scholarly journals Iron and Sphingolipids as Common Players of (Mal)Adaptation to Hypoxia in Pulmonary Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ottolenghi ◽  
Aida Zulueta ◽  
Anna Caretti
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Adaptation To Hypoxia ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate

Hypoxia, or lack of oxygen, can occur in both physiological (high altitude) and pathological conditions (respiratory diseases). In this narrative review, we introduce high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), and Cystic Fibrosis (CF) as examples of maladaptation to hypoxia, and highlight some of the potential mechanisms influencing the prognosis of the affected patients. Among the specific pathways modulated in response to hypoxia, iron metabolism has been widely explored in recent years. Recent evidence emphasizes hepcidin as highly involved in the compensatory response to hypoxia in healthy subjects. A less investigated field in the adaptation to hypoxia is the sphingolipid (SPL) metabolism, especially through Ceramide and sphingosine 1 phosphate. Both individually and in concert, iron and SPL are active players of the (mal)adaptation to physiological hypoxia, which can result in the pathological HAPE. Our aim is to identify some pathways and/or markers involved in the physiological adaptation to low atmospheric pressures (high altitudes) that could be involved in pathological adaptation to hypoxia as it occurs in pulmonary inflammatory diseases. Hepcidin, Cer, S1P, and their interplay in hypoxia are raising growing interest both as prognostic factors and therapeutical targets.

scholarly journals Protective Features of Autophagy in Pulmonary Infection and Inflammatory Diseases

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Wang ◽  
Yi Chen ◽  
Pengju Zhang ◽  
Ping Lin ◽  
Na Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Autophagy Pathway ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Cellular Components ◽  
Cellular Stressors

Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process involving autolysosomal degradation of cellular components, including protein aggregates, damaged organelles (such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and others), as well as various pathogens. Thus, the autophagy pathway represents a major adaptive response for the maintenance of cellular and tissue homeostasis in response to numerous cellular stressors. A growing body of evidence suggests that autophagy is closely associated with diverse human diseases. Specifically, acute lung injury (ALI) and inflammatory responses caused by bacterial infection or xenobiotic inhalation (e.g., chlorine and cigarette smoke) have been reported to involve a spectrum of alterations in autophagy phenotypes. The role of autophagy in pulmonary infection and inflammatory diseases could be protective or harmful dependent on the conditions. In this review, we describe recent advances regarding the protective features of autophagy in pulmonary diseases, with a focus on ALI, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), tuberculosis, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and cystic fibrosis.

scholarly journals The emerging role of C/EBPs in glucocorticoid signaling: lessons from the lung

2011 ◽  
Vol 212 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham B Roos ◽  
Magnus Nord
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Steroid Resistance ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Glucocorticoid Signaling ◽  
Enhancer Binding Protein

Glucocorticoids (GCs) have been successfully used in the treatment of inflammatory diseases for decades. However, there is a relative GC resistance in several inflammatory lung disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but still the mechanism(s) behind this unresponsiveness remains unknown. Interaction between transcription factors and the GC receptor contribute to GC effects but may also provide mechanisms explaining steroid resistance. CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) transcription factors are important regulators of pulmonary gene expression and have been implicated in inflammatory lung diseases such as asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, cystic fibrosis, sarcoidosis, and COPD. In addition, several studies have indicated a role for C/EBPs in mediating GC effects. In this review, we discuss the different mechanisms of GC action as well as the function of the lung-enriched members of the C/EBP transcription factor family. We also summarize the current knowledge of the role of C/EBP transcription factors in mediating the effects of GCs, with emphasis on pulmonary effects, and their potential role in mediating GC resistance.

scholarly journals Рhysiotherapy in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 720-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoaneta Dimitrova ◽  
Nikolay Izov ◽  
Ivan Maznev ◽  
Danche Vasileva ◽  
Milena Nikolova
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Therapy Program ◽  
Group A ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Group B ◽  
Positive Effect

BACKGROUND: Physiotherapy is an essential for the treatment of patients with chronic respiratory non-inflammatory diseases especially for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).AIM: To assess the effect of six months physiotherapy (PT) program on functional status in patients with COPD.МАTERIAL AND METHODS: The patients were divided into two groups according to the severity of the disease. Group A included 33 patients (mean age 68.6 ± 7.3; GOLD II – III stages). Group B included 32 patients (mean age 71.7 ± 6.9; GOLD I –II). They were referred to supervised PT program performed three times weekly for a half a year. All the patients were on standard medical care. At entry and after PT, six minutes walking test (6 MWT), Borg scale and modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) scale were assessed.RESULTS: Significant changes in 6 MWT (р < 0.001) and mMRC scale (р < 0.001) were found after applied physical therapy program in patients of group A. Exertional dyspnoea decreased significantly in patients with group A (р < 0.001). Positive changes were found in physical tolerance in the patients of group B (р < 0.001).CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed the positive effect of six months physiotherapy in physical tolerance and dyspnoea in patients with COPD at different stages of the disease.

