scholarly journals Depression, GABA, and Age Correlate with Plasma Levels of Inflammatory Markers

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 6172
Author(s):  
Amol K. Bhandage ◽  
Janet L. Cunningham ◽  
Zhe Jin ◽  
Qiujin Shen ◽  
Santiago Bongiovanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
And Control

Immunomodulation is increasingly being recognised as a part of mental diseases. Here, we examined whether levels of immunological protein markers changed with depression, age, or the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). An analysis of plasma samples from patients with a major depressive episode and control blood donors (CBD) revealed the expression of 67 inflammatory markers. Thirteen of these markers displayed augmented levels in patients compared to CBD. Twenty-one markers correlated with the age of the patients, whereas 10 markers correlated with the age of CBD. Interestingly, CST5 and CDCP1 showed the strongest correlation with age in the patients and CBD, respectively. IL-18 was the only marker that correlated with the MADRS-S scores of the patients. Neuronal growth factors (NGFs) were significantly enhanced in plasma from the patients, as was the average plasma GABA concentration. GABA modulated the release of seven cytokines in anti-CD3-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the patients. The study reveals significant changes in the plasma composition of small molecules during depression and identifies potential peripheral biomarkers of the disease.

scholarly journals Depression, GABA and age correlate with the plasma levels of inflammatory markers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amol K. Bhandage ◽  
Janet L. Cunningham ◽  
Zhe Jin ◽  
Qiujin Shen ◽  
Santiago Bongiovanni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Major Depressive Episode ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Gamma Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Major Depressive ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Inhibitory Neurotransmitter ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
And Control

AbstractImmunomodulation is increasingly being recognised as a part of mental diseases. Here, we examined if levels of immunological protein markers altered with depression, age or by the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Analysis of plasma samples from patients with major depressive episode and control blood donors (CBD) revealed expression of 67 inflammatory markers. Thirteen of these markers had augmented levels in patients as compared to CBD. and 21 markers correlated with age of the patients, whereas 10 markers correlated with the age of CBD. Interestingly, CST5 and CDCP1 showed the strongest correlation with age in the patients and in the CBD, respectively. IL-18 was the only marker that correlated with the MADRS-S scores of the patients. Neuronal growth factors (NGFs) were significantly enhanced in plasma from the patients and so was the average plasma GABA concentration. GABA modulated release of seven cytokines in CD3+ stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from the patients. The study reveals significant changes in plasma composition of small molecules during depression and identifies potential peripheral biomarkers of the disease.

scholarly journals Association of Strong Immune Responses to PPE Protein Rv1168c with Active Tuberculosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 974-980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nooruddin Khan ◽  
Kaiser Alam ◽  
Shiny Nair ◽  
Vijaya Lakshmi Valluri ◽  
Kolluri J. R. Murthy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Purified Protein Derivative ◽  
Conventional Tests ◽  
Immunodominant Antigens ◽  
Smear Negative ◽  
And Control ◽  
Immunogenic Properties

ABSTRACT Accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) infection is critical for the treatment, prevention, and control of TB. Conventional diagnostic tests based on purified protein derivative (PPD) do not achieve the required diagnostic sensitivity. Therefore, in this study, we have evaluated the immunogenic properties of Rv1168c, a member of the PPE family, in comparison with PPD, which is routinely used in the tuberculin test, and Hsp60 and ESAT-6, well-known immunodominant antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In a conventional enzyme immunoassay, the recombinant Rv1168c protein displayed stronger immunoreactivity against the sera obtained from patients with clinically active TB than did PPD, Hsp60, or ESAT-6 and could distinguish TB patients from Mycobacterium bovis BCG-vaccinated controls. Interestingly, Rv1168c antigen permits diagnosis of smear-negative pulmonary TB as well as extrapulmonary TB cases, which are often difficult to diagnose by conventional tests. The immunodominant nature of Rv1168c makes it a promising candidate to use in serodiagnosis of TB. In addition, our studies also show that Rv1168c is a potent T-cell antigen which elicits a strong gamma interferon response in sensitized peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained from TB patients.

