scholarly journals The Hypoxic Proteome and Metabolome of Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with and without Phytoglobin Priming

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga A. Andrzejczak ◽  
Jesper F. Havelund ◽  
Wei-Qing Wang ◽  
Sergey Kovalchuk ◽  
Christina E. Hagensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Ion Transporters ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Golden Promise ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Plant Hemoglobins ◽  
Hypoxia Treatment

Overexpression of phytoglobins (formerly plant hemoglobins) increases the survival rate of plant tissues under hypoxia stress by the following two known mechanisms: (1) scavenging of nitric oxide (NO) in the phytoglobin/NO cycle and (2) mimicking ethylene priming to hypoxia when NO scavenging activates transcription factors that are regulated by levels of NO and O2 in the N-end rule pathway. To map the cellular and metabolic effects of hypoxia in barley (Hordeum vulgare L., cv. Golden Promise), with or without priming to hypoxia, we studied the proteome and metabolome of wild type (WT) and hemoglobin overexpressing (HO) plants in normoxia and after 24 h hypoxia (WT24, HO24). The WT plants were more susceptible to hypoxia than HO plants. The chlorophyll a + b content was lowered by 50% and biomass by 30% in WT24 compared to WT, while HO plants were unaffected. We observed an increase in ROS production during hypoxia treatment in WT seedlings that was not observed in HO seedlings. We identified and quantified 9694 proteins out of which 1107 changed significantly in abundance. Many proteins, such as ion transporters, Ca2+-signal transduction, and proteins related to protein degradation were downregulated in HO plants during hypoxia, but not in WT plants. Changes in the levels of histones indicates that chromatin restructuring plays a role in the priming of hypoxia. We also identified and quantified 1470 metabolites, of which the abundance of >500 changed significantly. In summary the data confirm known mechanisms of hypoxia priming by ethylene priming and N-end rule activation; however, the data also indicate the existence of other mechanisms for hypoxia priming in plants.

scholarly journals Transcriptional and Metabolic Changes Associated with Phytoglobin Expression during Germination of Barley Seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2796
Author(s):  
Somaieh Zafari ◽  
Kim H. Hebelstrup ◽  
Abir U. Igamberdiev
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
No Emission ◽  
Golden Promise ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Radicle Protrusion

To understand how the class 1 phytoglobin is involved in germination process via the modulation of the nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, we performed the analysis of physiological and molecular parameters in the embryos of transgenic barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv Golden Promise) plants differing in expression levels of the phytoglobin (Pgb1) gene during the first 48 h of germination. Overexpression of Pgb1 resulted in a higher rate of germination, higher protein content and higher ATP/ADP ratios. This was accompanied by a lower rate of NO emission after radicle protrusion, as compared to the wild type and downregulating line, and a lower rate of S-nitrosylation of proteins in the first hours postimbibition. The rate of fermentation estimated by the expression and activity of alcohol dehydrogenase was significantly higher in the Pgb1 downregulating line, the same tendency was observed for nitrate reductase expression. The genes encoding succinate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex subunits were more actively expressed in embryos of the seeds overexpressing Pgb1. It is concluded that Pgb1 expression in embryo is essential for the maintenance of redox and energy balance before radicle protrusion, when seeds experience low internal oxygen concentration and exerts the effect on metabolism during the initial development of seedlings.

scholarly journals Analysis of proanthocyanidins in wild-type and mutant barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbro Jende-Strid ◽  
Birger Lindberg Møller
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

scholarly journals Occurrence of brassinosteroids and influence of 24-epibrassinolide with brassinazole on their content in the leaves and roots of Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Golden Promise

Planta ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 249 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bajguz ◽  
Wacław Orczyk ◽  
Agnieszka Gołębiewska ◽  
Magdalena Chmur ◽  
Alicja Piotrowska-Niczyporuk
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Golden Promise ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Leaves And Roots

scholarly journals Chlorophyll-proteins of thylakoids from wild-type and mutants of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Machold ◽  
David J. Simpson ◽  
Birger Lindberg Møller
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L

Identification of the Xan-g Gene and Expression of the Mg-chelatase Encoding Genes Xan-f, -g and -h in Mutant and Wild Type Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.)

Hereditas ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bent L. Petersen ◽  
Marianne G. Møller ◽  
Poul Erik Jensen ◽  
Knud W. Henningsen
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Mg Chelatase

scholarly journals Heterologous expression and characterization of wild-type and mutant forms of a 26 kDa endochitinase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

1997 ◽  
Vol 322 (3) ◽  
pp. 815-822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette D. ANDERSEN ◽  
Arne JENSEN ◽  
Jon D. ROBERTUS ◽  
Robert LEAH ◽  
Karen SKRIVER
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Recombinant Protein ◽  
Heterologous Expression ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Expression System ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Sequence Alignments ◽  
Natural Form

To investigate structure–function relationships in plant chitinases, we have developed a heterologous expression system for the 26 kDa endochitinase from Hordeum vulgare L. (barley). Escherichia coli cells harbouring the gene in a T7 RNA polymerase-based expression vector synthesized completely insoluble recombinant protein under standard induction conditions at 37 °C. However, a concentration of soluble recombinant protein of approx. 15 mg/l was achieved by inducing bacteria at low temperature (15 °C). Recombinant endochitinase was purified to homogeneity and shown to be structurally and functionally identical to the seed protein. An average of three disulphide bonds are present in the recombinant enzyme, consistent with the number found in the natural form. The seed and recombinant proteins showed the same specific activity towards a high-molecular-mass substrate and exhibited similar anti-fungal activity towards Tricoderma reesei. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace residues that are likely to be involved in the catalytic event, based on structural similarities with lysozyme and on sequence alignments with related chitinases. The Glu67 → Gln mutation resulted in a protein with undetectable activity, while the Glu89 → Gln mutation yielded an enzyme with 0.25% of wild-type specific activity. This suggests that two acidic residues are essential for catalytic activity, similar to the situation with many other glycosyl hydrolases. Examination of conserved residues stretching into the proposed substrate binding cleft suggests that Asn124 also plays an important functional role.

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