scholarly journals Ultrafine Particles from Residential Biomass Combustion: A Review on Experimental Data and Toxicological Response

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (20) ◽  
pp. 4992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corsini ◽  
Marinovich ◽  
Vecchi
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Particulate Matter Emission ◽  
Residential Heating ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Biomass burning is considered an important source of indoor and outdoor air pollutants worldwide. Due to competitive costs and climate change sustainability compared to fossil fuels, biomass combustion for residential heating is increasing and expected to become the major source of primary particulate matter emission over the next 5–15 years. The understanding of health effects and measures necessary to reduce biomass emissions of harmful compounds is mandatory to protect public health. The intent of this review is to report available data on ultrafine particles (UFPs, i.e., particles with diameter smaller than 100 nm) emitted by residential biomass combustion and their effects on human health (in vitro and in vivo studies). Indeed, as far as we know, papers focusing specifically on UFPs originating from residential biomass combustion and their impact on human health are still lacking.

scholarly journals Exposure to airborne gold nanoparticles: a review of current toxicological data on the respiratory tract

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara De Berardis ◽  
Magda Marchetti ◽  
Anna Risuglia ◽  
Federica Ietto ◽  
Carla Fanizza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Engineered Nanoparticles ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
The Impact

AbstractIn recent years, the introduction of innovative low-cost and large-scale processes for the synthesis of engineered nanoparticles with at least one dimension less than 100 nm has led to countless useful and extensive applications. In this context, gold nanoparticles stimulated a growing interest, due to their peculiar characteristics such as ease of synthesis, chemical stability and optical properties. This stirred the development of numerous applications especially in the biomedical field. Exposure of manufacturers and consumers to industrial products containing nanoparticles poses a potential risk to human health and the environment. Despite this, the precise mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity have not yet been fully elucidated. It is well known that the three main routes of exposure to nanomaterials are by inhalation, ingestion and through the skin, with inhalation being the most common route of exposure to NPs in the workplace. To provide a complete picture of the impact of inhaled gold nanoparticles on human health, in this article, we review the current knowledge about the physico-chemical characteristics of this nanomaterial, in the size range of 1–100 nm, and its toxicity for pulmonary structures both in vitro and in vivo. Studies comparing the toxic effect of NPs larger than 100 nm (up to 250 nm) are also discussed.

scholarly journals Welding Fumes, a Risk Factor for Lung Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Grazia Riccelli ◽  
Matteo Goldoni ◽  
Diana Poli ◽  
Paola Mozzoni ◽  
Delia Cavallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Technical Information ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Welding Fumes

(1) Background: Welding fumes (WFs) are composed of fine and ultrafine particles, which may reach the distal airways and represent a risk factor for respiratory diseases. (2) Methods: In vitro and in vivo studies to understand WFs pathogenesis were selected. Epidemiological studies, original articles, review, and meta-analysis to examine solely respiratory disease in welders were included. A systematic literature search, using PubMed, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Technical Information Center (NIOSHTIC), and Web of Science databases, was performed. (3) Results: Dose, time of exposure, and composition of WFs affect lung injury. Inflammation, lung defense suppression, oxidative stress, DNA damage, and genotoxic effects were observed after exposure both to mild and stainless steel WFs. (4) Conclusions: The detection of lung diseases associated with specific occupational exposure is crucial as complete avoidance or reduction of the exposure is difficult to achieve. Further studies in the area of particle research may aid the understanding of mechanisms involved in welding-related lung disease and to expand knowledge in welding-related cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Ultrafine particles affect the balance of endogenous pro- and anti-inflammatory lipid mediators in the lung: in-vitro and in-vivo studies

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Beck-Speier ◽  
Erwin Karg ◽  
Heidrun Behrendt ◽  
Tobias Stoeger ◽  
Francesca Alessandrini
Keyword(s):  
Ultrafine Particles ◽  
Lipid Mediators ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Nutraceuticals with anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties as intervention for reducing the health effects of fine particulate matter: Potential and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Trushna ◽  
Amit K. Tripathi ◽  
Sindhuprava Rana ◽  
Rajnarayan R. Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

: Air pollution, especially particulate matter pollution adversely affects human health. A growing pool of evidence has emerged which underscores the potential of individual-level nutritional interventions in attenuating the adverse health impact of exposure to PM2.5. Although controlling emission and reducing the overall levels of air pollution remains the ultimate objective globally, the sustainable achievement of such a target and thus consequent protection of human health will require a substantial amount of time and concerted efforts worldwide. In the meantime, smaller-scale individual-level interventions that can counter the inflammatory or oxidative stress effects triggered by exposure to particulate matter may be utilized to ameliorate the health effects of PM2.5 pollution. One such intervention is incorporation of nutraceuticals in the diet. Here, we present a review of the evidence generated from various in vitro, in vivo and human studies regarding the effects of different anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nutraceuticals in ameliorating the health effects of particulate matter air pollution. The studies discussed in this review suggest that these nutraceuticals when consumed as a part of the diet, or as additional supplementation, can potentially negate the cellular level adverse effects of exposure to particulate pollution. The potential benefits of adopting a non-pharmacological diet-based approach to air pollution-induced disease management have also been discussed. We argue that before a nutraceuticals-based approach can be used for widespread public adoption, further research, especially human clinical trials, is essential to confirm the beneficial action of relevant nutraceuticals and to explore the safe limits of human supplementation and the risk of side effects. Future research should focus on systematically translating bench-based knowledge regarding nutraceuticals gained from in-vitro and in-vivo studies into clinically usable nutritional guidelines.

