scholarly journals Cadmium-Related Effects on Cellular Immunity Comprises Altered Metabolism in Earthworm Coelomocytes

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Höckner ◽  
Claudio Adriano Piechnik ◽  
Birgit Fiechtner ◽  
Birgit Weinberger ◽  
Lars Tomanek
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Extracellular Flux ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Cd Exposure

The heavy metal cadmium (Cd) is known to modulate the immune system, challenging soil-dwelling organisms where environmental Cd pollution is high. Since earthworms lack adaptive immunity, we determined Cd-related effects on coelomocytes, the cellular part of innate immunity, which is also the site of detoxification processes. A proteomics approach revealed a set of immunity-related proteins as well as gene products involved in energy metabolism changing in earthworms in response to Cd exposure. Based on these results, we conducted extracellular flux measurements of oxygen and acidification to reveal the effect of Cd on coelomocyte metabolism. We observed a significantly changing oxygen consumption rate, extracellular acidification, as well as metabolic potential, which can be defined as the response to an induced energy demand. Acute changes in intracellular calcium levels were also observed, indicating impaired coelomocyte activation. Lysosomes, the cell protein recycling center, and mitochondrial parameters did not change. Taken together, we were able to characterize coelomocyte metabolism to reveal a potential link to an impaired immune system upon Cd exposure.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis Reveals the Participation of Energy- and Stress-Related Proteins in the Response of Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E to Toluene

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (17) ◽  
pp. 5937-5945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Segura ◽  
Patricia Godoy ◽  
Pieter van Dillewijn ◽  
Ana Hurtado ◽  
Nuria Arroyo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Sugar Transport ◽  
Krebs Cycle ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Solvent Tolerance ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Related Proteins

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E is tolerant to toluene and other toxic hydrocarbons through extrusion of the toxic compounds from the cell by means of three efflux pumps, TtgABC, TtgDEF, and TtgGHI. To identify other cellular factors that allow the growth of P. putida DOT-T1E in the presence of high concentrations of toluene, we performed two-dimensional gel analyses of proteins extracted from cultures grown on glucose in the presence and in the absence of the organic solvent. From a total of 531 spots, 134 proteins were observed to be toluene specific. In the absence of toluene, 525 spots were clearly separated and 117 proteins were only present in this condition. Moreover, 35 proteins were induced by at least twofold in the presence of toluene whereas 26 were repressed by at least twofold under these conditions. We reasoned that proteins that were highly induced could play a role in toluene tolerance. These proteins, identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry, were classified into four categories: 1, proteins involved in the catabolism of toluene; 2, proteins involved in the channeling of metabolic intermediates to the Krebs cycle and activation of purine biosynthesis; 3, proteins involved in sugar transport; 4, stress-related proteins. The set of proteins in groups 2 and 3 suggests that the high energy demand required for solvent tolerance is achieved via activation of cell metabolism. The role of chaperones that facilitate the proper folding of newly synthesized proteins under toluene stress conditions was analyzed in further detail. Knockout mutants revealed that CspA, XenA, and Tuf-1 play a role in solvent tolerance in Pseudomonas, although this role is probably not specific to toluene, as indicated by the fact that all mutants grew more slowly than the wild type without toluene.

Influence of metabolic status and genetic merit for fertility on proteomic composition of bovine oviduct fluid†

2019 ◽  
Vol 101 (5) ◽  
pp. 893-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrin Gegenfurtner ◽  
Thomas Fröhlich ◽  
Miwako Kösters ◽  
Pascal Mermillod ◽  
Yann Locatelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Metabolic Model ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Embryonic Loss ◽  
Oviduct Fluid ◽  
Related Proteins

Abstract The oviduct plays a crucial role in fertilization and early embryo development providing the microenvironment for oocyte, spermatozoa, and early embryo. Since dairy cow fertility declined steadily over the last decades, reasons for early embryonic loss have gained increasing interest. Analyzing two animal models, this study aimed to investigate the impact of genetic predisposition for fertility and of metabolic stress on the protein composition of oviduct fluid. A metabolic model comprised maiden Holstein heifers and postpartum lactating (Lact) and non-lactating (Dry) cows, while a genetic model consisted of heifers from the Montbéliarde breed and Holstein heifers with low- and high-fertility index. In a holistic proteomic analysis of oviduct fluid from all groups using nano-liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry analysis and label-free quantification, we were able to identify 1976 proteins, among which 143 showed abundance alterations in the pairwise comparisons within both models. Most differentially abundant proteins were revealed between low fertility Holstein and Montbéliarde (52) in the genetic model and between lactating and maiden Holstein (19) in the metabolic model, demonstrating a substantial effect of genetic predisposition for fertility and metabolic stress on the oviduct fluid proteome. Functional classification of affected proteins revealed actin binding, translation, and immune system processes as prominent gene ontology (GO) clusters. Notably, Actin-related protein 2/3 complex subunit 1B and the three immune system-related proteins SERPIND1 protein, immunoglobulin kappa locus protein, and Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein were affected in both models, suggesting that abundance changes of immune-related proteins in oviduct fluid play an important role for early embryonic loss.

