scholarly journals Microbial Degradation of Plastic in Aqueous Solutions Demonstrated by CO2 Evolution and Quantification

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth-Sarah Rose ◽  
Katherine H. Richardson ◽  
Elmeri Johannes Latvanen ◽  
China A. Hanson ◽  
Marina Resmini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Bacterial Respiration ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Co2 Evolution ◽  
Rhodococcus Rhodochrous ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Novel Method

The environmental accumulation of plastics worldwide is a consequence of the durability of the material. Alternative polymers, marketed as biodegradable, present a potential solution to mitigate their ecological damage. However, understanding of biodegradability has been hindered by a lack of reproducible testing methods. We developed a novel method to evaluate the biodegradability of plastic samples based on the monitoring of bacterial respiration in aqueous media via the quantification of CO2 produced, where the only carbon source available is from the polymer. Rhodococcus rhodochrous and Alcanivorax borkumensis were used as model organisms for soil and marine systems, respectively. Our results demonstrate that this approach is reproducible and can be used with a variety of plastics, allowing comparison of the relative biodegradability of the different materials. In the case of low-density polyethylene, the study demonstrated a clear correlation between the molecular weight of the sample and CO2 released, taken as a measure of biodegradability.

scholarly journals Microbial degradation of plastic in aqueous solutions demonstrated by CO2 evolution and quantification

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth-Sarah Rose ◽  
Katherine H. Richardson ◽  
Elmeri Johannes Latvanen ◽  
China A. Hanson ◽  
Marina Resmini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Bacterial Respiration ◽  
Rhodococcus Rhodochrous ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Polymer Molecular Weight ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Marine Systems ◽  
Single Carbon Source

AbstractThe environmental accumulation of plastics worldwide is a consequence of the durability of the material. Alternative polymers, marketed as biodegradable, present a potential solution to mitigate their ecological damage. However, understanding of biodegradability has been hindered by a lack of reproducible testing methods. Here, we present a new approach to assess biodegradability by monitoring bacterial respiration, in an aqueous media supplemented with a polymer as a single carbon source. Rhodococcus rhodochrous and Alcanivorax borkumensis are good model organisms for soil and marine systems respectively, allowing simulations of plastic biodegradation in these key environments. We demonstrate that polymer molecular weight reduction is the critical factor in the biodegradability of low-density polyethylene. Additionally, we tested a wide variety of plastics, including environmentally weathered and laboratory aged samples, using the same method allowing direct comparisons of the relative biodegradability of various polymers.

scholarly journals Using viromes to predict novel immune proteins in non-model organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1837) ◽  
pp. 20161200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven D. Quistad ◽  
Yan Wei Lim ◽  
Genivaldo Gueiros Z. Silva ◽  
Craig E. Nelson ◽  
Andreas F. Haas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Model Organism ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Viral Communities ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Alternative Approaches

Immunity is mostly studied in a few model organisms, leaving the majority of immune systems on the planet unexplored. To characterize the immune systems of non-model organisms alternative approaches are required. Viruses manipulate host cell biology through the expression of proteins that modulate the immune response. We hypothesized that metagenomic sequencing of viral communities would be useful to identify both known and unknown host immune proteins. To test this hypothesis, a mock human virome was generated and compared to the human proteome using tBLASTn, resulting in 36 proteins known to be involved in immunity. This same pipeline was then applied to reef-building coral, a non-model organism that currently lacks traditional molecular tools like transgenic animals, gene-editing capabilities, and in vitro cell cultures. Viromes isolated from corals and compared with the predicted coral proteome resulted in 2503 coral proteins, including many proteins involved with pathogen sensing and apoptosis. There were also 159 coral proteins predicted to be involved with coral immunity but currently lacking any functional annotation. The pipeline described here provides a novel method to rapidly predict host immune components that can be applied to virtually any system with the potential to discover novel immune proteins.

scholarly journals Microbial degradation of polyethylene (PE)

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Kumari ◽  
R. C. Aanad ◽  
Neeru Narula
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Co2 Evolution ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Soil Burial ◽  
Compost Treatment

