scholarly journals A Cerato-Platanin Family Protein FocCP1 Is Essential for the Penetration and Virulence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwen Liu ◽  
Bo Wu ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Fangcheng Bi ◽  
Tao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Virulence Factor ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Penetration Ability ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽  
Race 4

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) is well-known as the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of banana and is one of the most destructive phytopathogens for banana plants. The molecular mechanisms underlying Foc TR4 virulence remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that a cerato-platanin (CP) protein, FocCP1, functions as a virulence factor that is required by Foc TR4 for penetration and full virulence. The FocCP1 gene was expressed in every condition studied, showing a high transcript level in planta at the early stage of infection. Infiltration of the recombinant FocCP1 protein induced significant cell death and upregulated defence-related gene expression. FocCP1 knock-out strains showed a significant decrease in aerial growth rather than aqueous growth, which is reminiscent of hydrophobins. Furthermore, deletion of FocCP1 significantly reduced virulence and dramatically reduced infective growth in banana roots, likely resulting from a defective penetration ability. Taken together, the results of this study provide novel insight into the function of the recently identified FocCP1 as a virulence factor in Foc TR4.

scholarly journals Unique Secreted in Xylem Genes in Banana-Infecting Endophytic Fusarium Oxysporum

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Rebecca Lyons ◽  
Elizabeth Czislowski ◽  
Isabel Zeil-Rolfe ◽  
Shubhdeep Kaur ◽  
Zhendong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Effector Proteins ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Banana Industry ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽  
Race 4 ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum Species Complex ◽  
Six Genes

Members of the Fusarium oxysporum species complex include pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates and infect a broad range of plant species. F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) causes the destructive Fusarium wilt of banana, and the recently emerged Foc tropical race 4 strain threatens the global banana industry. Secreted in xylem (SIX) genes encode for F. oxysporum effector proteins that are associated with virulence in pathogenic F. oxysporum, however they have rarely been reported from non-pathogenic F. oxysporum isolates. Our recent survey of asymptomatic banana plants grown in Foc-infested fields in Queensland and northern NSW revealed that diverse Fusarium spp, including F. oxysporum, reside in the plant roots and pseudostem without causing obvious damage to the plant. Intriguingly, we amplified SIX genes from several of the putative endophytic F. oxysporum isolates identified in the survey and found that they differ in their profile to known Foc SIX genes. To study the role of the endophytic F. oxysporum isolates in planta and the biological function of their SIX genes in more detail, we will re-inoculate cultivated and wild diploid banana lines with the endophytic F. oxysporum strains under glasshouse conditions to assess if they are non-pathogenic on banana. Secondly, we will determine whether the endophytic F. oxysporum SIX genes are expressed in planta and/or in vitro and look at the transcriptome changes occurring in the host following infection. Finally, endophytic F. oxysporum strains transformed with GFP will be used to investigate the extent of fungal colonisation in the plant.

scholarly journals The Effect of Temperature on Disease Severity and Growth of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii Races 2 and 4 in Celery

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukhwinder Kaur ◽  
Radwan Barakat ◽  
Jaskirat Kaur ◽  
Lynn Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Production Areas ◽  
Race 4 ◽  
Linear Regressions

Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii (Foa) race 4, which is in F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC) Clade 2, causes a new Fusarium wilt of celery. We compared Foa race 4 with race 2, which causes Fusarium yellows of celery and is in FOSC Clade 3. Optimal temperatures for celery yield are 16 to 18°C. Soil temperatures in California celery production areas can range up to 26°C, and the maximal rate of hyphal extension of Foa races 2 and 4 in culture are 25°C and 28°C, respectively. Here, we compared the effect of temperatures from 16 to 26°C on growth of Foa races 4 and 2 in two celery cultivars: Challenger, which is resistant to Foa race 2 and susceptible to race 4; and Sonora, which is susceptible to both Foa races 2 and 4. Based on linear regressions, as temperature increases, there is an increase in the log of Foa race 4 DNA concentration in celery crowns and in the reduction in plant height. Based on logistic regressions, as temperature increases, the incidence of vascular discoloration increases in celery with either Foa race 2 or 4 infection. In both cultivars, temperatures of 22°C and above resulted in a significantly (α=0.05) greater concentration of Foa race 4 than race 2 in planta. The concentration of Foa race 2 in crowns in Challenger is temperature-independent and comparatively low; consequently, Challenger is, at least partly, resistant rather than tolerant to Foa race 2.

