scholarly journals The Intravitreal Injection of Lanosterol Nanoparticles Rescues Lens Structure Collapse at an Early Stage in Shumiya Cataract Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki Nagai ◽  
Yuya Fukuoka ◽  
Kanta Sato ◽  
Hiroko Otake ◽  
Atsushi Taga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Repeated Injection ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Structural Collapse ◽  
Calpain Activity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Bead Mill ◽  
Structure Collapse

We designed an intravitreal injection formulation containing lanosterol nanoparticles (LAN-NPs) via the bead mill method and evaluated the therapeutic effect of LAN-NPs on lens structure collapse and opacification using two rat cataract models (SCR-N, rats with slight lens structure collapse; SCR-C, rats with the combination of a remarkable lens structure collapse and opacification). The particle size of lanosterol in the LAN-NPs was around 50–400 nm. A single injection of LAN-NPs (0.5%) supplied lanosterol into the lens for 48 h, and no irritation or muddiness was observed following repeated injections of LAN-NPs for 6 weeks (once every 2 days). Moreover, LAN-NPs repaired the slight collapse of the lens structure in SCR-N. Although the remarkable changes in the lens structure of SCR-C were not repaired by LAN-NP, the onset of opacification was delayed. In addition, the increase of cataract-related factors (Ca2+ contents, nitric oxide levels, lipid peroxidation and calpain activity levels) in the lenses of SCR-C was attenuated by the repeated injection of LAN-NPs. It is possible that a deficiency of lanosterol promotes the production of oxidative stress. In conclusion, it is difficult to improve serious structural collapse with posterior movement of the lens nucleus with a supplement of lanosterol via LAN-NPs. However, the intravitreal injection of LAN-NPs was found to repair the space and structural collapse in the early stages in the lenses.

scholarly journals Ophthalmic In Situ Gelling System Containing Lanosterol Nanoparticles Delays Collapse of Lens Structure in Shumiya Cataract Rats

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki Nagai ◽  
Kazuki Umachi ◽  
Hiroko Otake ◽  
Mikako Oka ◽  
Noriko Hiramatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Calpain Activity ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
In Situ Gel ◽  
Bead Milling ◽  
Structure Collapse ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
In Situ Gelling ◽  
Gel Formulations

We attempted to prepare ophthalmic in situ gel formulations containing lanosterol (Lan) nanoparticles (LA-NPs/ISG) and investigated the characteristics, delivery pathway into the lens, and anti-cataract effects of LA-NPs/ISG using SCR-N (rats with slight lens structure collapse) and SCR-C (rats with a combination of remarkable lens structure collapse and opacification). LA-NPs/ISG was prepared by bead milling of the dispersions containing 0.5% Lan powder, 5% 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, 0.5% methylcellulose, 0.005% benzalkonium chloride, and 0.5% mannitol. The particle size distribution of Lan was 60–250 nm. The LA-NPs/ISG was gelled at 37 °C, and the LA-NPs/ISG was taken into the cornea by energy-dependent endocytosis and then released to the intraocular side. In addition, the Lan contents in the lenses of both SCR-N and SCR-C were increased by the repetitive instillation of LA-NPs/ISG (twice per day). The space and structure collapse in the lens of SCR-N with aging was attenuated by the instillation of LA-NPs/ISG. Moreover, the repetitive instillation of LA-NPs/ISG attenuated the changes in cataract-related factors (the enhancement of nitric oxide levels, calpain activity, lipid peroxidation levels, Ca2+ contents, and the decrease of Ca2+-ATPase activity) in the lenses of SCR-C, and the repetitive instillation of LA-NPs/ISG delayed the onset of opacification in the SCR-C. It is possible that the LA-NPs/ISG is useful in maintaining lens homeostasis.

scholarly journals Female Breast Cancer in Suriname: Pathways to Treatment—A Patient’s Perception

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 49-49
Author(s):  
Euridice R. Irving ◽  
Dennis R. A. Mans ◽  
Els Th. M. Dams ◽  
Maureen Y. Lichtveld
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Entire Interval ◽  
Early Stage Disease ◽  
Resource Setting ◽  
Stage Disease