scholarly journals DDAH2 mRNA Expression Is Inversely Associated with Some Cardiovascular Risk-Related Features in Healthy Young Adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Puchau ◽  
Helen Hermana M. Hermsdorff ◽  
M. Ángeles Zulet ◽  
J. Alfredo Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Disease Marker ◽  
Reduced Risk ◽  
Apparently Healthy

The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the mRNA expression profiles of three genes (PRMT1, DDAH2 and NOS3) are related to ADMA metabolism and signalling, and the potential relationships with anthropometrical, biochemical, lifestyle and inflammatory indicators in healthy young adults. An emphasis on the putative effect of different mRNA expression on cardiovascular risk-related features was paid. Anthropometrical measurements as well as lifestyle features were analyzed in 120 healthy young adults. Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of glucose and lipid profiles as well as the concentrations of selected inflammatory markers. Profiles of mRNA expression were assessed for PRMT1, DDAH2 and NOS3 genes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Regarding inflammatory biomarkers, DDAH2 was inversely associated with IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, subjects in the highest quintile of DDAH2 mRNA expression showed a reduced risk to have higher values of waist circumference, and to be more prone to show higher values of HDL-c. Interestingly, DDAH2 gene expression seemed to be related with some anthropometrical, biochemical, lifestyle and inflammatory indicators linked to cardiovascular risk in apparently healthy young adults, emerging as a potential disease marker.

scholarly journals Cytokine responses to two common respiratory pathogens in children are dependent on interleukin-1β

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 00025-2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice C-H. Chen ◽  
Yang Xi ◽  
Melanie Carroll ◽  
Helen L. Petsky ◽  
Samantha J. Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Response ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
And Control

Protracted bacterial bronchitis (PBB) in young children is a common cause of prolonged wet cough and may be a precursor to bronchiectasis in some children. Although PBB and bronchiectasis are both characterised by neutrophilic airway inflammation and a prominent interleukin (IL)-1β signature, the contribution of the IL-1β pathway to host defence is not clear.This study aimed to compare systemic immune responses against common pathogens in children with PBB, bronchiectasis and control children and to determine the importance of the IL-1β pathway.Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from control subjects (n=20), those with recurrent PBB (n=20) and bronchiectasis (n=20) induced high concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-10. Blocking with an IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) modified the cellular response to pathogens, inhibiting cytokine synthesis by NTHi-stimulated PBMCs and rhinovirus-stimulated PBMCs (in a separate PBB cohort). Inhibition of IFN-γ production by IL-1Ra was observed across multiple cell types, including CD3+ T cells and CD56+ NK cells.Our findings highlight the extent to which IL-1β regulates the cellular immune response against two common respiratory pathogens. While blocking the IL-1β pathway has the potential to reduce inflammation, this may come at the cost of protective immunity against NTHi and rhinovirus.