scholarly journals Proteomic Analysis of Banana Vascular Sap Provides Insight Into Resistance Mechanisms to Fusarium Oxysporum F. Sp. Cubense Tropical Race 4

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Lina Liu ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
Alberto Cenci ◽  
Mathieu Rouard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Ubiquitin Ligase E3 ◽  
Protein Response ◽  
Race 4

Abstract Background: Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 (Foc TR4) is the causal agent of Fusarium wilt, and is the most destructive soil-borne and vascular invasive fungus of banana. The sap circulating in vascular cells transports proteins including those that might be involved in disease-resistance processes. However, there is no research to analyze changes in banana vascular sap protein response to TR4 to date. Results: To gain an integrated understanding of differential protein abundance in banana vascular sap during TR4 infection, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of vascular sap of the resistant ‘Pahang’ and the susceptible ‘Brazilian’ bananas inoculated with TR4. We identified 129 differential expression proteins (DEPs) between resistant and susceptible tested combinations. Of these DEPs, hypersensitive-induced response protein 1 (HIR1) and E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3) decreased in abundance in Pahang with no change in Brazilian under TR4 infection; chalcone isomerase (CHI) and glycine-rich RNA-binding protein (GRP) increased in abundance in Pahang but no significant changes in Brazilian under TR4 infection; carboxylesterase (CXE) and GDSL lipase (GLIP) were specifically in higher abundance in Pahang response to TR4 compared to that of Brazilian. It suggested that these proteins played important roles in bananas against TR4. Conclusions: Our study identified 129 DEPs in vascular sap between resistant and susceptible tested combinations. Of which, HIR1, E3, CHI, GRP, CXE and GLIP played important roles in bananas response to TR4. To our knowledge, this is first report to analyze changes in banana vascular sap proteins in response to TR4, which help us to explore the molecular mechanisms of banana defense to Fusarium wilt.

scholarly journals RNA-seq data of Ganoderma boninense at axenic culture condition and under in planta pathogen-oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) interaction

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mui Yun Wong ◽  
Nisha T. Govender ◽  
Chia Sui Ong
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Ganoderma Boninense ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Rot Disease

Abstract Objective Basal stem rot disease causes severe economic losses to oil palm production in South-east Asia and little is known on the pathogenicity of the pathogen, the basidiomyceteous Ganoderma boninense. Our data presented here aims to identify both the house-keeping and pathogenicity genes of G. boninense using Illumina sequencing reads. Description The hemibiotroph G. boninense establishes via root contact during early stage of colonization and subsequently kills the host tissue as the disease progresses. Information on the pathogenicity factors/genes that causes BSR remain poorly understood. In addition, the molecular expressions corresponding to G. boninense growth and pathogenicity are not reported. Here, six transcriptome datasets of G. boninense from two contrasting conditions (three biological replicates per condition) are presented. The first datasets, collected from a 7-day-old axenic condition provide an insight onto genes responsible for sustenance, growth and development of G. boninense while datasets of the infecting G. boninense collected from oil palm-G. boninense pathosystem (in planta condition) at 1 month post-inoculation offer a comprehensive avenue to understand G. boninense pathogenesis and infection especially in regard to molecular mechanisms and pathways. Raw sequences deposited in Sequence Read Archive (SRA) are available at NCBI SRA portal with PRJNA514399, bioproject ID.

