scholarly journals Combinatorial Epigenetics Impact of Polyphenols and Phytochemicals in Cancer Prevention and Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 4567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arora ◽  
Sharma ◽  
Tollefsbol
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cancer Society ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mirnas Expression ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Polyphenols are potent micronutrients that can be found in large quantities in various food sources and spices. These compounds, also known as phenolics due to their phenolic structure, play a vital nutrient-based role in the prevention of various diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, liver disease, and cancers. However, the function of polyphenols in disease prevention and therapy depends on their dietary consumption and biological properties. According to American Cancer Society statistics, there will be an expected rise of 23.6 million new cancer cases by 2030. Due to the severity of the increased risk, it is important to evaluate various preventive measures associated with cancer. Relatively recently, numerous studies have indicated that various dietary polyphenols and phytochemicals possess properties of modifying epigenetic mechanisms that modulate gene expression resulting in regulation of cancer. These polyphenols and phytochemicals, when administrated in a dose-dependent and combinatorial-based manner, can have an enhanced effect on epigenetic changes, which play a crucial role in cancer prevention and therapy. Hence, this review will focus on the mechanisms of combined polyphenols and phytochemicals that can impact various epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation and histone modifications as well as regulation of non-coding miRNAs expression for treatment and prevention of various types of cancer.

scholarly journals When Polyphenols Meet Sphingolipids: Cancer Prevention and Therapy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele Dei Cas ◽  
Riccardo Ghidoni
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Plant Foods ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

The latest scientific literature outlines a resilient interconnection between cancer modulation and dietary polyphenols by sphingolipid-mediated mechanisms, usually correlated with a modification of their metabolism. We aim to extensively survey this relation to show how it could be advantageous in cancer treatment or prevention by nutrients. Polyphenols, chemically characterized by polyhydroxylated phenolic structure, are well known for their pervasive pharmacological properties: anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antiseptic, antitumor, antiallergic, cardioprotective and others. Pervasive is also their distribution in food products especially in plant foods as vegetables, cereals, legumes, fruits, nuts and beverages as wine, cider, beer, tea, cocoa. Recently, sphingolipids have been correlated with cancer by a dysregulation of their rheostat emerging as mediator of cell proliferation in cancer and modulator of chemotherapeutics.

Another look at dietary polyphenols: challenges in cancer prevention and treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Arrigoni ◽  
Andrea Ballini ◽  
Luigi Santacroce ◽  
Stefania Cantore ◽  
Angelo Inchingolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Fruit And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Metabolic Interaction ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

: Cancer is a pathology that impacts in a profound manner people all over the world. The election strategy against cancer often uses chemotherapy and radiotherapy, which more often than not can present many side effects and not always reliable efficacy. By contrast, it is widely known that a diet rich in fruit and vegetables has a protective effect against cancer insurgence and development. Polyphenols are generally believed to be responsible for those beneficial actions, at least partially. In this review, we highlight the metabolic interaction between polyphenols and our metabolism and discuss their potential for anticancer prevention and therapy.

scholarly journals Flaxseed Lignans as Important Dietary Polyphenols for Cancer Prevention and Treatment: Chemistry, Pharmacokinetics, and Molecular Targets

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Franklyn De Silva ◽  
Jane Alcorn
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Effective Prevention ◽  
Biological Targets ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Flaxseed Lignans ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Cancer causes considerable morbidity and mortality across the world. Socioeconomic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contribute to the increasing cancer prevalence, bespeaking a need for effective prevention and treatment strategies. Phytochemicals like plant polyphenols are generally considered to have anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, and immunomodulatory effects, which explain their promotion for human health. The past several decades have contributed to a growing evidence base in the literature that demonstrate ability of polyphenols to modulate multiple targets of carcinogenesis linking models of cancer characteristics (i.e., hallmarks and nutraceutical-based targeting of cancer) via direct or indirect interaction or modulation of cellular and molecular targets. This evidence is particularly relevant for the lignans, an ubiquitous, important class of dietary polyphenols present in high levels in food sources such as flaxseed. Literature evidence on lignans suggests potential benefit in cancer prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the relevant chemical and pharmacokinetic properties of dietary polyphenols and specifically focuses on the biological targets of flaxseed lignans. The consolidation of the considerable body of data on the diverse targets of the lignans will aid continued research into their potential for use in combination with other cancer chemotherapies, utilizing flaxseed lignan-enriched natural products.

scholarly journals Modulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB Signaling Pathways by Naturally Occurring Compounds in Relation to Cancer Prevention and Therapy. Are Combinations Better Than Single Compounds?

