemic reaction of a plant to a viral infection, the symptoms lead to a loss of aesthetic value by the plant, economic losses in the floriculture industry, degeneration of varieties in the collections of botanical gardens and private farms, problems in further selective selection for creating new varieties. Possible means of protection and prevention of the spread of viruses to other types of cultivated plants are considered. Conclusions. Gladiolus plants can infect 9 types of viruses, among which the most common and harmful are cucumber mosaic, yellow bean mosaic and tobacco pogrimovka viruses. A yellow bean mosaic virus and a cucumber mosaic virus have been identified in Ukraine. It is especially dangerous that these viral infections can be asymptomatic and gladioli become reservoirs for the preservation and transmission of viruses to other plant crops sensitive to pathogens.

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