Thirty two bacterial isolates were obtained from soil by soil burial method followed by enrichment culture technique in film culturing (FC) media. Bacterial isolates differing in morphology were selected, purified and maintained at 4°C. Thirty % of these isolates were found to be Gram negative and 50% showed positive starch hydrolysis test and were screened for their ability to degrade Low Density Polyethylene (untreated, UV and heat strips) in film culturing media and percent weight loss of polyethylene after 4th week was determined. Among various isolates, highest degradation was by Is 3, Is 22 and Is 31 to the range of 25–27%, of UV treated polyethylene strips. High temperature (40°C), was found to enhance degradation rate of polyethylene more effectively by 24–28% compared to low temperature at 30°C (18–21%). Degradation of treated polyethylene strips (UV, heat steam) was up to 4% by compost treatment as studied by using CO2 evolution, an estimation tool to analyze % degradation. Bacterial activity was also affected by various environmental factors like sunlight, temperature, oxygen etc.

scholarly journals Isolation, characterization and optimization of bacterial isolate SARR1 for biodegradation of pretreated low density polyethylene

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 561-570
Author(s):  
Ritu Rani ◽  
Jitender ◽  
Nater Pal Singh ◽  
Anita Rani Santal
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Co2 Evolution ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Degrading Bacteria ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Loss Method ◽  
Math Test

Accumulation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) has caused a threat to the environment because of its stable and inert nature as it cannot be degraded easily by microorganisms. Its lightweight, low cost, strength, durability, and its various other applications, have led to the wide usage of the polymer, which is exerting a negative effect on both marine and land biota. The development of an eco-friendly or a promising strategy is needed to reduce LDPE waste from both land and water. In the present study, observations have been made to isolate highly efficient LDPE degrading bacteria. The response surface methodology (RSM) was used to predict the best optimization of media for the degradation of LDPE by isolate SARR1. The isolate SARR1 was selected through primary screening by weight loss method and secondary screening using CO2 evolution test, TTC and MATH Test. The isolate SARR1 showed 6.30 ± 0.25 g/L CO2 evolution. The microbial adhesion hydrophobicity (MATH) was observed during log phase (100 to 56.89 ± 0.97 %) and stationary phase (100 to 82.92 ± 1.24 %). An isolate SARR1 converted the TTC into red coloured insoluble triphenyl formazan (TPF) after incubation of 7 days. The isolated bacteria SARR1 showed 38.3 ± 1.27 % biodegradation efficiency in the pretreated LDPE strips at 37 °C and pH 7.0 under optimized conditions within 30 days of incubation. This bioremediation and biodegradation approach is eco-friendly and safe for the environment. The results of treatment with isolate SARR1 had a potential hope to degrade LDPE at higher rate than natural degradation.  

A novel method for the synthesis of vicinal disulfonamides promoted by metallic samarium in aqueous media

2002 ◽  
Vol 43 (38) ◽  
pp. 6787-6789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Liu ◽  
Yunkui Liu ◽  
Yongmin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Novel Method

Synthesis of 4-aryl-7-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrano[3,4-e][1,3]oxazine-2,5-dione in Aqueous Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 727-728 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allahbakhsh Abdollahi–Irandegan ◽  
Alireza Hassanabadi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Present Method ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Aromatic Aldehydes ◽  
Ring Formation ◽  
Green Process ◽  
Toluene Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Oxazine Ring ◽  
Novel Method

A novel method for oxazine ring formation is established using the reaction of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one and aromatic aldehydes with methyl carbamate in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) in aqueous media to afford 4-aryl-7-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrano[3,4-e][1,3]oxazine-2,5-dione in excellent yields. The present method does not involve any hazardous organic solvents and could therefore be considered a green process.

A Novel Method for Determining the Solubility of Small Molecules in Aqueous Media and Polymer Solvent Systems Using Solution Calorimetry

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1735-1743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hala M. Fadda ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Aktham Aburub ◽  
Dinesh Mishra ◽  
Rodolfo Pinal
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Solution Calorimetry ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Polymer Solvent

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Low Density Polyethylene in Aqueous Media

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 709-713 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Veethahavya ◽  
B.S. Rajath ◽  
Sabike Noobia ◽  
B. Manoj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Low Density
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