scholarly journals Gene–Environment Interactions on Body Fat Distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Li ◽  
Lu Qi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Diet And Lifestyle

The prevalence of obesity has been increasing markedly in the U.S. and worldwide in the past decades; and notably, the obese populations are signified by not only the overall elevated adiposity but also particularly harmful accumulation of body fat in the central region of the body, namely, abdominal obesity. The profound shift from “traditional” to “obesogenic” environments, principally featured by the abundance of palatable, energy-dense diet, reduced physical activity, and prolonged sedentary time, promotes the obesity epidemics and detrimental body fat distribution. Recent advances in genomics studies shed light on the genetic basis of obesity and body fat distribution. In addition, growing evidence from investigations in large cohorts and clinical trials has lent support to interactions between genetic variations and environmental factors, e.g., diet and lifestyle factors, in relation to obesity and body fat distribution. This review summarizes the recent discoveries from observational studies and randomized clinical trials on the gene–environment interactions on obesity and body fat distribution.

scholarly journals Changes in Body Fat Distribution in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Positive Individuals Initiating Current ART Regimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 900-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Tiraboschi ◽  
Antonio Navarro-Alcaraz ◽  
Dolors Giralt ◽  
Carmen Gomez-Vaquero ◽  
Maria Saumoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strand Transfer ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Mass Ratio

Abstract Objectives To describe the changes in body fat distribution (BFD) occurring over 60 months in a group of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals starting different antiretroviral regimens. Methods A prospective ongoing fat change assessment including clinical evaluation and dual X-ray absorptiometry scan is being conducted in all consecutive patients initiating ART from January 2008. Arm, leg, trunk, and total fat as well as fat mass ratio were determined. Results A total of 146 patients were included (80% male, 40% MSM). Mean age was 44 years, HIV-1 RNA was 4.98 log10 copies/mL, and CD4 count was 254 cells/μL. The most common initial antiretroviral combination included non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor (NNRTI) drugs followed by protease inhibitor (PI) and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens. At month 36, an increase was seen in the body mass index (BMI), total fat, trunk fat, and limb fat. The fat mass ratio (FMR) also showed a significant increase in both men and women (P = 0.001). In patients receiving NNRTI- or INSTI-based regimens (but not PIs), there was a marginal but statistically significant increase in the FMR (0.10 and 0.07, respectively; P = 0.01). Sixty-two subjects completed 60 months of follow-up. FMR showed a significant increase even in the PI group at this time point (P < 0.03). Conclusions We observed a significant increase in the fat and lean body mass in all compartments and treatment groups over 36 and 60 months. Clinically irrelevant differences were found in fat distribution regardless of the treatment group and baseline characteristics. The data suggest that current antiretroviral regimens have little impact on BFD during the first years of treatment.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Association Study of Body Fat Distribution identifies Novel Adiposity Loci and Sex-Specific Genetic Effects

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Rask-Andersen ◽  
Torgny Karlsson ◽  
Weronica E Ek ◽  
Åsa Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Genome Wide Association Study ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genome Wide Association ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide

Body mass and body fat composition are of clinical interest due to their links to cardiovascular- and metabolic diseases. Fat stored in the trunk has been suggested as more pathogenic compared to fat stored in other compartments of the body. In this study, we performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for the proportion of body fat distributed to the arms, legs and trunk estimated from segmental bio-electrical impedance analysis (sBIA) for 362,499 individuals from the UK Biobank. A total of 97 loci, were identified to be associated with body fat distribution, 40 of which have not previously been associated with an anthropometric trait. A high degree of sex-heterogeneity was observed and associations were primarily observed in females, particularly for distribution of fat to the legs or trunk. Our findings also implicate that body fat distribution in females involves mesenchyme derived tissues and cell types, female endocrine tissues a well as several enzymatically active members of the ADAMTS family of metalloproteinases, which are involved in extracellular matrix maintenance and remodeling.

scholarly journals Circulating betatrophin/ANGPTL8 levels correlate with body fat distribution in individuals with normal glucose tolerance but not those with glucose disorders