scholarly journals Endochin-like quinolone-300 and ELQ-316 inhibit Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi and Theileria equi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Suarez ◽  
Marta G. Silva ◽  
Reginaldo G. Bastos ◽  
J. Stone Doggett ◽  
Michael K. Riscoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Babesia Bovis ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Bovine Babesiosis ◽  
Theileria Equi ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Equine Piroplasmosis ◽  
Apicomplexan Parasites ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: The most common apicomplexan parasites causing bovine babesiosis are Babesia bovis and B. bigemina, while B. caballi and Theileria equi are responsible for equine piroplasmosis. Treatment and control of these diseases are usually achieved using potentially toxic chemotherapeutics, such as imidocarb diproprionate, but drug-resistant parasites are emerging, and alternative effective and safer drugs are needed. Endochin-like quinolones (ELQ)-300 and ELQ-316 proved safe and efficacious against related apicomplexans, such as Plasmodium spp., and ELQ-316 was also effective against B. microti, without showing toxicity in mammals.Methods: Inhibitory effects of ELQ-300 and ELQ-316 were assessed on the growth of cultured B. bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi and T. equi. Percentage of parasitized erythrocytes was measured by flow cytometry. Effect of the ELQ drugs on the viability of actively replicating horse and bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was assessed by ELISA. Results: We calculated IC50 ranging from 0.04 to 0.37 nM for ELQ-300, and from 0.002 to 0.1 nM for ELQ-316 at 72 hr among all cultured parasites tested. None of the parasites tested were able to replicate in cultures in the presence of the ELQs-300 and ELQ-316 at IC100, which range from 1.3 to 5.7 nM for ELQ-300 and from 1.0 to 6.0 nM for ELQ-316 at 72 hours. Neither ELQ-300 nor ELQ-316 altered the viability of equine and bovine PBMC at their IC100 in in vitro testing. Conclusions: ELQ-300 and ELQ-316 have a significant inhibitory activity on the main parasites responsible for bovine babesiosis and equine piroplasmosis at doses that are tolerable to host cells. These ELQ drugs may be viable candidates for developing alternative protocols for the treatment of bovine babesiosis and equine piroplasmosis.

scholarly journals Caspase activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of patients with depression and anxiety of different severity

2016 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 588-592
Author(s):  
A.A. Yakovlev ◽  
T.A. Druzhkova ◽  
M.N. Grishkina ◽  
A.B. Guekht ◽  
N.V. Gulyaeva
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Caspase Activity ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Mental Diseases ◽  
Blood Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Severe Anxiety

Though borderline psychiatric disorders (BPD) are quite common diseases, their pathogenesis remains obscure. Data from several groups and our previous results suggest that the pathological changes are typical not only for brain cells, but also for cells of the immune system. One of the evident illustrations of immune and nervous systems relationship in pathogenesis of mental diseases is the death of PBMC occurring in patients with depression. We have shown previously that activities of the caspases increase in some types of BPD. In this study, we have investigated caspase activities in PBMC of patients with BPD of different severity. It has been found that in severe depressive disorder activities of caspases were reduced either as compared to healthy controls or to patients with depression lesser severity. In contrast, in patients with severe anxiety activities of caspases were higher than in both control and patients with less severe forms of anxiety disorders. Thus, the study of caspase activity in PBMC makes it possible to differentiate between severe and mild forms of BPD.

scholarly journals Upregulation of renal and systemic cyclooxygenase-2 in patients with active lupus nephritis.

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1202-1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Tomasoni ◽  
M Noris ◽  
S Zappella ◽  
E Gotti ◽  
F Casiraghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Specific Staining ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cox 1

In lupus nephritis (LN), renal thromboxane A2 (TXA2) production is increased, and inhibition of TXA2 activity improves renal function. In patients with LN, renal function depends very much on vasodilatory prostaglandins, and indeed inhibiting the prostaglandin-forming enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX) with aspirin or related compounds was detrimental on renal hemodynamics in these patients. There are no data so far on whether the excessive TXA2 production in LN derives from upregulation of type I or type II isoforms of COX. It was found that TXB2 synthesis and COX-2 gene expression were higher in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with active LN compared to patients in the inactive form of the disease and to healthy subjects. Unlike COX-2, levels of COX-1 mRNA were comparable in lupus patients and control subjects and were not influenced by the disease activity. Immunoperoxidase studies on kidney biopsies showed COX-1 staining in glomerular arterioles and other renal vessels, with no evident difference between lupus biopsies and control specimens taken from either individuals who were free of renal disease or patients with non-lupus nephropathies. In contrast, COX-2 staining was definitely stronger in specimens from patients with active LN than control specimens. In active LN, COX-2-specific staining was localized mainly in the glomeruli, with a weaker signal on tubuli and in the interstitium. Double-staining studies with an antibody against the macrophage marker CD68 and an anti-COX-2 antibody definitely showed that COX-2 and CD68 often colocalized on the same cell, with only occasional glomerular COX-2-stained mesangial areas. Patients with non-lupus nephropathies had no increase in renal COX-2 expression. These results indicate that COX-2 upregulation is a specific finding of active LN and that monocytes infiltrating the glomeruli contribute to the exaggerated local synthesis of TXA2. If this is correct, COX-2 may soon become a target for therapeutic intervention in this disease.

