scholarly journals Advances in the Mechanisms of Plant Tolerance to Manganese Toxicity

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 5096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifu Li ◽  
Yidan Jia ◽  
Rongshu Dong ◽  
Rui Huang ◽  
Pandao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Adaptive Strategies ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Mn Toxicity ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Wide Range

Manganese (Mn) is an essential element for plant growth due to its participation in a series of physiological and metabolic processes. Mn is also considered a heavy metal that causes phytotoxicity when present in excess, disrupting photosynthesis and enzyme activity in plants. Thus, Mn toxicity is a major constraint limiting plant growth and production, especially in acid soils. To cope with Mn toxicity, plants have evolved a wide range of adaptive strategies to improve their growth under this stress. Mn tolerance mechanisms include activation of the antioxidant system, regulation of Mn uptake and homeostasis, and compartmentalization of Mn into subcellular compartments (e.g., vacuoles, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and cell walls). In this regard, numerous genes are involved in specific pathways controlling Mn detoxification. Here, we summarize the recent advances in the mechanisms of Mn toxicity tolerance in plants and highlight the roles of genes responsible for Mn uptake, translocation, and distribution, contributing to Mn detoxification. We hope this review will provide a comprehensive understanding of the adaptive strategies of plants to Mn toxicity through gene regulation, which will aid in breeding crop varieties with Mn tolerance via genetic improvement approaches, enhancing the yield and quality of crops.

scholarly journals Effect of NPK on Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Capsicum (Capsicum annum L.) c.v. Swarna Under Shade Net Condition

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1085-1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar Dubey ◽  
Devi Singh ◽  
Pranjal Singh Rajput ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Ajay Kumar Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Yield And Quality

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Amino Acids Improves the Growth and Yield of Lettuce by Enhancing Photosynthetic Assimilation and Nutrient Availability

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shumaila Khan ◽  
Hongjun Yu ◽  
Qiang Li ◽  
Yinan Gao ◽  
Basheer Noman Sallam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Plant Area ◽  
Butterhead Lettuce ◽  
Photosynthetic Assimilation

As natural plant growth stimulators, amino acids are widely used to improve the yield and quality of crops. Several studies have illustrated the effects of different amino acids on lettuce plant parts. However, the effects of applying single amino acids on root growth remain elusive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of root application of L-methionine on the growth of lettuce. In this study, two successive experiments on butterhead lettuce were conducted under hydroponic conditions. Three amino acids, L-methionine (20 mg/L), L-glycine (210 mg/L), and L-tryptophan (220 mg/L), were applied separately. L-methionine significantly increased the growth performance by 23.60%, whereas growth using L-tryptophan and L-glycine decreased by 98.78% and 27.45%, respectively. Considering the results of the first experiment, a second experiment was established with different concentrations of L-methionine (2200 mg/L, 220 mg/L, 22 mg/L, 2.2 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, and 0.02 mg/L). The plants were allowed to grow for four weeks. Leaf width, plant area, leaf area, chlorophyll contents, etc., were evaluated. The results show that plant growth significantly improved by applying L-methionine at the lowest concentrations of 0.2 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L, which can, therefore, improve hydroponic production of lettuce and, accordingly, human nutrition.

Assessment of Seed Yield and Quality of Winter Oilseed Rape Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters of Pods

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-242
Author(s):  
Haixia Xu ◽  
Haiyan Cen ◽  
Zhihong Ma ◽  
Liang Wan ◽  
Weijun Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Jip Test ◽  
N Application ◽  
Fluorescence Parameters ◽  
Crop Varieties ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Agronomic Management

Abstract. Oilseed rape is one of the leading sources of vegetable oil in the world. Maximizing the seed yield and quality is crucial to improve the profit for farmers and meet the increasing consumer demand for healthy vegetable oil. However, the current evaluation process of seed yield and quality is tedious and inefficient due to its dependence on wet chemistry methods and/or manual measurements of small sample sizes. Because the photosynthesis of pods plays an important role in the accumulation of grain filling, this research aimed to evaluate the seed yield and quality of oilseed rape by using chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) parameters. The OJIP kinetics of rape pods were acquired in two independent experiments with different levels of nitrogen (N) application and different crop varieties, respectively. The JIP-test showed that the level of N fertilizer can influence the plant photosynthetic capacity and crop productivity, and the photosynthetic response also varied in the different varieties. The maximum quantum yield for primary photochemistry (Fv/Fm) was a sensitive indicator for evaluating the performance of photosystem II (PSII) activity with the different N applications and varieties. Increased quantum yield and efficiency with more active reaction centers (RCs) were observed under increased N application as well as with variety GY605, leading to higher energy utilization efficiencies. However, superior photosynthetic apparatus in pods is not recommended in high-quality seed breeding because it would increase the contents of glucosinolates and erucic acid. In addition, the random forest (RF) algorithm was proven to be effective in feature selection, and the selected fluorescence parameters mostly showed high correlations with seed yield and quality. These results demonstrate the potential of the ChlF method for assessing the seed yield and quality of oilseed rape at the early podding stage, which could also be useful for advancing crop breeding and improving agronomic management. Keywords: Agronomic management, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Crop varieties, JIP-test, Oilseed rape, Seed quality, Seed yield.

Effects of Planting on Different Sides of the Ridge on Emergence, Plant Growth, Yield and Quality of Potato (Solanum tuberosum) in the Sudan

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Southern Side ◽  
Northern Side

SUMMARYThe effects of planting potato tubers on four different sides of two ridge orientations was investigated. Soil temperature was coolest on the northern side, followed by the western, eastern and southern sides. Fifty percent emergence took place in 24, 42 and 49 days for tubers planted on the northern, western and eastern sides, respectively. Only 22% of tubers planted on the southern side emerged. The best yield and quality was obtained by planting on the northern side, followed successively by the eastern, western and southern sides of the ridge.

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