scholarly journals LtEPG1, a Secretory Endopolygalacturonase Protein, Regulates the Virulence of Lasiodiplodia theobromae in Vitis vinifera and Is Recognized as a Microbe-Associated Molecular Patterns

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1727-1736
Author(s):  
K. W. Thilini Chethana ◽  
Junbo Peng ◽  
Xinghong Li ◽  
Qikai Xing ◽  
Mei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Transcript Level ◽  
Infection Process ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolases ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Lasiodiplodia Theobromae ◽  
Successful Infection ◽  
Molecular Patterns

The Lasiodiplodia theobromae genome encodes numerous glycoside hydrolases involved in organic matter degradation and conducive to pathogen infection, whereas their molecular mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here, we identified the glycoside hydrolase family 28 endopolygalacturonase LtEPG1 in L. theobromae and characterized its function in detail. LtEPG1 acts as a virulence factor during L. theobromae infection. Overexpression and silencing of LtEPG1 in L. theobromae led to significantly increased and decreased lesion areas, respectively. Further, the high transcript level of LtEPG1 during the infection process supported its virulence function. Polygalacturonase activity of LtEPG1 was substantiated by detecting its ability to degrade pectin. Furthermore, LtEPG1 functioned as microbe-associated molecular patterns during the infection process. Both transient expression of LtEPG1 in planta and infiltration of purified LtEPG1 triggered cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana. Site-directed mutation of LtEPG1 indicated that the enzymatic activity of LtEPG1 is independent from its elicitor activity. A protein kinase, KINβ1, was shown to interact in the yeast two‐hybrid system with LtEPG1. This interaction was further confirmed in vitro using a pull-down assay. Our data indicate that LtEPG1 functions as a polygalacturonase and also serves as an elicitor with two independent mechanisms. Moreover, LtEPG1 may be able to manipulate host immune responses by regulating the KINβ1-mediated signal pathway and consequently promote its own successful infection and symptom development.

scholarly journals Effect of in Planta Treatment of ‘Cavendish’ Banana with Herbicides and Fungicides on the Colonisation and Sporulation by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Subtropical Race 4

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Jay Anderson ◽  
Elizabeth Aitken
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Banana Production ◽  
Cavendish Banana ◽  
Green Fluorescent ◽  
Race 4

Fusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) is a significant constraint to banana production worldwide, with the recent expansion of banana growing regions impacted by Foc Tropical Race 4 (TR4). The lack of commercially acceptable Cavendish cultivars with Foc resistance means the only current means of effective control is through strict quarantine and inoculum management. One method of control that is currently advocated includes the removal of infected plants which have been killed using herbicide injections. The aim of this work was to examine the effect of herbicide and fungicide treatments on sporulation of the fungus. In glasshouse studies using a green fluorescent transformed Foc Subtropical Race 4 isolate, we found treatments with herbicide hastened colonisation of the banana tissue and the production of micro- and macroconidia. The use of a fungicide did not prevent sporulation of the fungus in such tissue. This study demonstrates that herbicide treated plants are a source of potential inoculum for infection of nearby plants.

scholarly journals Recent hybridization and allopolyploidy reprogrammed Spartina microRNA expression under xenobiotic induced stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armand Cavé-Radet ◽  
Armel Salmon ◽  
Loup Tran Van Canh ◽  
Richard L. Moyle ◽  
Lara-Simone Pretorius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Environmental Pollutants ◽  
In Planta ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Genome Doubling ◽  
Xenobiotic Detoxification ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Living Organisms

