scholarly journals Placenta-Specific Genes, Their Regulation During Villous Trophoblast Differentiation and Dysregulation in Preterm Preeclampsia

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andras Szilagyi ◽  
Zsolt Gelencser ◽  
Roberto Romero ◽  
Yi Xu ◽  
Peter Kiraly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Trophoblast Differentiation ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Maternal Immune System ◽  
Villous Trophoblast ◽  
Gene Modules

The human placenta maintains pregnancy and supports the developing fetus by providing nutrition, gas-waste exchange, hormonal regulation, and an immunological barrier from the maternal immune system. The villous syncytiotrophoblast carries most of these functions and provides the interface between the maternal and fetal circulatory systems. The syncytiotrophoblast is generated by the biochemical and morphological differentiation of underlying cytotrophoblast progenitor cells. The dysfunction of the villous trophoblast development is implicated in placenta-mediated pregnancy complications. Herein, we describe gene modules and clusters involved in the dynamic differentiation of villous cytotrophoblasts into the syncytiotrophoblast. During this process, the immune defense functions are first established, followed by structural and metabolic changes, and then by peptide hormone synthesis. We describe key transcription regulatory molecules that regulate gene modules involved in placental functions. Based on transcriptomic evidence, we infer how villous trophoblast differentiation and functions are dysregulated in preterm preeclampsia, a life-threatening placenta-mediated obstetrical syndrome for the mother and fetus. In the conclusion, we uncover the blueprint for villous trophoblast development and its impairment in preterm preeclampsia, which may aid in the future development of non-invasive biomarkers for placental functions and early identification of women at risk for preterm preeclampsia as well as other placenta-mediated pregnancy complications.

scholarly journals Detection of follicular regions in actin-stained whole slide images of the human lymph node by shock filter

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Wurzel ◽  
Jörg Ackermann ◽  
Hendrik Schäfer ◽  
Sonja Scharf ◽  
Martin-Leo Hansmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Immune Defense ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Shock Filter ◽  
Transition Points ◽  
Whole Slide Images

Abstract Human lymph nodes play a central part of immune defense against infection agents and tumor cells. Lymphoid follicles are compartments of the lymph node which are spherical, mainly filled with B cells. B cells are cellular components of the adaptive immune systems. In the course of a specific immune response, lymphoid follicles pass different morphological differentiation stages. The morphology and the spatial distribution of lymphoid follicles can be sometimes associated to a particular causative agent and development stage of a disease. We report our new approach for the automatic detection of follicular regions in histological whole slide images of tissue sections immuno-stained with actin. The method is divided in two phases: (1) shock filter-based detection of transition points and (2) segmentation of follicular regions. Follicular regions in 10 whole slide images were manually annotated by visual inspection, and sample surveys were conducted by an expert pathologist. The results of our method were validated by comparing with the manual annotation. On average, we could achieve a Zijbendos similarity index of 0.71, with a standard deviation of 0.07.

Comparative expression of lysyl oxidases in early and late first trimester placentas and their implication in villous trophoblast differentiation

Placenta ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. A109
Author(s):  
Nadine Segond ◽  
Audrey Chissey ◽  
Alicia Grosso ◽  
Jean Guibourdenche ◽  
Bruno Saubamea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Trimester ◽  
Trophoblast Differentiation ◽  
Lysyl Oxidases ◽  
Villous Trophoblast

scholarly journals Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Chorionic Gonadotropin β Gene during Villous Trophoblast Differentiation

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (4) ◽  
pp. 1685-1694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Knöfler ◽  
Leila Saleh ◽  
Sandra Bauer ◽  
Barbara Galos ◽  
Hans Rotheneder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Trophoblast Differentiation ◽  
Villous Trophoblast

Protein and Peptide Hormone Synthesis

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Johannes Hofland ◽  
Frank H. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
Hormone Synthesis

scholarly journals The interplay between thyroid hormones and the placenta: a comprehensive review†

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enoch Appiah Adu-Gyamfi ◽  
Ying-Xiong Wang ◽  
Yu-Bin Ding
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Pregnancy Complications ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Trophoblast Invasion ◽  
Trophoblast Differentiation ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate a number of metabolic processes during pregnancy. After implantation, the placenta forms and enhances embryonic growth and development. Dysregulated maternal THs signaling has been observed in malplacentation-mediated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), but the molecular mechanisms involved in this association have not been fully characterized. In this review, we have discussed THs signaling and its roles in trophoblast proliferation, trophoblast differentiation, trophoblast invasion of the decidua, and decidual angiogenesis. We have also explored the relationship between specific pregnancy complications and placental THs transporters, deiodinases, and THs receptors. In addition, we have examined the effects of specific endocrine disruptors on placental THs signaling. The available evidence indicates that THs signaling is involved in the formation and functioning of the placenta and serves as the basis for understanding the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of dysthyroidism-associated pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia, miscarriage, and IUGR.

Effects of endothelin on villous trophoblast differentiation and free intracellular calcium

Placenta ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 69-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Cronier ◽  
Alexandra Dubut ◽  
Jean Guibourdenche ◽  
André Malassiné
Keyword(s):  
Intracellular Calcium ◽  
Trophoblast Differentiation ◽  
Villous Trophoblast ◽  
Free Intracellular Calcium

scholarly journals Endocrine disruptive compounds and male reproduction

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-134
Author(s):  
Ješeta Michal ◽  
Chmelíková Eva ◽  
Crha Igor ◽  
Sedmíková Markéta ◽  
Žáková Jana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
The Impact

AbstractEndocrine disruptors (EDs) are chemical substances that affect physiological processes in the organism via hormonal regulation. The EDs are present in the environment and objects of everyday use. They are often detected in food, particularly released from packaging of canned food, but also from plastic water bottles, and they are also found in cosmetics and fertilizers. They are commonly detected in children's toys, banknotes, receipts and many more objects. Permanent and long-term utilization of EDs has harmful effects on human reproductive health mainly by interference with sex hormone synthesis and mechanism of action. The endocrine disruptors show many negative effects on male reproductive system. Any change during synthesis or activity of sex hormones can cause abnormal reproduction, including developmental anomalies of the sexual system, disruption of testicular development or deterioration of sperm quality. Mainly the impact on the development of testicles in prenatal and early postnatal period can be crucial for reproductive health in males. This review provides an overview of the EDs and their possible impact on reproductive health in males with focus on sperm quality and development of testicles.

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