PURPOSE Delays across the entire cancer care continuum are not uncommon. This cross-sectional study explored the health care trajectories of Surinamese women with breast cancer and identified predictors of timely diagnosis and treatment initiation. METHODS One hundred women age 30 years or older who were newly diagnosed with breast cancer in 2017 to 2018 were recruited from all 4 hospitals in Paramaribo. Data on their demographics, lifestyle, reproductive and medical history, health status, and family history of breast cancer and other malignancies were collected using a validated semistructured questionnaire. Using Anderson’s Model of Pathways to Treatment, we defined a patient interval (from detection to first consultation), diagnostic interval (from consultation to histopathologic diagnosis), and treatment interval (from diagnosis to first treatment). Log-transformed data were analyzed using linear regression, and variables with P ≤ .05 were considered statistically significant predictors of intervals. RESULTS All participants had health insurance and access to health care. Eighty-five percent of patients presented with early-stage disease. Ninety percent of patients had self-detected their disease, with 70% finding a lump. Average age was 55.6 years (± 11.8 years). Median durations of patient, diagnostic, and treatment intervals were 13 days (interquartile, range, 4-63 days), 40 days (IQR, 21-57 days), and 18 days (IQR, 8-38 days), respectively. Median duration of the entire interval was 95 days (IQR, 59-272 days). Patient-related factors associated with the intervals were religion (β = −530; P = .003), being employed (β = 149.4; P = .007), and age 50 years and older (β = −195.8; P = .037). Disease-related factors were lump as first symptom (β = −175.6; P = .038) and late-stage disease at diagnosis (β = 213.5; P = .004). CONCLUSION Given the limited-resource setting, delays in Suriname’s health care can be minimized by programs aimed at increasing breast cancer awareness and education; however, delays may have been underestimated as a result of the over-representation of early-stage disease and recall bias regarding the first symptom detected.

Quality of life in breast cancer sufferers

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 721-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Essmat Shouman ◽  
Nahla Fawzy Abou El Ezz ◽  
Nivine Gado ◽  
Amal Mahmoud Ibrahim Goda
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Functional Domain ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to measure health-related quality of life (QOL) among patients with early stage cancer breast under curative treatment at department of oncology and nuclear medicine at Ain Shams University Hospitals. Identify factors affecting QOL among these patients. Design/methodology/approach – A cross-sectional study measured QOL among early stage female breast cancer (BC) patients and determined the main factors affecting their QOL. Three interviewer administered questionnaires were used. Findings – The physical domain mostly affected in BC patients and the functional domain least. Socio-demographic factors that significantly affected BC patients QOL scores were patient age, education, having children and family income. Specific patient characteristics include caregiver presence – a factor that affected different QOL scores. Age at diagnosis, affection in the side of the predominant hand, post-operative chemotherapy and difficulty in obtaining the medication were the disease-related factors that affected QOL scores. Originality/value – The final model predicting QOL for early stage female BC patients included age, education and difficulty in obtaining the medication as determinants for total QOL score. Carer presence was the specific patient characteristic that affected different QOL scores.

Attention to diet, exercise, and weight in the oncology clinic: Results of a national patient survey.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10549-10549
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Ligibel ◽  
Lori J. Pierce ◽  
Catherine M. Bender ◽  
Tracy E Crane ◽  
Christina Marie Dieli-Conwright ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Diet And Exercise ◽  
To Receive

10549 Background: Obesity and related factors are increasingly associated with increased risk of developing and dying from cancer. The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) conducted a survey of cancer patients to assess their experience in receiving recommendations and referrals related to weight, diet and exercise as a part of their cancer care. Methods: An online survey was distributed to potential participants between March and June 2020 via ASCO channels and patient advocacy organizations, with an estimated reach of over 25,000 individuals. Eligibility criteria included being 18 years, living in the US, and having been diagnosed with cancer. Logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with recommendation and referral patterns. Results: In total, 2419 individuals responded to the survey. Most respondents were female (75.5%), 61.8% had an early-stage malignancy, 38.2% had advanced disease, and 49.0% were currently receiving treatment. Breast cancer was the most common cancer type (36.0%). Average BMI was 25.8 kg/m2. The majority of respondents consumed £2 servings of fruits and vegetables per day (50.9%) and exercised £2 times per week (50.4%). Exercise was addressed at most or some oncology visits in 57.5% of respondents, diet in 50.7%, and weight in 28.4%. Referrals were less common: 14.9% of respondents were referred to an exercise program, 25.6% to a dietitian and 4.5% to a weight management program. In multiple regression analyses, racial and ethnicity minority respondents were more likely to receive advice about diet (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.92, 95% CI 1.56-2.38) and weight (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.23-2.17) compared to non-Hispanic whites, individuals diagnosed with cancer in the past 5 yrs (vs > 5 yrs) were more likely to receive advice about exercise (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.23-1.79), and breast cancer patients were more likely to receive advice about exercise (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.11-1.68) and weight (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.03-2.07) than other cancer patients. Overall, 74% of survey respondents had changed their diet or exercise after cancer diagnosis. Respondents reporting that their oncologist spoke to them about increasing exercise or eating healthier foods were more likely to report a change in behavior than those whose oncologists did not (exercise: 79.6% vs 69.0%, P < 0.001; diet 81.1% vs 71.4%, P < 0.001). Respondents whose oncologist had spoken to them about exercise were more likely to exercise > 2 times per week compared to respondents whose oncologists did not address exercise (53.5% vs 44.1%, P < 0.001). Conclusions: In a national survey of oncology patients, slightly more than half of respondents reported attention to diet and exercise during oncology visits. Provider recommendations for diet and exercise were associated with positive changes in these behaviors. Additional attention to diet and exercise as part of oncology visits is needed to help support healthy lifestyle change in cancer patients.