AbstractXenobiotic detoxification is a common trait of all living organisms, necessary for developmental plasticity and stress tolerance. The gene set involved in this biological process is dubbed the xenome (i.e. involved in drug metabolism in mammals, degradation of allelochemicals and environmental pollutants by bacteria and plant communities). Recently, we found that allopolyploidy increased tolerance to xenobiotics (phenanthrene) in Spartina. To decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying this process, we examined how interspecific hybridization and genome doubling impact miRNAs expression under xenobiotic induced stress. In this work we used a deep sequencing approach, and analyzed the parental species S. alterniflora and S. maritima, their F1 hybrid S. x townsendii and the allopolyploid S. anglica under phenanthrene exposure. We found that hybridization and genome doubling reprogrammed a myriad of miRNAs under phenanthrene-induced stress. Hence, to identify the master miRNAs involved in phenanthrene tolerance, we performed experimental functional validation of phenanthrene-responsive Spar-miRNAs using Arabidopsis T-DNA mutant lines inserted in homologous MIR genes, 39 knock out T-DNA Arabidopsis mutants, tagged in the most conserved miRNAs genes in vascular plants were screened. Development of MIR159 and MIR156 mutants was significantly affected under phenanthrene-induced stress. Subsequently, we performed in planta experimental validation to confirm the interaction between these miRNAs and their targets. These analyses suggest that MIR159 and MIR156 regulatory modules were targeted to induce the xenome relaxation and impact developmental plasticity responses in phylogenetically distant species under xenobiotic-induced stress. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Proteomic analysis of banana xylem sap provides insight into resistant mechanisms to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Lina Liu ◽  
Shu Li ◽  
Tingting Bai ◽  
Shengtao Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Induced Response ◽  
Soilborne Disease ◽  
Related Proteins ◽  
Race 4

Abstract Background Fusarium wilt is a destructive soilborne disease of banana caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense ( Foc ), especially Tropical Race 4 (TR4), which is a xylem-invading fungus. It was evident that xylem sap contained macromolecules, such as proteins, involved in disease-resistance processes. However, there is no research to analyze changes in banana xylem sap proteins response to TR4 to date. Methods To gain an integrated understanding of differential protein expression in banana xylem sap during TR4 infection, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of xylem sap in resistant ‘Pahang’ and susceptible ‘Brazilian’ bananas inoculated with TR4. Results A total of 1036 proteins were detected in xylem sap of both bananas, among which some proteins are involved in ‘signal transduction’, ‘environmental adaptation’, ‘biosynthesis of secondary metabolites’ and ‘lipid metabolism’, indicating that xylem sap contained defense-related proteins. A number of 129 differential expression proteins (DEPs) were identified in 4 possible pairs between resistant and susceptible tested combinations. Of these DEPs, hypersensitive-induced response protein 1 (HIR1), E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3) might play negative roles in ‘Pahang’ response to TR4 attack, whereas chalcone isomerase (CHI), glycine-rich RNA-binding protein (GRP), carboxylesterase (CXE) and GDSL lipase (GLIP) might play positive roles in ‘Pahang’ defense against TR4 infection. Conclusions Banana xylem sap contained defense-related proteins, among which HIRP1, E3, CHI, GRP, CXE and GLIP involved in banana defense against TR4. To our knowledge, this is first report to analyze changes in banana xylem sap proteins response to TR4, which help us to explore molecular mechanisms of banana resistant to Fusarium wilt.

scholarly journals Genome Data of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Race 1 and Tropical Race 4 Isolates Using Long-Read Sequencing

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1270-1272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingzi Yun ◽  
Aixia Song ◽  
JianDong Bao ◽  
Shasha Chen ◽  
Songmao Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Of Banana ◽  
Race 4 ◽  
Chromosome Level

Fusarium wilt of banana is caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense. We generated two chromosome-level assemblies of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 and tropical race 4 strains using single-molecule real-time sequencing. The F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1 and tropical race 4 assemblies had 35 and 29 contigs with contig N50 lengths of 2.08 and 4.28 Mb, respectively. These two new references genomes represent a greater than 100-fold improvement over the contig N50 statistics of the previous short-read-based F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense assemblies. The two high-quality assemblies reported here will be a valuable resource for the comparative analysis of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense races at the pathogenic level.

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