scholarly journals Influence of Abiotic Stress Factors on the Antioxidant Properties and Polyphenols Profile Composition of Green Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski ◽  
Dominika Radzikowska ◽  
Eva Ivanišová ◽  
Artur Szwengiel ◽  
Miroslava Kačániová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Simple Relationship ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact

The influence of stress factors on the plant can, on the one hand, lead to worse functioning of the plant and loss of its crop, but on the other, it can have a positive effect on the metabolism of compounds with documented biological activity. In this study, the effect of light and drought intensity on photosynthetic activity and physiological status of two barley varieties, as well as the antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and profile of polyphenolic compounds of green barley were analysed. It was shown that under the conditions of water shortage, the KWS Olof variety showed a smaller decrease in CO2 assimilation and transpiration and higher values of these parameters at both light intensities. Only in the KWS Olof variety increased stress as a result of increased light intensity. It has also been shown that both the intensity of radiation and drought-related stress have a significant impact on the profile of polyphenolic compounds from green barley, without a simple relationship between the impact of stress factors on the content of polyphenols. Changes in the profile of polyphenolic compounds augmented the antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the material. This, in turn, proposes the possibility of reducing the applied doses of herbal material thanks to a greater content of active substances in extracts obtained from the plants used to produce medicinal preparations.

scholarly journals Effect of Parinari curatellifolia Peel Flour on the Nutritional, Physical and Antioxidant Properties of Biscuits

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1262
Author(s):  
Shonisani Eugenia Ramashia ◽  
Felicia Matshepho Mamadisa ◽  
Mpho Edward Mashau
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Yellowness Index ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Parinari Curatellifolia ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
The Impact

This study investigated the impact of Parinari curatellifolia peel flour on the nutritional, physical and antioxidant properties of formulated biscuits. Biscuits enriched with 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% of Parinari (P). curatellifolia peel flour were formulated and characterised. Thermal, physicochemical, polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant properties of flour and biscuits were determined. The incorporation of P. curatellifolia peel flour significantly increased (p < 0.05) thermal properties (onset, peak and conclusion temperatures) of flour. However, enthalpy of gelatinisation, viscosity and pH of flour samples decreased. Nutritional analysis revealed an increase in ash (0.74% to 2.23%) and crude fibre contents (0.39% to 2.95%) along with an increase of P. curatellifolia peel flour levels. Protein content and carbohydrates decreased while moisture content was insignificantly affected by the addition of P. curatellifolia peel flour. The L*, b* values and whiteness index of formulated biscuits decreased while parameter a* value (10.76 to 21.89) and yellowness index (69.84 to 102.71) decreased. Physical properties such as diameter (3.57 mm to 3.97 mm), spread ratio (2.67 to 3.45) and hardness (1188.13 g to 2432.60 g) increased with the inclusion levels of peel flour while weight and thickness decreased. The inclusion of P. curatellifolia improved the polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of biscuits with values of total flavonoids content ranging from 0.028 to 0.104 mg CE/g, total phenolic content increasing from 20.01 mg to 48.51 mg GAE/g, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) increasing from 108.33 mg to 162.67 mg GAE/g and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) from 48.70% to 94.72%. These results lead to the recommendation of the utilisation of P. curatellifolia peel flour to enhance the nutritional value, polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of bakery products such as biscuits.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF SALICYLIC ACID ON DIFFERENT PLANT PROCESSES – A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-242
Author(s):  
A. AHMADI SHADMEHRI ◽  
A. KHATIBY
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Flower Formation ◽  
Respiratory Pathway ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Ion Absorption ◽  
The Impact

Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known signaling molecule that plays an important role in resistance against pathogens, as well as adaptation to some abiotic stress factors, such as drought, heavy metal toxicity, chilling, heat and osmotic stress and can be a factor effective treatment for plants. The impact of SA on different plant processes under optimal environmental conditions is controversial. Also, SA as a plant growth regulator may have a positive effect on the regulation of physiological and biochemical processes of different plant species, such as seed germination, seed production, respiration, vegetative growth, flower formation and photosynthesis. In addition, SA as a regulator of cell growth, could contribute to maintaining cellular redox homeostasis by induction of the alternative respiratory pathway and the regulation of antioxidant enzymes activity and to regulating gene expression by inducing a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. However, SA may act as a stressor, and may have a negative impact on different plant processes. Recent results indicate that the exogenous application of SA to plants have affect several on many physiological processes, such as control of ion absorption, stomatal closure and transport, reducing of stress and stimulation of growth and differentiation of plants, and also the controlled levels of SA in plants are important for improving performance and adaptation to environmental stimuli and emphasize its important role in plant health and protection. The present study investigated the effect of SA on different plant processes.

scholarly journals Challenges – the impact of climate change on the nutritional management of Hungarian orchards

2018 ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Péter Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Nutrient Demand ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact