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Beverly S Hong ◽  
Yanbing Li
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Normal Glucose

Abstract Background: The relationship between betatrophin/ANGPTL8 and obesity has been investigated using body mass index (BMI); however, since BMI reflects overall adiposity rather than body fat distribution, it remains unclear whether fat deposition in different areas of the body affects betatrophin expression. Here, we investigated the correlation between circulating betatrophin levels and body fat distribution in patients with different glucose tolerance. Methods: In 128 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 64) or normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 64), we measured circulating betatrophin levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and body fat distribution (subcutaneous, visceral, and limb fat) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a body fat meter. Results: After controlling for age, sex, and BMI, betatrophin was correlated positively with visceral adipose tissue-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio ( VAT/SAT ratio; r = 0.339, p = 0.009) and negatively with body fat ratio (BFR; r = -0.275, p = 0.035), left lower limb fat ratio (LLR; r = -0.330, p = 0.011), and right lower limb fat ratio (RLR; r = -0.288, p = 0.027) in the NGT group, with these correlations remaining after controlling for triglycerides. VAT/SAT ratio (standardized β = 0.419, p = 0.001) was independently associated with serum betatrophin levels; however, betatrophin was not associated with body fat distribution variables in the IGT group. Conclusions: Circulating betatrophin levels correlated positively with VAT/SAT ratio and negatively with lower limb fat, but not subcutaneous or upper limb fat, in individuals with normal glucose tolerance. Thus, betatrophin may be a poten­tial biomarker for body fat distribution in individuals without glucose disorders.

scholarly journals Association of Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand with Body Fat Distribution as Assessed by Dual X-Rays Absorptiometry

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Cervellati ◽  
Paola Secchiero ◽  
Gloria Bonaccorsi ◽  
Claudio Celeghini ◽  
Giorgio Zauli
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Necrosis Factor ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Tumor Necrosis ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Necrosis Factor

A low chronic inflammation mediated by cytokine release is considered a major pathogenic mechanism accounting for the higher risk of cardiovascular disease in the overweight/obese population. In this context, although the existence of a possible interaction between soluble tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) and quantity and localization, of adiposity in the body has been hypothesized, no studies have yet investigated this link by radiologic techniques able to assess directly fat mass (FM) in different body regions. To address this issue, we assessed body fat distribution by dual X-rays absorptiometry (DXA) in a sample of 103 women and investigated the possible association between the derived adiposity measures and serum TRAIL concentration. The level of TRAIL showed a positive and independent correlation with arms FM (P<0.05), trunk FM (P<0.001) and trunk FM% (P<0.05), total FM and total FM% (P<0.001for both), and an inverse association with legs FM% (P<0.05). Only trunk FM retained a significant correlation (P<0.05) with TRAIL after adjusting for all the other indices of regional adiposity. In conclusion, from our study it emerged a significant and independent association of serum TRAIL levels with overall, and, mainly, central adiposity. Further studies are needed to longitudinally investigate the cause-effect relationship between change in body fat distribution and TRAIL.

scholarly journals Circulating betatrophin/ANGPTL8 levels correlate with body fat distribution in individuals with normal glucose tolerance but not those with glucose disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jing zheng(Former Corresponding Author) ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Beverly S Hong ◽  
Yanbing Li(New Corresponding Author)
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Normal Glucose

Abstract Background: The relationship between betatrophin/ANGPTL8 and obesity has been investigated using body mass index (BMI); however, since BMI reflects overall adiposity rather than body fat distribution, it remains unclear whether fat deposition in different areas of the body affects betatrophin expression. Here, we investigated the correlation between circulating betatrophin levels and body fat distribution in patients with different glucose tolerance. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in 128 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 64) or normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 64). Circulating betatrophin levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Body fat distribution (subcutaneous, visceral, and limb fat) was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a body fat meter.Results: After controlling for age, sex, and BMI, betatrophin was correlated positively with visceral adipose tissue-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio ( VAT/SAT ratio; r = 0.339, p = 0.009) and negatively with body fat ratio (BFR; r = -0.275, p = 0.035), left lower limb fat ratio (LLR; r = -0.330, p = 0.011), and right lower limb fat ratio (RLR; r = -0.288, p = 0.027) in the NGT group, with these correlations remaining after controlling for triglycerides. VAT/SAT ratio (standardized β = 0.419, p = 0.001) was independently associated with serum betatrophin levels; however, betatrophin was not associated with body fat distribution variables in the IGT group.Conclusions: Circulating betatrophin levels correlated positively with VAT/SAT ratio and negatively with lower limb fat, but not subcutaneous or upper limb fat, in individuals with normal glucose tolerance. Thus, betatrophin may be a poten­tial biomarker for body fat distribution in individuals without glucose disorders.