The Voice of Experience: Diet and Weight Change in Women with Breast Cancer Associate with Psychosocial and Treatment-Related Challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivienne Vance ◽  
Sharon Campbell ◽  
Linda Mccargar ◽  
Marina Mourtzakis ◽  
Rhona Hanning
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Change ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Food Cravings ◽  
Psychosocial Challenges ◽  
The Voice

Purpose: This study investigated relationships between psychosocial and treatment-related factors, diet, and weight change in women treated with chemotherapy for early-stage breast cancer. Methods: Comprehensive qualitative interviews were conducted with 28 women who were within 12 months of completing chemotherapy treatment. Results: Changes in food intake and eating patterns were universal over the course of chemotherapy, with broad variability in treatment effects and associated dietary responses linked to weight change. Increased appetite, food cravings, and intake of energy-dense comfort foods were more common among women who gained weight during treatment (n = 11). Changes in taste, nausea, and emotional distress were central in promoting these dietary responses. Women who lost weight during treatment (n = 6) tended to report more severe and persistent side effects of treatment leading to poor appetite and lower food intake, and they were more likely to live alone. Conclusions: While the etiology of weight change in this population is complex, this study suggests that changes in food intake related to treatment and psychosocial challenges may play an important role for some women. These findings may help to identify women who are most at risk of weight change during treatment and may inform the development of tailored dietary interventions.

Antiovulatory effect of a single injection of pure antiestrogen ZK 191703 at early stage of rat estrus cycle

2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 152-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyuki Nishino ◽  
Hiroshi Yamanouchi ◽  
Kanako Ishibashi ◽  
Christian Hirtreiter ◽  
Yukishige Nishino
Keyword(s):  
Single Injection ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Pure Antiestrogen

scholarly journals Airbag-Associated Severe Blunt Eye Injury Causes Choroidal Rupture and Retinal Hemorrhage: A Case Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih Hao Wang ◽  
Chen Chee Lim ◽  
Yu Ti Teng
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intravitreal Injection ◽  
Sulfur Hexafluoride ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Subretinal Hemorrhage ◽  
Initial Examination ◽  
Eye Trauma ◽  
Choroidal Rupture ◽  
Blunt Eye Trauma

A case of choroidal rupture caused by airbag-associated blunt eye trauma and complicated with massive subretinal hemorrhage and vitreous hemorrhage that was successfully treated with intravitreal injection of expansile gas and bevacizumab is presented. A 53-year-old man suffered from loss of vision in his right eye due to blunt eye trauma by a safety airbag after a traffic accident. On initial examination, the patient had no light perception in his right eye. Dilated ophthalmoscopy revealed massive subretinal hemorrhage with macular invasion and faint vitreous hemorrhage. We performed intravitreal injection of pure sulfur hexafluoride twice for displacement, after which visual acuity improved to 0.03. For persistent subretinal hemorrhage and suspicion of choroidal neovascularization (CNV), intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL) injection was administered. After 3 weeks, the visual acuity of his right eye recovered to 0.4. For early-stage choroidal rupture-induced subretinal hemorrhage and complications of suspected CNV, intravitreal injection of expandable gas and intraocular injection of antiangiogenesis drugs seem to be an effective treatment.

scholarly journals Do physical activity levels differ by number of children at home in women aged 25–44 in the general population?