The agricultural sector is increasingly exposed to both environmental and economic risks due to the phenomena of climate change and climate variability. Fruit growth and productivity are adversely affected by nature’s wrath in the form of various abiotic stress factors. Climate change and extreme climatic events are predicted to increase in intensity, frequency, and geographic extent as a consequence of global climate change. It is no doubt that frequency of unexpected climatic events and their growing rate result in an increasing amount of problems for fruit growers globally. Today, climate change impacts are the most serious problems for Hungarian fruit growers as well. It can be stated that the nutrient demand of fruit trees can be supplied only under even worse conditions. Therefore, it is so important to know and apply adaptation and mitigation strategies in horticulture to improve fruit quality and yield. In the last ten years, at the Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management at University of Debrecen expanded studies have been made to prove the importance of groundcover management in horticultural applications. In this mini review paper, is presented, how the university's researches contributed to the expansion of knowledge of preservation of soil moisture and what advice we can provide for fruit growers to face the challenges of climate change.

scholarly journals The Impact of Biotic and Abiotic Stress Factors on Development of European Ash Tissue Cultures

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Nawrot-Chorabik ◽  
Małgorzata Sułkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Osmenda ◽  
Vasyl Mohytych ◽  
Ewa Surówka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Tissue Cultures ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
European Ash

Fraxinus excelsior L. is threatened by a variety of environmental factors causing a decline of the species. The most important biotic factors negatively affecting the condition of the F. excelsior population are fungi such as the pathogen Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. Abiotic factors with potentially harmful effect to the F. excelsior population are the accumulation of heavy metals and salinity in soils. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of selected biotic and abiotic stress factors to determine which of them pose a threat to European ash. The study was conducted using in vitro techniques based on callus and seedlings regenerated via indirect organogenesis. Tissue cultures exclude the influence of other factors, including the environmental impact on ash extinction. The results confirmed very strong pathogenic potential of H. fraxineus in which after 14 days the callus tissue cells died as the tissue failed to activate its defense mechanisms. Experiments showed the high toxicity of cadmium in concentration of 0.027 mmol/L. Salinity caused the activity of oxidation enzymes to vary among seedlings and calluses in the control suggesting the enzymes play a role in controlling the morphogenetic development of tissue cultures.

scholarly journals Genetic modifications as a future prospect in the improvement of the major qualitative traits of cereals. A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-50
Author(s):  
KAROLINA DUDZIAK ◽  
MICHAŁ NOWAK ◽  
KRZYSZTOF KOWALCZYK
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Direct Gene Transfer ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Economic Significance ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors

Progress in cereals transformation which can be observed for last two decades has great importance in the development of plant science and agriculture. So far, non-vector techniques, particularly direct gene transfer using „gene gun”, have been often applied in cereals transformation. However, agrobiotechnology achievements enabled cereals transformation with the soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Initially, it was believed that this technique cannot be applied to cereals because monocotyledones are outside the host range of the crown gall disease. Nowadays, the top five cereals with the highest economic significance – rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) are quite efficiently transformed by A. tumefaciens. By means of molecular genetic tools it is possible to obtain cereals with new, improved traits. The present paper is focused on agricultural development which can by observed by the application of GM cereals tolerant to biotic and abiotic stress factors. Moreover, we summarized the latest achievements in cereals transformation.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Metabolism under Stressful Growth Conditions as a Bases for Crop Breeding and Yield Improvement

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fermín Morales ◽  
María Ancín ◽  
Dorra Fakhet ◽  
Jon González-Torralba ◽  
Angie L. Gámez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Plant Behavior ◽  
Photosynthetic Co2 Assimilation ◽  
The Impact

Increased periods of water shortage and higher temperatures, together with a reduction in nutrient availability, have been proposed as major factors that negatively impact plant development. Photosynthetic CO2 assimilation is the basis of crop production for animal and human food, and for this reason, it has been selected as a primary target for crop phenotyping/breeding studies. Within this context, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the response and acclimation of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation to multiple changing environmental conditions (including nutrients, water availability, and rising temperature) is a matter of great concern for the understanding of plant behavior under stress conditions, and for the development of new strategies and tools for enhancing plant growth in the future. The current review aims to analyze, from a multi-perspective approach (ranging across breeding, gas exchange, genomics, etc.) the impact of changing environmental conditions on the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and, consequently, plant growth.

scholarly journals Thermal Imaging for Plant Stress Detection and Phenotyping

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Mónica Pineda ◽  
Matilde Barón ◽  
María-Luisa Pérez-Bueno
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Plant Phenotyping ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Stress Detection ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Imaging Sensors

In the last few years, large efforts have been made to develop new methods to optimize stress detection in crop fields. Thus, plant phenotyping based on imaging techniques has become an essential tool in agriculture. In particular, leaf temperature is a valuable indicator of the physiological status of plants, responding to both biotic and abiotic stressors. Often combined with other imaging sensors and data-mining techniques, thermography is crucial in the implementation of a more automatized, precise and sustainable agriculture. However, thermal data need some corrections related to the environmental and measuring conditions in order to achieve a correct interpretation of the data. This review focuses on the state of the art of thermography applied to the detection of biotic stress. The work will also revise the most important abiotic stress factors affecting the measurements as well as practical issues that need to be considered in order to implement this technique, particularly at the field scale.