scholarly journals Possible interplay between estrogen and the BAFF may modify thyroid activity in Graves’ disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao-Wen Cheng ◽  
Wen-Fang Fang ◽  
Kam-Tsun Tang ◽  
Jiunn-Diann Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Graves Disease ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Autoimmune Thyroid ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
And Control

AbstractA link between sex hormones and B-cell activating factor (BAFF), a crucial immunoregulator of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), may exist. The study aimed to elucidate the role of estrogen (E2) in regulating BAFF in Graves' disease (GD). In clinical samples, serum BAFF levels were higher in women than in men in both the GD and control groups. serum BAFF levels were associated with thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibody levels and thyroid function only in women and not in men. BAFF transcripts in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were higher in women with GD than those in the control group. Among GD patients with the AA genotype of rs2893321, women had higher BAFF transcripts and protein levels than men. In the progression of a spontaneous autoimmune thyroiditis (SAT) murine model, NOD.H-2h4, serum free thyroxine and BAFF levels were higher in female than in male mice. Moreover, exogenous E2 treatment increased serum BAFF levels in male SAT mice. Meanwhile, female SAT mice exhibited higher thyroid BAFF transcripts levels than either the E2-treated or untreated male SAT mouse groups. Our results showed that E2 might be implicated in modulating BAFF expression, and support a possible mechanism for the higher incidence of AITD in women.

scholarly journals Unravelling Atrioventricular Block Risk in Inflammatory Diseases: Systemic Inflammation Acutely Delays Atrioventricular Conduction via a Cytokine‐Mediated Inhibition of Connexin43 Expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pietro Enea Lazzerini ◽  
Maurizio Acampa ◽  
Michael Cupelli ◽  
Alessandra Gamberucci ◽  
Ujala Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Atrioventricular Conduction ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
In Vivo Animal Model

Background Recent data suggest that systemic inflammation can negatively affect atrioventricular conduction, regardless of acute cardiac injury. Indeed, gap‐junctions containing connexin43 coupling cardiomyocytes and inflammation‐related cells (macrophages) are increasingly recognized as important factors regulating the conduction in the atrioventricular node. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acute impact of systemic inflammatory activation on atrioventricular conduction, and elucidate underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results We analyzed: (1) the PR‐interval in patients with inflammatory diseases of different origins during active phase and recovery, and its association with inflammatory markers; (2) the existing correlation between connexin43 expression in the cardiac tissue and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and the changes occurring in patients with inflammatory diseases over time; (3) the acute effects of interleukin(IL)‐6 on atrioventricular conduction in an in vivo animal model, and on connexin43 expression in vitro. In patients with elevated C‐reactive protein levels, atrioventricular conduction indices are increased, but promptly normalized in association with inflammatory markers reduction, particularly IL‐6. In these subjects, connexin43 expression in PBMC, which is correlative of that measured in the cardiac tissue, inversely associated with IL‐6 changes. Moreover, direct IL‐6 administration increased atrioventricular conduction indices in vivo in a guinea pig model, and IL‐6 incubation in both cardiomyocytes and macrophages in culture, significantly reduced connexin43 proteins expression. Conclusions The data evidence that systemic inflammation can acutely worsen atrioventricular conduction, and that IL‐6‐induced down‐regulation of cardiac connexin43 is a mechanistic pathway putatively involved in the process. Though reversible, these alterations could significantly increase the risk of severe atrioventricular blocks during active inflammatory processes.

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