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 174550651987118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura P Abell ◽  
Kelly A Tanase ◽  
Madison L Gilmore ◽  
Anna E Winnicki ◽  
Victor L Holmes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Physical Activity Levels ◽  
At Home

Objectives: While physical activity is important for health, many women do not meet recommended levels, particularly mothers. The purpose of this study was to assess whether physical activity levels differ by number of children at home in women aged 25–44 in the general US population. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used 2017 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for females aged 25–44 (N = 6266) from California, Colorado, New York, Texas, and Utah. Ordered logistic regression analysis assessed the relationship between physical activity levels and number of children at home while controlling for state and demographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors. Results: About half of participants reported “inactive” or “insufficiently active” physical activity levels and about two-thirds reported having one or more children at home. The results of adjusted analysis indicated that physical activity level was significantly related to having one child (adjusted odds ratio = 0.75, 95% confidence interval = 0.63, 0.89), two children (adjusted odds ratio = 0.79; 95% confidence interval = 0.67, 0.93), and three or more children (adjusted odds ratio = 0.80, 95% confidence interval = 0.67, 0.94) at home. Conclusion: Overall, physical activity levels were significantly related to presence of children at home for women aged 25–44, but increasing number of children at home did not impact effect size. For women aged 25–44 in a primary care setting, a moderate prevalence of inactive or insufficiently active physical activity may be expected. Providers should address physical activity with all patients in this target population during well-visits, but particularly for women with children at home; educate patients about the health benefits of regular physical activity; and provide resources that will help them integrate physical activity into their daily lifestyles.

Calpain-calpastatin system of canine basilar artery in vasospasm

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ikuya Yamaura ◽  
Eiichi Tani ◽  
Takaomi C. Saido ◽  
Koichi Suzuki ◽  
Nobutaka Minami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basilar Artery ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Local Application ◽  
Neutral Protease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Calpain Activity ◽  
Fresh Blood ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Canine Basilar Artery ◽  
Fine Print

✓ Vasospasm was produced in the canine basilar artery by a two-hemorrhage method, while contraction was induced in the normal canine basilar artery by a local application of KCl or serotonin after transclival exposure. The control animals were injected with saline instead of fresh blood. The activation of μ-calpain, a Ca++-dependent neutral protease, in the basilar artery was studied by evaluating the conversion from its inactivated into its activated form on immunoblots. In addition, the activity of calpastatin, an intrinsic inhibitor of calpain, in the basilar artery was determined by assay. The majority of the μ-calpain was inactivated in the control group. In the spastic group, μ-calpain was generally activated markedly in the early stage of vasospasm and moderately thereafter. The contraction induced by KCl or serotonin application was classified into the early phasic and the later tonic stages; μ-calpain was usually activated in the phasic stage and inactivated in the tonic stage. Calpastatin activity was significantly decreased during vasospasm, whereas it was not significantly changed in KCl- or serotonin-induced contraction. The final activity of μ-calpain results from the balance of μ-calpain and calpastatin. This suggests that μ-calpain activity was enhanced continuously in the spastic group and transiently in the KCl or serotonin group, and that the continuous activation of μ-calpain during vasospasm probably induced more proteolytic changes compared to those in the KCl or serotonin group.

scholarly journals Anxiety Among Inpatients With Cancer: Findings From a Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 107327481986464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dung Viet Truong ◽  
Quyen Thi Tu Bui ◽  
Do Tri Nguyen ◽  
Jaleesa Moore
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anxiety Score ◽  
Medical Mistrust ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Patient Health

Anxiety, a condition which is commonly found in patients with cancer, has negative impacts on their quality of life and treatment outcome. This study aimed to determine the level of anxiety in patients with cancer and explore sociodemographic, disease-related, and hospital-related factors associated with anxiety in those patients. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 510 inpatients with cancer at Thanh Hoa Oncology Hospital, Vietnam. Data were collected from self-administered questionnaire forms on hospital depression anxiety-A, interviews with patients, and patient medical records. The univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed using STATA ver. 14.0. Our finding that the patients’ mean anxiety score (standard deviation) was 7.22 (3.8); 27.6% of the patients had an anxiety score between 8 and 10 points, and 15.5% had an anxiety score of ≥11 points. In the multivariate model, in more advanced stages of cancer, and patients with metastasis were more likely to have higher levels of anxiety than those who presented no sign of metastasis. The longer the patients had cancer, the less anxious they became. Lower levels of anxiety were observed in patients who stated that hospital facilities were adequate or had trust in health workers. Patients with cancer need to be provided with psychological support in the early stage of cancer detection and when metastases form. A strong patient–health-care provider relationship after diagnosis may help reduce distress among patients with cancer with higher levels of medical mistrust.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document