Gaultheria Ethnobotany and Bioactivity: Blueberry Relatives with Anti-inflammatory, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Constituents

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (38) ◽  
pp. 5168-5176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin-sheng Luo ◽  
Rong-hui Gu ◽  
Edward J. Kennelly ◽  
Chun-lin Long
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Literature Searches ◽  
Ethnobotanical Uses

Gaultheria, a genus belonging to the Ericaceae family, is typically a shrub that produces berries, and closely resembles the blueberry genus Vaccinium. Gaultheria species are used worldwide especially as food and medicine in China. Certain Gaultheria species are biologically active, as antioxidants, anti-inflammatories, and cytotoxic agents. Through literature searches and field surveys, the results of ethnobotanical uses, especially in China, as well as in vitro and in vivo studies are reviewed critically. This review examines the chemistry and bioactivity of this under-studied plant genus, and thus lays the groundwork for its future development for human health.

scholarly journals Influence of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Human Health and the Environment

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2354
Author(s):  
Mohammad Mamunur Rashid ◽  
Petra Forte Tavčer ◽  
Brigita Tomšič
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Added Value ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
The Impact

Nanotechnology has enabled tremendous breakthroughs in the development of materials and, nowadays, is well established in various economic fields. Among the various nanomaterials, TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) occupy a special position, as they are distinguished by their high availability, high photocatalytic activity, and favorable price, which make them useful in the production of paints, plastics, paper, cosmetics, food, furniture, etc. In textiles, TiO2 NPs are widely used in chemical finishing processes to impart various protective functional properties to the fibers for the production of high-tech textile products with high added value. Such applications contribute to the overall consumption of TiO2 NPs, which gives rise to reasonable considerations about the impact of TiO2 NPs on human health and the environment, and debates regarding whether the extent of the benefits gained from the use of TiO2 NPs justifies the potential risks. In this study, different TiO2 NPs exposure modes are discussed, and their toxicity mechanisms—evaluated in various in vitro and in vivo studies—are briefly described, considering the molecular interactions with human health and the environment. In addition, in the conclusion of this study, the toxicity and biocompatibility of TiO2 NPs are discussed, along with relevant risk management strategies.

In vitro and in vivo studies of new cationic Zn(II)‐benzonaphthoporphyrazines as photosensitizers for PDT

2001 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 645-651
Author(s):  
M. Peeva ◽  
M. Shopova ◽  
U. Michelsen ◽  
D. Wöhrle ◽  
G. Petrov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vivo Studies

Effect of caffeine on theophyliine on cerebral blood flow response to brain activation: In vitro and in vivo studies

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. S198-S198
Author(s):  
Joseph R Meno ◽  
Thien-son K Nguyen ◽  
Elise M Jensen ◽  
G Alexander West ◽  
Leonid Groysman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Brain Activation ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Blood Flow Response ◽  
Flow Response

Effects of Unfractionated and Low Molecular Weight Heparins on Platelet Thromboxane Biosynthesis “In Vivo”

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (06) ◽  
pp. 942-946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Landolfi ◽  
Erica De Candia ◽  
Bianca Rocca ◽  
Giovanni Ciabattoni ◽  
Armando Antinori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Heparin Administration ◽  
To Receive

SummarySeveral “in vitro” and “in vivo” studies indicate that heparin administration may affect platelet function. In this study we investigated the effects of prophylactic heparin on thromboxane (Tx)A2 biosynthesis “in vivo”, as assessed by the urinary excretion of major enzymatic metabolites 11-dehydro-TxB2 and 2,3-dinor-TxB2. Twenty-four patients who were candidates for cholecystectomy because of uncomplicated lithiasis were randomly assigned to receive placebo, unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin or unfractionaed heparin plus 100 mg aspirin. Measurements of daily excretion of Tx metabolites were performed before and during the treatment. In the groups assigned to placebo and to low molecular weight heparin there was no statistically significant modification of Tx metabolite excretion while patients receiving unfractionated heparin had a significant increase of both metabolites (11-dehydro-TxB2: 3844 ± 1388 vs 2092 ±777, p <0.05; 2,3-dinor-TxB2: 2737 ± 808 vs 1535 ± 771 pg/mg creatinine, p <0.05). In patients randomized to receive low-dose aspirin plus unfractionated heparin the excretion of the two metabolites was largely suppressed thus suggesting that platelets are the primary source of enhanced thromboxane biosynthesis associated with heparin administration. These data indicate that unfractionated heparin causes platelet activation “in vivo” and suggest that the use of low molecular weight heparin may avoid this complication.

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