scholarly journals Neuroprotective Potential of GDF11: Myth or Reality?

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (14) ◽  
pp. 3563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luc Rochette ◽  
Gabriel Malka
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Brain Aging ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

In the brain, aging is accompanied by cellular and functional deficiencies that promote vulnerability to neurodegenerative disorders. In blood plasma from young and old animals, various factors such as growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), whose levels are elevated in young animals, have been identified. The blood concentrations of these factors appear to be inversely correlated with the age-related decline of neurogenesis. The identification of GDF11 as a “rejuvenating factor” opens up perspectives for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. As a pro-neurogenic and pro-angiogenic agent, GDF11 may constitute a basis for novel therapeutic strategies.

scholarly journals The Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP) in the Challenging Future of Cancer Therapy and Age-Related Diseases

Biology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 485
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Cuollo ◽  
Fabrizio Antonangeli ◽  
Angela Santoni ◽  
Alessandra Soriani
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Therapy ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Senescent Cell ◽  
Pharmacological Intervention ◽  
Tissue Microenvironment ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Secretory Phenotype ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Cellular senescence represents a robust tumor-protecting mechanism that halts the proliferation of stressed or premalignant cells. However, this state of stable proliferative arrest is accompanied by the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP), which entails the copious secretion of proinflammatory signals in the tissue microenvironment and contributes to age-related conditions, including, paradoxically, cancer. Novel therapeutic strategies aim at eliminating senescent cells with the use of senolytics or abolishing the SASP without killing the senescent cell with the use of the so-called “senomorphics”. In addition, recent works demonstrate the possibility of modifying the composition of the secretome by genetic or pharmacological intervention. The purpose is not to renounce the potent immunostimulatory nature of SASP, but rather learning to modulate it for combating cancer and other age-related diseases. This review describes the main molecular mechanisms regulating the SASP and reports the evidence of the feasibility of abrogating or modulating the SASP, discussing the possible implications of both strategies.

scholarly journals Insulin in Central Nervous System: More than Just a Peripheral Hormone

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana I. Duarte ◽  
Paula I. Moreira ◽  
Catarina R. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Intracellular Signaling ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Healthy Longevity ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Brain Insulin ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Brain

Insulin signaling in central nervous system (CNS) has emerged as a novel field of research since decreased brain insulin levels and/or signaling were associated to impaired learning, memory, and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, besides its well-known role in longevity, insulin may constitute a promising therapy against diabetes- and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. More interestingly, insulin has been also faced as the potential missing link between diabetes and aging in CNS, with Alzheimer's disease (AD) considered as the “brain-type diabetes.” In fact, brain insulin has been shown to regulate both peripheral and central glucose metabolism, neurotransmission, learning, and memory and to be neuroprotective. And a future challenge will be to unravel the complex interactions between aging and diabetes, which, we believe, will allow the development of efficient preventive and therapeutic strategies to overcome age-related diseases and to prolong human “healthy” longevity. Herewith, we aim to integrate the metabolic, neuromodulatory, and neuroprotective roles of insulin in two age-related pathologies: diabetes and AD, both in terms of intracellular signaling and potential therapeutic approach.

scholarly journals VGLUT modulates sex differences in dopamine neuron vulnerability to age-related neurodegeneration

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silas A. Buck ◽  
Thomas Steinkellner ◽  
Despoina Aslanoglou ◽  
Michael Villeneuve ◽  
Sai H. Bhatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Vesicular Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Progressive Loss ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic

Age is the greatest risk factor for Parkinson’s disease (PD) which causes progressive loss of dopamine (DA) neurons, with males at greater risk than females. We found that vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) expression mediates vulnerability to age-related DA neurodegeneration in a sex-dependent manner, providing a new mechanism for sex differences in selective DA neuron vulnerability. These findings lay the groundwork for novel therapeutic strategies to boost neuronal resilience throughout aging.

Mitochondrial disturbances, excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation and kynurenines: Novel therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative disorders

2012 ◽  
Vol 322 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 187-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dénes Zádori ◽  
Péter Klivényi ◽  
Levente Szalárdy ◽  
Ferenc Fülöp ◽  
József Toldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Novel Therapeutic
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