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 8223
Author(s):  
Violetta Krajka-Kuźniak ◽  
Wanda Baer-Dubowska
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Antioxidant Response ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Prevention And Therapy

Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) and NF-κB (nuclear factor–kappa B) signaling pathways play a central role in suppressing or inducing inflammation and angiogenesis processes. Therefore, they are involved in many steps of carcinogenesis through cooperation with multiple signaling molecules and pathways. Targeting both transcription factors simultaneously may be considered an equally important strategy for cancer chemoprevention and therapy. Several hundreds of phytochemicals, mainly edible plant and vegetable components, were shown to activate Nrf2 and mediate antioxidant response. A similar number of phytochemicals was revealed to affect NF-κB. While activation of Nrf2 and inhibition of NF-κB may protect normal cells against cancer initiation and promotion, enhanced expression and activation in cancer cells may lead to resistance to conventional chemo- or radiotherapy. Most phytochemicals, through different mechanisms, activate Nrf2, but others, such as luteolin, can act as inhibitors of both Nrf2 and NF-κB. Despite many experimental data confirming the above mechanisms currently, limited evidence exists demonstrating such activity in humans. Combinations of phytochemicals resembling that in a natural food matrix but allowing higher concentrations may improve their modulating effect on Nrf2 and NF-κB and ultimately cancer prevention and therapy. This review presents the current knowledge on the effect of selected phytochemicals and their combinations on Nrf2 and NF-κB activities in the above context.

scholarly journals Towards refining WCRF/AICR cancer prevention recommendations for red and processed meat intake: Insights from Alberta’s Tomorrow Project cohort

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-38
Author(s):  
Ala Al Rajabi ◽  
Geraldine Lo Siou ◽  
Alianu K. Akawung ◽  
Kathryn L McDonald ◽  
Tiffany R. Price ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Carcinogenic Effect ◽  
Meat Intake ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Red Meats ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

ABSTRACT Current cancer prevention recommendations advise limiting red meat intake to <500g/week and avoiding consumption of processed meat, but do not differentiate the source of processed meat. We examined the associations of processed meat derived from red vs. non-red meats with cancer risk in a prospective cohort of 26,218 adults who reported dietary intake using the Canadian Diet History Questionnaire. Incidence of cancer was obtained through data linkage with Alberta Cancer Registry with median (IQR) follow-up of 13.3 (5.1) years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were adjusted for covariates and stratified by age and gender. The median (IQR) consumption (g/week) of red meat, processed meat from red meat and processed meat from non-red meat were 267.9 (269.9), 53.6 (83.3), and 11.9 (31.8), respectively. High intakes (4th Quartile) of processed meat from red meat was associated with increased risk of gastro-intestinal cancer Adjusted Hazard Ratio (AHR) (95% CI): 1.68 (1.09 – 2.57) and colorectal cancers AHR (95% CI): 1.90 (1.12 – 3.22), respectively in women. No statistically significant associations were observed for intakes of red meat or processed meat from non-red meat. Results suggests that the carcinogenic effect associated with processed meat intake may be limited to processed meat derived from red meats. The findings provide preliminary evidence toward refining cancer prevention recommendations for red and processed meat intake.

scholarly journals Validity of a food frequency questionnaire for the estimation of total polyphenol intake estimates and its major food sources in the Japanese population: the JPHC FFQ Validation Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagisa Mori ◽  
Norie Sawada ◽  
Junko Ishihara ◽  
Ayaka Kotemori ◽  
Ribeka Takachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Validation Study ◽  
Food Frequency Questionnaire ◽  
Japanese Population ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Total Polyphenol ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Dietary Record ◽  
Polyphenol Intake