scholarly journals Effect of abiotic stress factors on polyphenolic content in the skin and flesh of pear by UPLC-PDA-Q/TOF-MS

2019 ◽  
Vol 245 (12) ◽  
pp. 2715-2725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Cebulak ◽  
Jan Oszmiański ◽  
Ireneusz Kapusta ◽  
Sabina Lachowicz
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Biological Quality ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Quality Of Food ◽  
Uvc Radiation

Abstract Growing social interest in foods with high biological quality results in the need to look for possibilities of increasing the biological quality of food products. The aim of this research was an attempt to estimate the increase of polyphenolic compounds (by UPLC-PDA-MS/MS) in the flesh and skin of pear under the influence of stress elicitors such as UVC radiation, L-EMF, H-EMF and US with various exposure times. The applied stress factors differentiated the content of phenolic acids, flavan-3-ols and flavonols both in flesh and in skin. In all cases, pear skin demonstrated a decrease in the sum of polyphenolic compounds; however, when it comes to flavan-3-ols and procyanidins, the concentration of the compounds increased in two cases: after a 30-min exposure to L-EMF (+ 18%) and after a 5-min exposure to H-EMF (+ 20%). Following a 30-min flesh exposure to US, the determined sum of polyphenolic compounds was + 28% higher than in the control sample. It was observed that the level of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins in the flesh increased after a 60-min exposure to UVC radiation and low-frequency and high-frequency electromagnetic fields, and after a 20-min and 30-min exposure to ultrasounds. The presence of flavonols was only observed in pear skin. The research results show that it is possible to produce juice with a higher content of polyphenolic compounds, because juice is obtained mainly from the flesh; however, there is a need for further research to confirm the observed tendencies in the changes of polyphenolic compounds in fractions of pears.

scholarly journals MORPHOPHYSIOLOGICAL STATUS OF SIMMENTAL BREED CATTLE IN YAKUTIA

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
L. P. Koriakina ◽  
N. N. Grigorieva ◽  
V. I. Maksimov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Stress ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Local Selection ◽  
The Impact

The authors argue the impact of environmental stress factors on physiological status of Simmental cattle of local selection, adapted to conditions of breeding in Arctic zone, characterized by weak forage base and unfavorable extreme natural conditions. They found out the total number of red blood cells and the level of hemoglobulin in the investigated animals in the peripheral blood is 14.55% lower than the standard values on the average. The granulocyte concentration in the leukocyte formula exceeds the standard by 1.2%. The level of total protein in the blood serum is significantly higher than the standard one: in calves - by 38.01, in cows - by 17% (P0.001). In peripheral blood, dysproteinemia is observed in the animals. The impact of environmental stress factors on neutrophil opsonophagocytic reaction (ORP) parameters, such as phagocytic activity of neutrophils (FA), phagocytic number (FN), phagocytic index (PI), in vitro, has been determined. The greatest growth of phagocytic activity was observed in the winter stable period, which exceeded the physiological standard by 5.99%. The FA is relatively high in other seasons and corresponds to the upper limit values of the multiyear average. When studying the qualitative characteristics of microphages - phagocytic number - it was revealed that the maximum values are observed in cows in winter-spring period (10,3±1,6 and 10,0±0,7 m.t.), and the minimum - in summer (7,9±0,9 m.t.). When estimating the phagocytic index in the opsonophagocytic reaction, the authors revealed the profound growth of PI values in winter (8.1±1.4 m.t.), which is 34.56% higher than in summer. The data obtained confirm the severity of the impact of environmental conditions, in particular, seasonal changes that play specific role in the adaptive response and in the preservation of the overall organism resistance.

scholarly journals Change in photosynthetic pigments of Date palm offshoots under abiotic stress factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Hussein J. Shareef ◽  
Gholamreza Abdi ◽  
Shah Fahad
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Significant Similarity ◽  
Abiotic Stress Factors ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Proline Concentration ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIncreasing world temperatures are bringing about climate changes creating abiotic stress in plants. Date palm offshoot leaves (Khadrawi cv.) were analyzed for chlorophyll Chl a, Chl b, Total Chl, Chl a/b ratio, anthocyanin and carotenoid subject to salinity, drought and temperature stress under field conditions. Results demonstrated that drought and salinity stress accompanied by high temperatures in July and August significantly reduced the Chl a, Chl b, and Total Chl relative to the control. Anthocyanins, carotenoids, hydrogen peroxide, and malondialdehyde were markedly higher in July and August (45 ºC), whereas September showed lower values in these substances. Temperature reduction to 35 °C accompanied by drought or salinity stress, brought about a critical increment in relative water content and a decrease in electrolyte leakage. Although the impact of drought and salinity stress continued, the reduced temperatures in September resulted in a reduction of abscisic acid and proline concentration. Cluster analysis showed the two groups. In this first group, the significant similarity between the treatments is illustrated by the influence of the high temperature of 43–45 ºC. Recovery of photosynthesis following low-temperature, for the most part, determines plant flexibility to water deficiencies and salinity. Thermal stress, associated with salinity or drought stress is more damaging to the photosynthetic pigments than any single factor.

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