scholarly journals Imaging Metabolically Active Fat: A Literature Review and Mechanistic Insights

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (21) ◽  
pp. 5509
Author(s):  
Joseph Frankl ◽  
Amber Sherwood ◽  
Deborah J. Clegg ◽  
Philipp E. Scherer ◽  
Orhan K. Öz
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cancer Surveillance ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Currently, obesity is one of the leading causes death in the world. Shortly before 2000, researchers began describing metabolically active adipose tissue on cancer-surveillance 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in adult humans. This tissue generates heat through mitochondrial uncoupling and functions similar to classical brown and beige adipose tissue in mice. Despite extensive research, human brown/beige fat’s role in resistance to obesity in humans has not yet been fully delineated. FDG uptake is the de facto gold standard imaging technique when studying brown adipose tissue, although it has not been rigorously compared to other techniques. We, therefore, present a concise review of established and emerging methods to image brown adipose tissue activity in humans. Reviewed modalities include anatomic imaging with CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); molecular imaging with FDG, fatty acids, and acetate; and emerging techniques. FDG-PET/CT is the most commonly used modality because of its widespread use in cancer imaging, but there are mechanistic reasons to believe other radiotracers may be more sensitive and accurate at detecting brown adipose tissue activity. Radiation-free modalities may help the longitudinal study of brown adipose tissue activity in the future.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Brown Adipose Tissue Activity and Neoplastic Status: an 18F-FDG PET/CT Study in the Tropics

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung-Cheng Huang ◽  
Tai-Been Chen ◽  
Chien-Chin Hsu ◽  
Shau-Hsuan Li ◽  
Pei-Wen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals Brown Adipose Tissue - role in metabolic disorders

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 002
Author(s):  
Tahniyah Haq ◽  
Frank Joseph Ong ◽  
Sarah Kanji
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
Body Energy

Brown adipose tissue, a thermogenic organ, previously thought to be present in only small mammals and children has recently been identified in adult humans. Located primarily in the supraclavicular and cervical area, it produces heat by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation due to the unique presence of uncoupling protein 1 by a process called nonshivering thermogenesis. BAT activity depends on many factors including age, sex, adiposity and outdoor temperature. Positron-emission tomography using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and computed tomography (18F-FDG PET–CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and thermal imaging (IRT) are among several methods used to detect BAT in humans. The importance of BAT is due to its role in whole body energy expenditure and fuel metabolism. Thus it is postulated that it may be useful in the treatment of metabolic diseases. However, there are still many unanswered questions to the clinical usefulness of this novel tissue. IMC J Med Sci 2019; 13(1): 002

scholarly journals Measurement of Brown Adipose Tissue Activity Using Microwave Radiometry and18F-FDG PET/CT

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 1243-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Crandall ◽  
Joo H. O ◽  
Prateek Gajwani ◽  
Jeffrey P. Leal ◽  
Daniel D. Mawhinney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Microwave Radiometry ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Interobserver and intraobserver variability for the assessment of brown adipose tissue activity on 18F-FDG PET-CT

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lonneke Bahler ◽  
Frits Holleman ◽  
Jan Booij ◽  
Joost B. Hoekstra ◽  
Hein J. Verberne
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Intraobserver Variability ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
18F Fdg ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue Activity ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

scholarly journals Assessment of the Aging of the Brown Adipose Tissue by 18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging in the Progeria Mouse Model Lmna−/−

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengjie Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Xu ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Yongheng Gao ◽  
Fei Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Ct Imaging ◽  
Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is an important energy metabolic organ that is highly implicated in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Aging is one of the most important determinants of BAT activity. In this study, we used 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging to assess BAT aging in Lmna−/− mice. The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVMax) of the BAT was measured, and the target/nontarget (T/NT) values of BAT were calculated. The transcription and the protein expression levels of the uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), beta3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR), and the PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting or immunohistochemical analysis. Apoptosis and cell senescence rates in the BAT of WT and Lmna−/− mice were determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and by CDKN2A/p16INK4a immunohistochemical staining, respectively. At 14 weeks of age, the BAT SUVMax and the expression levels of UCP1, β3-AR, and PRDM16 in Lmna−/− mice were significantly reduced relative to WT mice. At the same time, the number of p16INK4a and TUNEL positively stained cells (%) increased in Lmna−/− mice. Collectively, our results indicate that the aging characteristics and the aging regulatory mechanism in the BAT of Lmna−/− mice can mimic the normal BAT aging process.

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