scholarly journals Nanoderived Therapeutic Formulations with Curcumin in Inflammation-Related Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Cristina Quispe ◽  
Natália Cruz-Martins ◽  
Maria Letizia Manca ◽  
Maria Manconi ◽  
Oksana Sytar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Targeted Delivery ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
New Strategies

Due to its vast therapeutic potential, the plant-derived polyphenol curcumin is utilized in an ever-growing number of health-related applications. Here, we report the extraction methodologies, therapeutic properties, advantages and disadvantages linked to curcumin employment, and the new strategies addressed to improve its effectiveness by employing advanced nanocarriers. The emerging nanotechnology applications used to enhance CUR bioavailability and its targeted delivery in specific pathological conditions are collected and discussed. In particular, new aspects concerning the main strategic nanocarriers employed for treating inflammation and oxidative stress-related diseases are reported and discussed, with specific emphasis on those topically employed in conditions such as wounds, arthritis, or psoriasis and others used in pathologies such as bowel (colitis), neurodegenerative (Alzheimer’s or dementia), cardiovascular (atherosclerosis), and lung (asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) diseases. A brief overview of the relevant clinical trials is also included. We believe the review can provide the readers with an overview of the nanostrategies currently employed to improve CUR therapeutic applications in the highlighted pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Exhaled Nitric Oxide as a Biomarker in COPD and Related Comorbidities

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Malerba ◽  
Alessandro Radaeli ◽  
Alessia Olivini ◽  
Giovanni Damiani ◽  
Beatrice Ragnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Exhaled Nitric Oxide ◽  
Airflow Limitation ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin Deficiency ◽  
Alpha 1 Antitrypsin

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is defined as a disease characterized by persistent, progressive airflow limitation. Recent studies have underlined that COPD is correlated to many systemic manifestations, probably due to an underlying pattern of systemic inflammation. In COPD fractional exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) levels are related to smoking habits and disease severity, showing a positive relationship with respiratory functional parameters. Moreover FeNO is increased in patients with COPD exacerbation, compared with stable ones. In alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, a possible cause of COPD, FeNO levels may be monitored to early detect a disease progression. FeNO measurements may be useful in clinical setting to identify the level of airway inflammation,per seand in relation to comorbidities, such as pulmonary arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases, either in basal conditions or during treatment. Finally, some systemic inflammatory diseases, such as psoriasis, have been associated with higher FeNO levels and potentially with an increased risk of developing COPD. In these systemic inflammatory diseases, FeNO monitoring may be a useful biomarker for early diagnosis of COPD development.

scholarly journals Clinical candidates of small molecule p38 MAPK inhibitors for inflammatory diseases

MAP Kinase ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xing
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
P38 Mapk Inhibitors

The trigger and etiology of chronic inflammatory diseases are not well understood, hindering the development of efficient therapeutic approaches. The observation that abnormal activity of the p38 MAPK is common to all inflammatory diseases raised the expectation that p38 inhibitors would serve as general anti-inflammatory therapeutics. A large number of inhibitors were consequently discovered. Several compounds of different scaffolds, blocking the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, have entered phase II clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pain, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. As I review here, in almost all cases the clinical trials have failed, leading to re-design of compounds and re-evaluation of p38 as a suitable target. I describe how structural features, unique to p38<span>α</span>, have been employed in the inhibitor design and achieved high degree of kinome selectivity. I then focus on some of the drugs that reached human trials and summarize their <em>in vitro/in vivo</em> pharmacological profiles and the related outcomes from clinical investigations. These compounds include VX-745, VX-702, RO-4402257, SCIO- 469, BIRB-796, SD-0006, PH-797804, AMG-548, LY2228820, SB-681323 and GW-856553. Finally, I discuss novel suggested approaches for the use of p38 inhibitors such as combining p38 inhibition with inhibiting other targets that function in parallel inflammatory pathways for achieving efficacy in treating inflammatory diseases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document