scholarly journals ccf-mtDNA as a Potential Link Between the Brain and Immune System in Neuro-Immunological Disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Gambardella ◽  
Fiona Limanaqi ◽  
Rosangela Ferese ◽  
Francesca Biagioni ◽  
Rosa Campopiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immunological Disorders ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Quantifying intracellular rates of glycolytic and oxidative ATP production and consumption using extracellular flux measurements

2017 ◽  
Vol 292 (17) ◽  
pp. 7189-7207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shona A. Mookerjee ◽  
Akos A. Gerencser ◽  
David G. Nicholls ◽  
Martin D. Brand
Keyword(s):  
Atp Production ◽  
Extracellular Flux ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Flux Measurements

scholarly journals Integrating Extracellular Flux Measurements and Genome-Scale Modeling Reveals Differences between Brown and White Adipocytes

Cell Reports ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
pp. 3040-3048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred K. Ramirez ◽  
Matthew D. Lynes ◽  
Farnaz Shamsi ◽  
Ruidan Xue ◽  
Yu-Hua Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Flux ◽  
Scale Modeling ◽  
White Adipocytes ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Genome Scale

scholarly journals Quercetin Protects against Cadmium-Induced Renal Uric Acid Transport System Alteration and Lipid Metabolism Disorder in Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Wang ◽  
Ying Pan ◽  
Ye Hong ◽  
Qing-Yu Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Ning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Transport System ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Renal Cortex ◽  
Signal Pathway ◽  
Lipid Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Metabolism Disorder ◽  
Dietary Flavonoid ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Cd Exposure

Hyperuricemia and dyslipidemia are involved in Cd nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of quercetin, a dietary flavonoid with anti-hyperuricemic and anti-dyslipidemic properties, on the alteration of renal UA transport system and disorder of renal lipid accumulation in 3 and 6 mg/kg Cd-exposed rats for 4 weeks. Cd exposure induced hyperuricemia with renal XOR hyperactivity and UA excretion dysfunction in rats. Simultaneously, abnormal expression levels of renal UA transport-related proteins including RST, OAT1, MRP4 and ABCG2 were observed in Cd-exposed rats with inhibitory activity of renal Na+-K+-ATPase. Furthermore, Cd exposure disturbed lipid metabolism with down-regulation of AMPK and its downstream targets PPARα, OCTN2 and CPT1 expressions, and up-regulation of PGC-1βand SREBP-1 expressions in renal cortex of rats. We had proved that Cd-induced disorder of renal UA transport and production system might have cross-talking with renal AMPK-PPARα/PGC-1βsignal pathway impairment, contributing to Cd nephrotoxicity of rats. Quercetin was found to be effective against Cd-induced dysexpression of RST and OAT1 with XOR hyperactivity and impairment of AMPK-PPARα/PGC-1βsignal pathway, resulting in renal lipid accumulation reduction of rats.

SLPI and elafin: one glove, many fingers

2005 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Williams ◽  
Thomas I. Brown ◽  
Ali Roghanian ◽  
Jean-Michel Sallenave
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Type I ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Related Proteins

Elafin and SLPI (secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor) have multiple important roles both in normal homoeostasis and at sites of inflammation. These include antiprotease and antimicrobial activity as well as modulation of the response to LPS (lipopolysaccharide) stimulation. Elafin and SLPI are members of larger families of proteins secreted predominantly at mucosal sites, and have been shown to be modulated in multiple pathological conditions. We believe that elafin and SLPI are important molecules in the controlled functioning of the innate immune system, and may have further importance in the integration of this system with the adaptive immune response. Recent interest has focused on the influence of inflamed tissues on the recruitment and phenotypic modulation of cells of the adaptive immune system and, indeed, the local production of elafin and SLPI indicate that they are ideally placed in this regard. Functionally related proteins, such as the defensins and cathelicidins, have been shown to have direct effects upon dendritic cells with potential alteration of their phenotype towards type I or II immune responses. This review addresses the multiple functions of elafin and SLPI in the inflammatory response and discusses further their roles in the development of the adaptive immune response.

scholarly journals Unravelling the debate on heme effects in COVID-19 infections

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Thérèse Hopp ◽  
Daniel Domingo-Fernández ◽  
Yojana Gadiya ◽  
Milena S. Detzel ◽  
Benjamin F. Schmalohr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Options ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Host Cell Proteins ◽  
Clinical Biomarkers ◽  
Linking Elements ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
The Common ◽  
Knowledge Graphs ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Related Proteins

AbstractThe SARS-CoV-2 outbreak was recently declared a worldwide pandemic. Infection triggers the respiratory tract disease COVID-19, which is accompanied by serious changes of clinical biomarkers such as hemoglobin and interleukins. The same parameters are altered during hemolysis, which is characterized by an increase in labile heme. We present two approaches that aim at analyzing a potential link between available heme and COVID-19 pathogenesis. Four COVID-19 related proteins, i.e. the host cell proteins ACE2 and TMPRSS2 as well as the viral protein 7a and S protein, were identified as potential heme binders. We also performed a detailed analysis of the common pathways induced by heme and SARS-CoV-2 by superimposition of knowledge graphs covering heme biology and COVID-19 pathophysiology. Herein, focus was laid on inflammatory pathways, and distinct biomarkers as the linking elements. Finally, the results substantially improve our understanding of COVID-19 infections and disease progression of patients with different clinical backgrounds and expand the diagnostic and treatment options.

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