Abstract We examine the validity and reproducibility of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in a subsample of participants in the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Cohort Study using a database of polyphenol-containing foods commonly consumed in the Japanese population. Participants of the validation study were recruited from two different cohorts. In Cohort I, 215 participants completed a 28-d dietary record (DR) and the FFQ, and in Cohort II, 350 participants completed DRs and the FFQ. The total polyphenol intake estimated from the 28-d DR and FFQ were log-transformed and adjusted for energy intake by the residual method. Spearman correlation coefficients (CCs) between estimates from the FFQ and 28-d DR as well as two FFQs administered at a 1-year interval were computed. Median intakes of dietary polyphenols calculated from the DRs were 1172 mg/d for men and 1024 mg/d for women in Cohort I, and 1061 mg/d for men and 942 mg/d for women in Cohort II. The de-attenuated CCs for polyphenol intake between the DR and FFQ were 0⋅47 for men and 0⋅37 for women in Cohort I and 0⋅44 for men and 0⋅50 for women in Cohort II. Non-alcoholic beverages were the main contributor to total polyphenol intake in both men and women, accounting for 50 % of total polyphenol intake regardless of cohort and gender, followed by alcoholic beverages and seasoning and spices in men, and seasoning and spices, fruits and other vegetables in women. The present study showed that this FFQ had moderate validity and reproducibility and is suitable for use in future epidemiological studies.

scholarly journals MicroRNA as Biomarkers for Platelet Function and Maturity in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Buchhave Pedersen ◽  
Erik Lerkevang Grove ◽  
Steen Dalby Kristensen ◽  
Peter H. Nissen ◽  
Anne-Mette Hvas
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Platelet Reactivity ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Quality Assessment Tool ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractPatients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are at increased risk of suffering myocardial infarction. Platelets are key players in thrombus formation and, therefore, antiplatelet therapy is crucial in the treatment and prevention of CVD. MicroRNAs (miRs) may hold the potential as biomarkers for platelet function and maturity. This systematic review was conducted using the guidelines of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). To identify studies investigating the association between miRs and platelet function and maturity in patients with CVD, PubMed and Embase were searched on October 13 and December 13, 2020 without time boundaries. Risk of bias was evaluated using a standardized quality assessment tool. Of the 16 included studies, 6 studies were rated “good” and 10 studies were rated “fair.” In total, 45 miRs correlated significantly with platelet function or maturity (rho ranging from –0.68 to 0.38, all p < 0.05) or differed significantly between patients with high platelet reactivity and patients with low platelet reactivity (p-values ranging from 0.0001 to 0.05). Only four miRs were investigated in more than two studies, namely miR-223, miR-126, miR-21 and miR-150. Only one study reported on the association between miRs and platelet maturity. In conclusion, a total of 45 miRs were associated with platelet function or maturity in patients with CVD, with miR-223 and miR-126 being the most frequently investigated. However, the majority of the miRs were only investigated in one study. More data are needed on the potential use of miRs as biomarkers for platelet function and maturity in CVD patients.

scholarly journals Paternal smoking is associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss in a dose-dependent manner: a systematic review and meta-analysis

F&S Reviews ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia A. du Fossé ◽  
Marie-Louise P. van der Hoorn ◽  
Nina H. Buisman ◽  
Jan M.M. van Lith ◽  
S askia le Cessie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Pregnancy Loss ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Paternal Smoking

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effects of Polyphenol Intake: Current Status and Future Possibilities

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (16) ◽  
pp. 5642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariarosaria Boccellino ◽  
Stefania D’Angelo
Keyword(s):  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Food Supplement ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Increase Energy Expenditure ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Polyphenol Intake ◽  
Study Designs

The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased worldwide over the past three decades. The conventional approaches to prevent or treat this syndrome and its associated complications include a balanced diet, an increase energy expenditure, and lifestyle modification. Multiple pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions have been developed with the aim of improving obesity complications. Recently, the use of functional foods and their bioactive components is considered a new approach in the prevention and management of this disease. Due to their biological properties, polyphenols may be considered as nutraceuticals and food supplement recommended for different syndromes. Polyphenols are a class of naturally-occurring phytochemicals, some of which have been shown to modulate physiological and molecular pathways involved in energy metabolism. Polyphenols could act in the stimulation of β-oxidation, adipocyte differentiation inhibition, counteract oxidative stress, etc. In this narrative review, we considered the association between polyphenols (resveratrol, quercetin, curcumin, and some polyphenolic extracts) and obesity, focusing on human trials. The health effects of polyphenols depend on the amount consumed and their bioavailability. Some results are contrasting, probably due to the various study designs and lengths, variation among subjects (age, gender, ethnicity), and chemical forms of the dietary polyphenols used. But, in conclusion, the data so far obtained encourage the setting of new trials, necessary to validate benefic role of polyphenols in obese individuals.

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