scholarly journals Circulating betatrophin/ANGPTL8 levels correlate with body fat distribution in individuals with normal glucose tolerance but not those with glucose disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zheng ◽  
Juan Liu ◽  
Beverly S Hong ◽  
Weijian Ke New ◽  
Minmin Huang New ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Normal Glucose

Abstract Background: The relationship between betatrophin/ANGPTL8 and obesity has been investigated using body mass index (BMI); however, since BMI reflects overall adiposity rather than body fat distribution, it remains unclear whether fat deposition in different areas of the body affects betatrophin expression. Here, we investigated the correlation between circulating betatrophin levels and body fat distribution in patients with different glucose tolerance. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in 128 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; n = 64) or normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n = 64). Circulating betatrophin levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Body fat distribution (subcutaneous, visceral, and limb fat) was measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a body fat meter. Results: After controlling for age, sex, and BMI, betatrophin was correlated positively with visceral adipose tissue-to-subcutaneous adipose tissue ratio ( VAT/SAT ratio; r = 0.339, p = 0.009) and negatively with body fat ratio (BFR; r = -0.275, p = 0.035), left lower limb fat ratio (LLR; r = -0.330, p = 0.011), and right lower limb fat ratio (RLR; r = -0.288, p = 0.027) in the NGT group, with these correlations remaining after controlling for triglycerides. VAT/SAT ratio (standardized β = 0.419, p = 0.001) was independently associated with serum betatrophin levels; however, betatrophin was not associated with body fat distribution variables in the IGT group. Conclusions: Circulating betatrophin levels correlated positively with VAT/SAT ratio and negatively with lower limb fat, but not subcutaneous or upper limb fat, in individuals with normal glucose tolerance. Thus, betatrophin may be a poten­tial biomarker for body fat distribution in individuals without glucose disorders.

scholarly journals The assessment of the body fat percentage by skinfold thickness measurements in childhood and young adolescence

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Deurenberg ◽  
John J. L. Pieters ◽  
Joseph G. A. J. Hautvast
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Prediction Error ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Body Density ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Pubertal Boys

The relationship of skinfold thicknesses to body density and of skinfold thicknesses to densitometrically determined body fat was evaluated in a group of 378 boys and girls, aged 7–20 years. According to their maturation level, they were divided into a prepubertal, a pubertal and a post-pubertal group. In each maturation group boys were older, had higher body-weights and body heights, higher body densities, lower percentage body fat, higher waist:hips ratios and higher trunk:total skinfolds ratios than girls. Body density in each maturation level could be quite precisely predicted by skinfold thicknesses. In prepubertal and pubertal boys and girls but not in post-pubertal boys and girls, age was also an important predicting variable for body density. The assessment of percentage body fat from skinfold thicknesses had a prediction error of 3–5 %, which was highest in the prepubertal children. The prediction error is comparable to the prediction error of percentage body fat from skinfold thicknesses in adults, as reported in the literature. Only in post-pubertal boys and girls was the waist:hip ratio correlated with measures of body fatness. Moreover, only in the post-pubertal boys and in the pubertal and post-pubertal girls was the waist:hips ratio correlated with another measure of body fat distribution, the trunk:total skinfold ratio. The relative amount of internal body fat was found to be higher in the younger maturation groups. It is concluded that at younger ages the waist:hips ratio is a poor indicator of body fat distribution.

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